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Gu JY, Li XB, Liao GQ, Wang TC, Wang ZS, Jia Q, Qian YZ, Zhang XL, Qiu J. Comprehensive analysis of phospholipid in milk and their biological roles as nutrients and biomarkers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38556904 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2330696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PL) have garnered significant attention due to their physiological activities. Milk and other dairy products are important dietary sources for humans and have been extensively used to analyze the presence of PL by various analytical techniques. In this paper, the analysis techniques of PL were reviewed with the eight trigrams of phospholipidomics and a comprehensive fingerprint of 1295 PLs covering 8 subclasses in milk and other dairy products, especially. Technology is the primary productive force. Based on phospholipidomics technology, we further review the relationship between the composition of PL and factors that may be involved in processing and experimental operation, and emphasized the significance of the biological role played by PL in dietary supplements and biomarkers (production, processing and clinical research), and providing the future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Gu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Bing Li
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Qin Liao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Cai Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Shuang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Lian Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Jaakamo MJ, Luukkonen TJ, Kairenius PK, Bayat AR, Ahvenjärvi SA, Vilkki JH, Leskinen HM. Effects of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio and forage type on milk phospholipids and fatty acid composition of polar lipids. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1450-1459. [PMID: 37806636 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of grass silage and red clover silage on milk fatty acid (FA) composition are extensively studied, but little is known of their effects on minor lipid constituents of milk fat globule membrane. We investigated the effects of forage:concentrate (FC) ratio in grass silage-based diets and forage type (grass silage vs. red clover silage) on selected molecular species of milk phospholipids (PL) and the FA composition of PL. Ten multiparous Nordic Red cows were offered following dietary treatments: grass silage-based diets containing 70:30 (HG) or 30:70 (LG) FC ratio or a red clover silage-based diet (RC) comprising 50:50 FC ratio on a dry matter basis. The most abundant molecular species within the phosphatidylcholines was 16:0-18:1 phosphatidylcholine that was increased by 18% in HG compared with LG milk. Dietary treatments did not affect the relative proportion of 18:1-18:1+18:0-18:2 phosphatidylethanolamine that was the most prevalent species (ca. 44%-45%) in that class. We identified the d18:1-22:0 sphingomyelin as the most abundant sphingomyelin species that tended to increase in HG milk compared with LG. The FC ratio did not affect the relative proportions of saturated FA nor monounsaturated FA in PL, but the proportion of cis-9 18:1 was elevated in HG versus LG milk, whereas the proportion of 18:2n-6 was 50% higher in LG versus HG milk. The RC diet increased monounsaturated FA and 18:3n-3 levels in PL compared with grass silage-based diets and decreased the relative proportion of saturated FA. However, the RC diet did not affect the relative proportion of polyunsaturated FA in PL, although red clover silage typically increases the proportion of polyunsaturated FA in milk fat. This study provides valuable knowledge of the minor lipid components in milk on species level in relation to common feeding strategies in high-forage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari J Jaakamo
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Tytti J Luukkonen
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Piia K Kairenius
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ali R Bayat
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Seppo A Ahvenjärvi
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Johanna H Vilkki
- Genomics and Breeding, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Heidi M Leskinen
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
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3
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Zhang Y, Cui X, Lin S, Lu T, Li H, Lu Y, Cao M, Lin X, Ling X. Knockout of a PLD gene in Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 enhances docosahexaenoic acid accumulation by modulation of the phospholipid profile. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38291531 PMCID: PMC10826259 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation of phospholipase D (PLD) play important roles in the interconversion of phospholipids (PLs), which has been shown to profoundly impact lipid metabolism in plants. In this study, the effect of the PLD1 gene of Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 (S. limacinum SR21) on lipid metabolism was investigated. RESULTS PLD1 knockout had little impact on cell growth and lipid production, but it significantly improved the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids, of which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content increased by 13.3% compared to the wild-type strain. Phospholipomics and real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the knockout of PLD1 reduced the interexchange and increased de novo synthesis of PLs, which altered the composition of PLs, accompanied by a final decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and an increase in phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidic acid levels. PLD1 knockout also increased DHA content in triglycerides (TAGs) and decreased it in PLs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLD1 mainly performs the transphosphatidylation activity in S. limacinum SR21, and its knockout promotes the migration of DHA from PLs to TAGs, which is conducive to DHA accumulation and storage in TAGs via an acyl CoA-independent pathway. This study provides a novel approach for identifying the mechanism of DHA accumulation and metabolic regulation strategies for DHA production in S. limacinum SR21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuizhi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province (Xiamen University), Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihuang Lin
