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A new ionic liquid bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas stationary phase for per aqueous liquid chromatography and its application in the detection of biogenic amines. Talanta 2021; 235:122795. [PMID: 34517653 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of using a large proportion of acetonitrile on the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns that was not environmentally friendly, and the poor acid and base resistance of traditional bonded silica columns, we reported a novel stationary phase of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) covalently bonded to ionic liquid (ILs) bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO) hydrophilic microspheres (PMO-ILs-Au NPs) for per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC). The PMO hydrophilic microspheres were prepared by condensation of 1,3-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)imidazoliumchloride and 1, 2-Bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane and then modified with Au NPs the surface. The obtained materials were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The retention behavior was evaluated by investigating the effect of various chromatographic factors on the retention of different types of solutes. The retention mechanism of the stationary phases in PALC was a mixed type of anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction. Compared with C18-SiO2 column, the acid and base resistance of the stationary phase were greatly improved. Compared with the HILIC column and C18 column, some hydrophilic compounds such as six organic acids and eight biogenic amines were baseline separated with the enhanced resolution of the PMO-ILs-Au NPs column under the PALC mode. The efficiency of the new column was significantly higher than that of the HILIC column. Furthermore, the analysis of PALC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous detection of eight biogenic amines. This method could improve detection efficiency, save reagent and reduce environmental pollution. PALC as a green chromatography analytical method was suitable for the replacement of HILIC.
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2
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Preparation and evaluation of a bacitracin-bonded silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Li Z, Yang B. Preparation and evaluation of a polymer-based sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462229. [PMID: 34038779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a polymer-based sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). It was prepared by grafting acrylamide-type sulfobetaine monomer instead of common methacrylate-type sulfobetaine onto hydrolysed poly (glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) (GMA-DVB) microspheres via pendant double bonds of DVB. The phase has been characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron micrograph and N2 adsorption-desorption experiment. It shows wider pH tolerance range (from 2 to 12) and excellent separation ability towards common strong polar analytes such as nucleosides and nucleic bases, water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, inorganic anions and cations. Notably, it exhibits negligible baseline noise level (~0.15 pA) under typical HILIC mobile phase. Excellent selectivity in separation of α- and β-anomers of reducing sugars and lactose/lactulose has also been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zongying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China.
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4
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Static vs. Dynamic Electrostatic Repulsion Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography: Solutions for Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Basic Compounds. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8050059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to separate basic compounds, which are challenging to resolve in reversed phase liquid chromatography. In this process, they are strongly retained and the peak shape undergoes significant distortion. The principal origin of this has been identified with the non-negligible interaction with residual deprotonated silanols. Consequently, all solutions that efficiently shield silanols are being sought. This review is an upgrade on the use of the electrostatic repulsion reversed phase (ERRP) approach: retention of bases, in protonated form, can be achieved by modulating the charge repulsion caused by the presence of positive charges in the chromatographic system. This study successfully (i) introduced fixed positive charges in the structure of stationary phases, (ii) used cationic and hydrophobic additives in the mobile phase, and (iii) used the ERRP-like approach employed at the preparative level for peptide purification.
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5
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Chen T, Xu L, Song G, Li Y, Xu H, Zhou H, Xiao Z, Li P. Preparation and application of Au nanoparticles-decorated SO3H-cofunctionalized silica stationary phase for per aqueous liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Zhou D, Zheng Y, Luo Q, Gao D, Fu Q, Zhang K, Xia Z, Wang L. Preparation of an aspartame and N-isopropyl acrylamide copolymer functionalized stationary phase with multi-mode and chiral separation abilities. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Qiao L, Yu C, Sun R. Preparation and comparison of three zwitterionic stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1071-1079. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Qiao
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin P. R. China
| | - Ruiting Sun
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin P. R. China
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8
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Zhang SQ, Li J, Li L, Yuan X, Xu L, Shi ZG. Fast separation of water-soluble vitamins by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography based on submicrometer flow-through silica microspheres. Food Chem 2019; 307:125531. [PMID: 31644979 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, submicrometer flow-through silica microspheres (Sub-FTSiO2) was for the first time obtained via a suspension polymerization method coupled with sol-gel transition and phase separation. The Sub-FTSiO2 was characteristic of rich mesopores, penetrable macropores and small particle size, which would be beneficial to fast mass transfer, low column backpressure and high column efficiency. It was directly used as the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic (HILIC) stationary phase, and the fast separation of seven water-soluble vitamins in 2.2 min was realized. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of water-soluble vitamins in two functional beverages on the market. The prepared Sub-FTSiO2 was well demonstrated for fast HILIC, and would be potential as the stationary phase matrix for fast liquid chromatography in diverse separation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Li
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, China; Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China; Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China.
