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Mao H, Jiang M. Modeling of the first dimensional peak with two modulated sub-peaks in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2425-2434. [PMID: 35915249 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to previous published works, precise modeling of the first dimensional (1D) peak in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) requires at least 3 modulated sub-peaks (MSP). This requirement is sometimes difficult to meet, e.g., in case of undersampling modulation. In the present work, the feasibility of modeling of the 1D peak with only 2 MSP was demonstrated. The effects of modulation phase (ϕ), modulation period (PM), the peak width (1σ), and the peak shape of the original 1D peak on the accuracy of the proposed method were explored. When employing PM ranging from 6 s ~ 3 s to modulate original peaks with 1σ = 1.2 s ~ 0.6 s, the maximal error of the modeled 1tR is 1.08 s, which is far less than the error generated by employing the largest MSP to estimate the 1tR. The deviation of modeled 1tR increases with the increase of peak shape distortion, and this deviation is ≤ 0.67 s when tailing factor (Tf) in the range of 0.8 to 1.5. The application of the proposed method was demonstrated by assisting identification of a monoterpene in Myrrh sample. The proposed approach could improve the accuracy in calculation of 1tR or 1I and enhance the reliability of compound identification in GC × GC analysis with undersampling modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan Business University, #816 Dongfeng Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Quantitative Method for Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Based on Multi-Sliding Window and Noise Estimation. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
LC-MS/MS uses information on the mass peaks and peak areas of samples to conduct quantitative analysis. However, in the detection of clinical samples, the spectrograms of the compounds are interfered with for different reasons, which makes the identification of chromatographic peaks more difficult. Therefore, to improve the chromatographic interference problem, this paper first proposes a multi-window-based signal-to-noise ratio estimation algorithm, which contains the steps of raw data denoising, peak identification, peak area calculation and curve fitting to obtain accurate quantitative analysis results of the samples. Through the chromatographic peak identification of an extracted ion chromatogram of VD2 in an 80 ng/mL standard and the spectral peak identification of data from an open-source database, the identification results show that the algorithm has a better peak detection performance. The accuracy of the quantitative analysis was verified using the LC-HTQ-2020 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer produced by our group for the application of steroid detection in human serum. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can accurately identify the peak information of LC-MS/MS chromatographic peaks, which can effectively improve the accuracy and reproducibility of steroid detection results and meet the requirements of clinical testing applications such as human steroid hormone detection.
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Sudol PE, Ochoa GS, Cain CN, Synovec RE. Tile-based variance rank initiated-unsupervised sample indexing for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Pérez-Cova M, Jaumot J, Tauler R. Untangling comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography data sets using regions of interest and multivariate curve resolution approaches. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Donval JP, Guyader V, Boissy E. A simple method for the preparation and injection of gas mixtures into a gas chromatograph using a two-component device. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461579. [PMID: 33035905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental sciences are expanding and are based on standardized and certified calibrations when measurements are required. When a gaseous composition is quantified, commercial standards are used. Here, we report on a two-component device for the preparation and injection of gas mixtures at the appropriate levels of pressure and volume. The two-component calibrator/injector can be used simultaneously or separately depending on the experimental objective but their combination is extremely effective for injecting gas mixtures at low concentrations. The quantity of gas introduced into a gas chromatograph with the injector can be adapted to the sensitivity of the detector or to avoid column overload. The calibrator provides for a large range of gas-mixture concentrations, from ppm to % mol/mol with an error of preparation of around 1% and an accuracy of less than 3%. This device prepares a variety of gas mixtures (hydrogen, methane and dioxide of carbon) which are compared with certified mixtures by means of gas chromatographic measurements. The results show good agreement between prepared and certified mixtures with a maximum difference of 2% which remains within the relative error of commercial standard. In addition, the preparation of dissolved methane at different concentrations in seawater is presented as a direct application of the calibrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Donval
- Unité des Géosciences Marines Géosciences Marines, Laboratoire Cycles Géochimiques et ressources IFREMER Centre de Brest, Plouzané, France.