- Analysis and Test Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueping Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Hameed A, Anwar MJ, Perveen S, Amir M, Naeem I, Imran M, Hussain M, Ahmad I, Afzal MI, Inayat S, Awuchi CG. Functional, industrial and therapeutic applications of dairy waste materials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023; 26:1470-1496. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2213854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Hameed
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Anwar
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saima Perveen
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naeem
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of food science and technology, University of Narowal-Pakistan, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmad
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhamad Inam Afzal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Inayat
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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5
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Eddehech A, Rahier R, Donnarumma D, Rigano F, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Zarai Z. Development of a highly efficient oil degumming process using a novel phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzyme from Bacillus thuringiensis PL14. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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6
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Analysis of milk with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: a review. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAs a widely consumed foodstuff, milk and dairy products are increasingly studied over the years. At the present time, milk profiling is used as a benchmark to assess the properties of milk. Modern biomolecular mass spectrometers have become invaluable to fully characterize the milk composition. This review reports the analysis of milk and its components using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS). LC–MS analysis as a whole will be discussed subdivided into the major constituents of milk, namely, lipids, proteins, sugars and the mineral fraction.
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7
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Liu Y, Qiao W, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yang K, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen L. Quantification of phospholipids and glycerides in human milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 10:1101557. [PMID: 36700070 PMCID: PMC9868747 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk lipids, which are an important source of energy and affect growth and development of infants, require a comprehensive method for its qualitative and quantitative analysis. This work describes a method for the analysis of phospholipids, glycerides, free fatty acids and gangliosides in human milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). The lipids were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and phospholipids were separated by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chromatographic columns with two different specifications (4.6 mm × 150 mm, and 3 mm × 50 mm) were used to detect phospholipids and glycerides in human milk, respectively. The sphingolipids and glycerides were analyzed in positive ion mode, and the glycerophospholipids and free fatty acids were analyzed in negative ion mode. Both internal and external standards were used for absolute quantification in this experiment. 483 species of lipids, including phospholipids, glycerides, free fatty acids and gangliosides, in human milk were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and good linearity, with coefficient of correlation above 0.99, the relative standard deviation of accuracy and precision less than 10%. The results in a large number of human milk samples showed that this method was suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids in human milk, even for other mammalian milk and infant formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Chen,
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8
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Comparison of Workflows for Milk Lipid Analysis: Phospholipids. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010163. [PMID: 36613379 PMCID: PMC9818897 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is a rich source of lipids, with the major components being triglycerides (TAG) and phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the predominant technique for lipid identification and quantification across all biological samples. While fatty acid (FA) composition of the major lipid classes of milk can be readily determined using tandem MS, elucidating the regio-distribution and double bond position of the FA remains difficult. Various workflows have been reported on the quantification of lipid species in biological samples in the past 20 years, but no standard or consensus methods are currently available for the quantification of milk phospholipids. This study will examine the influence of several common factors in lipid analysis workflow (including lipid extraction protocols, LC stationary phases, mobile phase buffers, gradient elution programmes, mass analyser resolution and isotope correction) on the quantification outcome of bovine milk phospholipids. The pros and cons of the current LC-MS methods as well as the critical problems to be solved will also be discussed.