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9
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Chen L, Gao J, Wu Q, Li H, Dong S, Shi X, Zhao L. Preparation and performance of a novel multi-mode COF-300@SiO2 chromatographic stationary phase. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Fatima Z, Jin X, Zou Y, Kaw HY, Quinto M, Li D. Recent trends in analytical methods for water-soluble vitamins. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:360245. [PMID: 31122728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances in the analysis of water-soluble vitamins (WSVs) have been reported considering the advantages and disadvantages of various extraction, separation and detection techniques, commonly used for their quantification. Acid hydrolysis, enzyme treatment, SPE based methods and some other extraction methods have been discussed. Particular attention has been devoted to the analytical techniques based on liquid chromatography and electrophoresis. Furthermore, suitability and selectivity of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) for WSVs has been discussed in detail. Problems related to these techniques and their possible solutions have also been considered. Special focus has been given to the applications of liquid chromatography (since 2014-2019) for the simultaneous analysis of WSVs and their homologous in complex food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yilin Zou
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China; SAFE - Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, I-71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, PR China.
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11
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Stable-bond polymeric reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phases obtained by simultaneous functionalization and crosslinking of a poly(3-mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane-film on vinyl silica via thiol-ene double click reaction. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Aral H, Çelik KS, Altındağ R, Aral T. Synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel multifunctional stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction/reversed phase mixed-mode chromatography. Talanta 2017; 174:703-714. [PMID: 28738646 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional stationary phase based on silica gel was synthesised starting from L- isoleucine and 4-phenylbutylamine and evaluated as a hydrophilic interaction/reversed-phase mixed-mode stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The prepared stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The mechanisms involved in the chromatographic separation are multi-interaction, including hydrophobic, π-π, hydrogen-bonding, dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions. Based on these interactions, successful separation could be achieved among several aromatic compounds having different polarities under both hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed phase (RP) condition. Nucleotides/nucleosides were separated in the HILIC mode. The effects of different separation conditions, such as pH value, mobile-phase content, column temperature, buffer concentration and flow rate, on the separation of nucleotides/nucleosides in HILIC mode were investigated. The seven nucleotides/nucleosides were separated within 22min, while six of them were separated within 10min by isocratic elution. To determine the influence of the new multifunctional stationary phase under the RP condition, a number of moderately and weakly polar and nonpolar compounds, such as 10 substituted anilines and eight substituted phenols were separated successfully under the RP condition within 14 and 15min, respectively. Additionally, nine mixtures of polar/nonpolar test compounds were simultaneously separated within 19min, while seven of them were separated within 12min, under HILIC/RP mixed-mode conditions. Chromatographic parameters, such as the retention factor and peak asymmetry factor, were calculated for all of the analytes, while the theoretical plate number was calculated for analytes separated by isocratic elution. Compared to traditional C18 and commercial HILIC columns, the new stationary phase exhibited both HILIC and RPLC performance, and the scope of analyte separation was thus enlarged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Aral
- University of Batman, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Batman, Turkey
| | - K Serdar Çelik
- University of Batman, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Batman, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Altındağ
- University of Batman, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Batman, Turkey
| | - Tarık Aral
- University of Batman, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Batman, Turkey.
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13
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Wu Q, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Dong S, Qiu H, Wang L, Zhao L. Multi-mode application of graphene quantum dots bonded silica stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Bo C, Wang X, Wang C, Wei Y. Preparation of hydrophilic interaction/ion-exchange mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase with adjustable selectivity by controlling different ratios of the co-monomers. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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HILIC Stationary Phase Based on Monodisperse-Porous Polymethacrylate Beads Functionalized with Zwitterionic Molecular Brushes. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Li H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Kong F, Fan D, Li L, Wang W. Preparation of a silica stationary phase co-functionalized with Wulff-type phenylboronate and C12 for mixed-mode liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:104-113. [PMID: 28231874 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A silica stationary phase was designed and synthesized through the co-functionalization of silica with Wulff-type phenylboronate and C12 for mixed-mode liquid chromatography applications. The as-synthesized stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform-InfraRed Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Retention mechanisms, including boronate affinity (BA), reversed-phase (RP) and anion-exchange (AE), were involved. Retention mechanism switching was easily realized by adjustment of the mobile phase constitution. Cis-diol compounds could be selectively captured under neutral conditions in BA mode and off-line separated in RP mode. Neutral, basic, acidic and amphiprotic compounds were chromatographed on the column in RP chromatography, while inorganic anions were chromatographed in AE chromatography to characterize the mixed-mode nature of the prepared stationary phase. In addition, the RP performance was compared with an octadecyl silica column in terms of column efficiency (N/m), asymmetry factor (Af), retention factor (k) and resolution (Rs). The prepared stationary phase offered multiple interactions with analytes in addition to hydrophobic interactions under RP elution conditions. Based on the mixed-mode properties, off-line 2D-LC, for selective capture and separation of urinary nucleosides, was successfully realized on a single column, demonstrating its powerful application potential for complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Yancheng Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Xiaojin Wang
- Huai'an Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Fenying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Dahe Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
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17
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Zhang L, Dai Q, Qiao X, Yu C, Qin X, Yan H. Mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases: Recent advancements and its applications for high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Guo Y, Shah R. Detailed insights into the retention mechanism of caffeine metabolites on the amide stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1463:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Wang H, Zhang L, Ma T, Zhang L, Qiao X. Imidazolium‐embedded iodoacetamide‐functionalized silica‐based stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction/reversed‐phase mixed‐mode chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3498-504. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Electrical and Information Engineering Department of Hebei Jiaotong Vocational & Technical College Shijiazhuang China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesHebei University Baoding China
| | - Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesHebei University Baoding China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for ProteomicsDalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesHebei University Baoding China
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20
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Qiao L, Shi X, Xu G. Recent advances in development and characterization of stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Preparation, characterization and application of a reversed phase liquid chromatography/hydrophilic interaction chromatography mixed-mode C18-DTT stationary phase. Talanta 2016; 146:442-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Liu S, Xu H, Yu J, Li D, Li M, Qiao X, Qin X, Yan H. Novel imidazolium-embedded N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-functionalized silica-based stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction/reversed-phase mixed-mode chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8989-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Wang Q, Ye M, Xu L, Shi ZG. A reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode C18-Diol stationary phase for multiple applications. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Qiao X, Zhang L, Zhang N, Wang X, Qin X, Yan H, Liu H. Imidazolium embedded C8 based stationary phase for simultaneous reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:107-16. [PMID: 25981287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new imidazolium embedded C8 based stationary phase (SIL-MPS-VOL) was facilely prepared by two steps and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. Due to the introduction of quaternary imidazolium group to the traditional C8 stationary phase, the developed SIL-MPS-VOL column demonstrated both reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) retention mechanisms. A series of hydrophobic and hydrophilic test samples, including benzene homologues, anilines, positional isomers, nucleosides and nucleotides, were used to evaluate the developed SIL-MPS-VOL stationary phase. A rapid separation time, high separation efficiency and planar selectivity were achieved, compared with the commercially available C8 column. Moreover, the developed stationary phase was further used to detect and separate of melamine in powdered infant formula and high polar component of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma, and improved separation efficiency was achieved, indicating the potential merits of the developed SIL-MPS-VOL stationary phase for simultaneous separation of complex hydrophobic and hydrophilic samples with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xinying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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25
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On the use of ionic liquids as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 883:1-21. [PMID: 26088771 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of ionic liquids (ILs) has grown during the last decades in several analytical separation techniques. Consequently, the number of reports devoted to the applications of ILs is still increasing. This review is focused on the use of ILs (mainly imidazolium-based associated to chloride and tetrafluoroborate) as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this approach, ILs just function as salts, but keep several kinds of intermolecular interactions, which are useful for chromatographic separations. Both cation and anion can be adsorbed on the stationary phase, creating a bilayer. This gives rise to hydrophobic, electrostatic and other specific interactions with the stationary phase and solutes, which modify the retention behaviour and peak shape. This review updates the advances in this field, with emphasis on topics not always deeply considered in the literature, such as the mechanisms of retention, the estimation of the suppressing potency of silanols, modelling and optimisation of the chromatographic performance, and the comparison with other additives traditionally used to avoid the silanol problem.
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Wang T, Chen Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Ionic liquid-based zwitterionic organic polymer monolithic column for capillary hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Analyst 2015; 140:5585-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel ionic liquid-based zwitterionic organic polymer monolithic column was developed, by copolymerization in a quaternary porogenic solvent, for capillary hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315016
- China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Xiangshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine
- Xiangshan 310014
- China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Yukui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
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Çelebi B, Özen B, Kip Ç, Tuncel A. A New Stationary Phase for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Polyacrylate-Based Hydrophilic, Monosized-Porous Beads with Zwitterionic Molecular Brushes. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Determination of selected water-soluble vitamins using hydrophilic chromatography: A comparison of photodiode array, fluorescence, and coulometric detection, and validation in a breakfast cereal matrix. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Preparation of a Novel Amino-Phosphate Zwitterionic Stationary Phase for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Preparation, characterization, and application of a new stationary phase containing different kinds of amine groups. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8311-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Qiao L, Dou A, Shi X, Li H, Shan Y, Lu X, Xu G. Development and evaluation of new imidazolium-based zwitterionic stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chester TL. Recent Developments in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases. Anal Chem 2012; 85:579-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303180y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Chester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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Zhang L, Dai X, Xu F, Wang F, Gong B, Wei Y. Preparation of imidazole-functionalized silica by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its application for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1477-84. [PMID: 22772141 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel imidazole-functionalized stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). 1-Vinylimidazole as a monomer was polymerized on the surface of initiator-immobilized silica by SI-ATRP using CuCl and 2,2'-bipyridyl as a catalyst. The graft chain length and polymer grafting density were controlled by varying the ratio of monomer to initiator. The resulting materials were characterized by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Then, high-performance liquid chromatography separation of eight nucleobases/nucleosides was performed on the imidazole-functionalized chromatographic column in HILIC mode. The effects of mobile phase composition, buffer pH, and column temperature on the separation of nucleobases/nucleosides were investigated, and the retention mechanisms were studied. Chromatographic parameters were calculated, and the results showed that surface adsorption through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction dominated the retention behavior of the solutes in HILIC mode. Lastly, the stationary phase was successfully used to determine the nucleobases and nucleosides from Cordyceps militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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