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Acquaviva A, Siano G, Quintas P, Filgueira MR, Castells CB. Chiral x achiral multidimensional liquid chromatography. Application to the enantioseparation of dintitrophenyl amino acids in honey samples and their fingerprint classification. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460729. [PMID: 31785894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most HPLC enantiomer separations are performed with columns packed with a chiral stationary phase (CSP) operated with an achiral mobile phase. The intrinsically limited chemical selectivity of most CSPs to the simultaneous resolution of several pairs of enantiomers means that complex mixtures of diverse pairs of enantiomers cannot be resolved in a single run due to peak overlapping. Moreover, some drawbacks remain when the analyte is present in very complex samples containing other achiral compounds which can co-elute with the enantiomer peaks. Multidimensional chromatography becomes an option to increase peak capacity and resolve these samples. The aim of this work was to study an online fully comprehensive 2D-LC mode utilizing a combination of a chiral column in the first dimension and an achiral column in the second dimension. The 2D-LC system was built with an active flow splitter pump in order to easily adjust the volume of sample transferred into the second dimension and to independently optimize the flow rate in the first dimension. The present LCxLC method was optimized for the separation of amino acids present in honey samples, taking into account key parameters that influence the bidimensional peak capacity (orthogonality, sampling frequency, etc.). The amino acids have been preconcentrated on a cation-exchange column followed by derivatization. Several amino acids present in different honey samples have been identified and the data generated has been analyzed by principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acquaviva
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - G Siano
- Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional, sinc(i) FICH/UNL-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P Quintas
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica para Investigación y Desarrollo (QUIANID) - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN) de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina
| | - M R Filgueira
- Nutrition and Biosciences - DuPont, 200 Powder Mill Road Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - C B Castells
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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2
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Shu S, Zhao L, Zhou S, Wu C, Liu H, Wang J. Recyclable and Stable α-Methylproline-Derived Chiral Ligands for the Chemical Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of free C,N-Unprotected α-Amino Acids. Molecules 2019; 24:E2218. [PMID: 31200582 PMCID: PMC6630268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel special designed, stable, and recyclable chiral ligand bearing a quaternary carbon was developed for chemical dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of free C,N-unprotected racemic α-amino acids via Schiff base intermediates. This method furnishes high yields with excellent enantioselectivity, has a broad substrate scope, and uses operationally simple and convenient conditions. The present chemical DKR is a practical and useful method for the preparation of enantiopure α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shengbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chenglin Wu
- These authors contributed equally to this work..
| | - Hong Liu
- These authors contributed equally to this work..
| | - Jiang Wang
- These authors contributed equally to this work..
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3
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Sintra TE, Gantman MG, Ventura SP, Coutinho JA, Wasserscheid P, Schulz PS. Synthesis and characterization of chiral ionic liquids based on quinine, l-proline and l-valine for enantiomeric recognition. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Padró JM, Keunchkarian S. State-of-the-art and recent developments of immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for enantioseparations by high-performance liquid chromatography (2013–2017). Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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5
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Ilisz I, Bajtai A, Lindner W, Péter A. Liquid chromatographic enantiomer separations applying chiral ion-exchangers based on Cinchona alkaloids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:127-152. [PMID: 29980014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the understanding of the various biological actions of compounds with different stereochemistry has grown, the necessity to develop methods for the analytical qualification and quantification of chiral products has become particularly important. The last quarter of the century has seen a vast growth of diverse chiral technologies, including stereocontrolled synthesis and enantioselective separation and analysis concepts. By the introduction of covalently bonded silica-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), the so-called direct liquid chromatographic (LC) methods of enantiomer separation became the state-of-the-art methodology. Although a large number of CSPs is available nowadays, the design and development of new chiral selectors and CSPs are still needed since it is obvious that in practice one needs a good portfolio of different CSPs and focused "chiral columns" to tackle the challenging tasks. This review discusses and summarizes direct enantiomer separations of chiral acids and ampholytes applying anionic and zwitterionic ion-exchangers derived from Cinchona alkaloids with emphasis on literature data published in the last 10 years. Our aim is to provide an overview of practical solutions, while focusing on the integration of molecular recognition and methodological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 83, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Qiao L, Zhou X, Li X, Du W, Yu A, Zhang S, Wu Y. Synthesis and performance of chiral ferrocene modified silica gel for mixed-mode chromatography. Talanta 2017; 163:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Wang T, Yang H, Qiu R, Huang S. Synthesis of novel chiral imidazolium stationary phases and their enantioseparation evaluation by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 944:70-77. [PMID: 27776641 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were prepared by bonding chiral imidazoliums on the surface of silica gel. The chiral imidazoles were derivatized from chiral amines, 1-phenylethylamine and 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine. The obtained CSPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA), demonstrating the bonding densities of CSP 1 and CSP 2 were 0.43 mmol g-1 and 0.40 mmol g-1, respectively. These two CSPs could be used to availably separate 8 pharmaceuticals, 7 mandelic acid/its derivatives, 2 1-phenylethylamine derivatives, 1 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol, and 1 camphorsulfonic acid in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is found that CSP 1 could effectively enantioseparate most chiral analytes, especially the acidic components, while CSP 2 could enantiorecognize all chiral analytes, although a number of components did not achieve baseline separation. Additionally, the effects of mobile phase composition, mobile phase pH and salt content, chiral selector structures, and analyte structures on the enantiorecognitions of the two CSPs were investigated. It is found that high acetonitrile content in mobile phases was conducive to enantiorecognition. Mobile phase pH and salt content could alter the retention behaviors of different enantiomers of the same chiral compound, resulting in better enantioresolution. Moreover, both chiral selector structures and substituted groups of analytes played a significant role in the separation of chiral solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ruchen Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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8
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Ilisz I, Péter A, Lindner W. State-of-the-art enantioseparations of natural and unnatural amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Wang D, Zhao J, Wu H, Wu H, Cai J, Ke Y, Liang X. Preparation and evaluation of novel chiral stationary phases based on quinine derivatives comprising crown ether moieties. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:205-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jianchao Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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Dib SR, Faria AM. Polyethyleneimine Immobilized on Silica Endcapped with Octadecyl Groups as a Stationary Phase for RP-LC. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Wu H, Wang D, Song G, Ke Y, Liang X. Novel chiral stationary phases based on peptoid combining a quinine/quinidine moiety through a C9-position carbamate group. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:934-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Dongqiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Guangjun Song
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry; School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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12
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Enantioseparation of α-amino acids by means of Cinchona alkaloids as selectors in chiral ligand-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Keunchkarian S, Grisales JO, Padró JM, Boeris S, Castells CB. Development of a chiral stationary phase based on cinchonidine. Comparison with a quinine-based chiral column. Chirality 2012; 24:512-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Keunchkarian
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT; 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Jaiver Osorio Grisales
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT; 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Juan M. Padró
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT; 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Susana Boeris
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT; 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Cecilia B. Castells
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT; 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
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