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9
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Chen X, Peng X, Sun X, Pan L, Shi J, Gao Y, Lei Y, Jiang F, Li R, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Development and Application of Feature-Based Molecular Networking for Phospholipidomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7815-7825. [PMID: 35709392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are small but critical lipids in milk. Conventional lipidomics is a powerful method for the analysis of lipids in milk. Although the number of lipidomics software has drastically increased over the past five years, reducing false positives and obtaining structurally accurate annotations of phospholipids remain a significant challenge. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate method for measuring a wide spectrum of phospholipids in milk. The developed approach that employed information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode and feature-based molecular networking has exhibited better performance on data processing and lipid annotation when compared with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) and MS-DIAL. This validated method was further evaluated using three kinds of sheep milk. A total of 150 phospholipids were identified, including rarely reported phospholipids containing ethers or vinyl ethers. The result indicated that phospholipids could be used as potential markers to distinguish sheep milk from different varieties and origins. The experimental and computational methods provide a rapid and reliable method for the investigation of phospholipids in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410200, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Pan
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410200, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410200, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanluo Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yadav M, Kapoor A, Verma A, Ambatipudi K. Functional Significance of Different Milk Constituents in Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Infant Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3929-3947. [PMID: 35324181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human milk, the gold standard for optimal nourishment, controls the microbial composition of infants by either enhancing or limiting bacterial growth. The milk fat globule membrane has gained interest in gut-related functions and cognitive development. The membrane proteins can directly interact with probiotic bacteria, influencing their survival and adhesion through gastrointestinal transit, whereas membrane phospholipids increase the residence time of probiotic bacteria in the gut. The commensal bacteria in milk act as the initial inoculum in building up the gut colonization of an infant, whereas oligosaccharides promote proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Interestingly, milk extracellular vesicles are also involved in influencing the microbiota composition but are not well-explored. This review highlights the contribution of different milk components in modulating the infant gut microbiota, particularly the fat globule membrane, and the complex interplay between host- and brain-gut microbiota signaling affecting infant and adult health positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ayushi Kapoor
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Aparna Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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11
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Yu HY, Park SE, Chun HS, Rho JR, Ahn S. Phospholipid composition analysis of krill oil through HPLC with ELSD: Development, validation, and comparison with 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Optimized Identification of Triacylglycerols in Milk by HPLC-HRMS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work has developed an optimized workflow for the targeted analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in milk by liquid chromatography coupled with a Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer. First, the effects of resolution (17,500; 35,000; 70,000; 140,000) and automatic gain control target (AGC, from 2×104, 2×105, 1×106, and 3×106) have been optimized with the goal to minimize the injection time, maximize the number of scans, and minimize the mass error. Then, the flow rate of the liquid chromatography system was also optimized by maximizing the number of theoretical plates. The resulting optimized parameters consisted of a flow rate of 200 μL/min, mass resolution of 35,000, and AGC target of 2×105. Such optimal conditions were applied for targeted TAG analysis of milk fat extracts. Up to 14 target triglycerides in milk fat were identified performing a data-dependent HPLC-HRMS-MS2 experiment (t-SIM-ddMS2). The findings reported here can be helpful for MS-based lipidomic workflows and targeted milk lipid analysis.
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13
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Zhao C, Wang T, Chen F, Sun Y, Chen G. 13C NMR detection of non-protein nitrogen substance adulteration in animal feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2453-2460. [PMID: 35122142 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Illegal adulteration of melamine in animal feed and food has been widely studied. However, the risk of using substitute non-protein nitrogen substances still exists. In this study, we developed the 13C NMR method for the detection of non-protein nitrogen substance adulteration in animal feed. Three compounds, i.e., urea, melamine, and biuret, were used for method development. We found that the chemical shifts of the characteristic peaks in the carbon spectra of high-nitrogen adulterants were all between 150 and 170 ppm, whereas the chemical shifts of real protein peptide bonds (-CO-NH-) were between 170 and 180 ppm, demonstrating a good distinction between non-protein nitrogen and authentic protein. The method for analyzing melamine, urea, and biuret was validated. The R2 values were all above 0.99 within the calibration range of 0.05-2% (w/w). The limits of quantification of urea, melamine, and biuret were 0.0120%, 0.0660%, and 0.0806%, respectively. This method involves simple sample pretreatment and rapid detection while also providing high accuracy. All the sample information obtained by NMR detection does not require strict impurity removal. Compared with a previously reported 1H NMR method, the developed 13C NMR method does not require strict moisture removal to avoid active hydrogen exchange, and the interfering peak overlap is mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Furong Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongyue Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Sun X, Zhang T, Zhao P, Tao G, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. 2D2D HILIC‐ELSD/UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS Method for Acquiring Phospholipid Profiles and the Application in