| | - V Guyader
- Unité des Géosciences Marines Géosciences Marines, Laboratoire Cycles Géochimiques et ressources IFREMER Centre de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - E Boissy
- Département Mesures Physiques, INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE TECHNOLOGIE, Lannion, France
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Bos TS, Knol WC, Molenaar SR, Niezen LE, Schoenmakers PJ, Somsen GW, Pirok BW. Recent applications of chemometrics in one- and two-dimensional chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1678-1727. [PMID: 32096604 PMCID: PMC7317490 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of increasingly more sophisticated analytical separation systems, often incorporating increasingly more powerful detection techniques, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, causes an urgent need for highly efficient data-analysis and optimization strategies. This is especially true for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography applied to the separation of very complex samples. In this contribution, the requirement for chemometric tools is explained and the latest developments in approaches for (pre-)processing and analyzing data arising from one- and two-dimensional chromatography systems are reviewed. The final part of this review focuses on the application of chemometrics for method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen S. Bos
- Division of Bioanalytical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and SystemsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Knol
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stef R.A. Molenaar
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leon E. Niezen
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and SystemsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bob W.J. Pirok
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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7
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8
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Zabell AP, Foxworthy T, Eaton KN, Julian RK. Diagnostic application of the exponentially modified Gaussian model for peak quality and quantitation in high-throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1369:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Interpretation of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography data using advanced chemometrics. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Antle PM, Zeigler CD, Gankin Y, Robbat A. New Spectral Deconvolution Algorithms for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Heterocycles by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometery. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10369-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Antle
- Tufts University Department of Chemistry, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Christian D. Zeigler
- Tufts University Department of Chemistry, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Yuriy Gankin
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Inc., Needham, Massachusetts 02494, United States
| | - Albert Robbat
- Tufts University Department of Chemistry, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Zeng ZD, Hugel HM, Marriott PJ. Simultaneous estimation of retention times of overlapping primary peaks in comprehensive two-dimensional GC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2728-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Da Zeng
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - Helmut M. Hugel
- School of Applied Sciences; RMIT University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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12
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Parastar H, Radović JR, Bayona JM, Tauler R. Solving chromatographic challenges in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry using multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6235-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Liu J, Seo JH, Li Y, Chen D, Kurabayashi K, Fan X. Smart multi-channel two-dimensional micro-gas chromatography for rapid workplace hazardous volatile organic compounds measurement. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:818-825. [PMID: 23303462 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel smart multi-channel two-dimensional (2-D) micro-gas chromatography (μGC) architecture that shows promise to significantly improve 2-D μGC performance. In the smart μGC design, a non-destructive on-column gas detector and a flow routing system are installed between the first dimensional separation column and multiple second dimensional separation columns. The effluent from the first dimensional column is monitored in real-time and decision is then made to route the effluent to one of the second dimensional columns for further separation. As compared to the conventional 2-D μGC, the greatest benefit of the smart multi-channel 2-D μGC architecture is the enhanced separation capability of the second dimensional column and hence the overall 2-D GC performance. All the second dimensional columns are independent of each other, and their coating, length, flow rate and temperature can be customized for best separation results. In particular, there is no more constraint on the upper limit of the second dimensional column length and separation time in our architecture. Such flexibility is critical when long second dimensional separation is needed for optimal gas analysis. In addition, the smart μGC is advantageous in terms of elimination of the power intensive thermal modulator, higher peak amplitude enhancement, simplified 2-D chromatogram re-construction and potential scalability to higher dimensional separation. In this paper, we first constructed a complete smart 1 × 2 channel 2-D μGC system, along with an algorithm for automated control/operation of the system. We then characterized and optimized this μGC system, and finally employed it in two important applications that highlight its uniqueness and advantages, i.e., analysis of 31 workplace hazardous volatile organic compounds, and rapid detection and identification of target gas analytes from interference background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Trends in data processing of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography: State of the art. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 910:31-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Zeng ZD, Hugel HM, Marriott PJ. Component correlation between related samples by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry with chemometric tools. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1254:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Features for non-targeted cross-sample analysis with comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1226:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Latha I, Reichenbach SE, Tao Q. Comparative analysis of peak-detection techniques for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6792-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Chemometrics in comprehensive multidimensional separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2373-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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