Caenorhabditis elegans. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Pinzhen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ming Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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15
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Fabritius M, Yang B. Direct infusion and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of phospholipid regioisomers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9151. [PMID: 34169571 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes that are linked to several beneficial health effects such as increasing plasma HDL cholesterol levels, improving cognitive abilities and inhibiting growth of colon cancer. The role of phospholipid (PL) regioisomers in all these health effects is, however, largely not studied due to lack of analytical methods. METHODS Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative mode produces structurally informative fragment ions resulting from differential dissociation of fatty acids (FAs) from the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, primarily high-abundance [RCOO]- ions. The fragment ion ratios obtained with different ratios of regiopure phospholipid reference compounds were used to construct calibration curves, which allow determination of regioisomeric ratios of an unknown sample. The method was developed using both direct infusion mass spectrometry (MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HILIC-MS). RESULTS The produced calibration curves have high coefficients of determination (R2 >0.98) and the fragment ion ratios in replicate analyses were very consistent. A test mixture containing 60/40% ratios of all available regioisomer pairs was analyzed to test and validate the functionality of the calibration curves. The results were accurate and reproducible. However, regioisomeric quantification of certain chromatographically overlapping compounds is restricted by the relatively wide window in precursor ion selection of the MS instrument used. CONCLUSIONS This method establishes a framework for analysis of phospholipid regioisomers. Specific regioisomers can be quantified using the existing data, and method development will continue with improving chromatographic separation and exploring the fragmentation patterns and efficiencies of different PL classes and FA combinations, ultimately to refine this method for routine analysis of natural fats and oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Fabritius
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Thum C, Roy NC, Everett DW, McNabb WC. Variation in milk fat globule size and composition: A source of bioactives for human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:87-113. [PMID: 34190660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs) are secreted from the mammalian gland and are composed of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a triple membrane structure, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The MFGM contains complex lipids and proteins reported to have nutritional, immunological, neurological and digestive functions. Human and ruminant milk are shown to share a similar MFG structure but with different size, profile and abundance of protein and polar lipids. This review summarizes the reported data on human, bovine, caprine and ovine MFG composition and concentration of bioactive components in different MFG-size fractions. A comprehensive understanding of compositional variations between milk from different species and MFG size fractions may help promote various milk sources as targeted supplements to improve human development and health. MFG size and MFGM composition are species-specific and affected by lactation, diet and breed (or maternal origin). Purification and enrichment methods for some bioactive proteins and lipids present in the MFGM have yet to be established or are not scaled sufficiently to be used to supplement human diets. To overcome this problem, MFG size selection through fractionation or herd selection may provide a convenient way to pre-enrich the MFG fraction with specific protein and lipid components to fulfill human dietary and health requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David W Everett
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Investigation of alterations in phospholipids during the production chain of infant formulas via HILIC-QTOF-MS and multivariate data analysis. Food Chem 2021; 364:130414. [PMID: 34175632 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids play a key role in infant nutrition and cognitive function. In this study, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was firstly developed to analyze the composition of phospholipids. Then we characterized and quantified phospholipids extracted from raw, pasteurized, homogenized, and spray-dried milk to investigate the effect of the technological process on the composition of the phospholipids. Results indicate that the composition of the phospholipids underwent minor changes after pasteurization, while the concentration of phospholipids was significantly affected by the spray-drying process, especially phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Multivariate data analysis further verified the results and indicated that phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids had undergone significant changes during the production chain, especially in spray-drying. This work reveals the changes of phospholipids composition during the production chain of infant formulas and serve as a reference for the subsequent optimization of infant formulas to meet nutritional need of infants.
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18
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Nielsen EN, Merkel A, Yazdi SR, Ahrné L. The effect of acid whey composition on the removal of calcium and lactate during electrodialysis. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Viswanathan MB, Price N, Wang T, Clark S. Process scale-up and technoeconomic analysis of phospholipid extraction from a dairy byproduct (whey protein phospholipid concentrate). J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8610-8617. [PMID: 34001363 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy byproducts such as whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) and buttermilk contain phospholipids (PL). A solvent extraction process (simultaneous texturization and extraction of phospholipids, STEP method) to extract PL present in WPPC, using ethanol, recovers about 70% of PL in the raw material. To understand the commercial feasibility of this technology, we simulated a scaled-up version of the process to industrial production of 3.26 kt/yr in the SuperPro Designer (version 10, http://www.intelligen.com) process simulation platform. Economic analysis revealed that PL can be produced at a minimum selling price (MSP) of $92.98/kg, using the scaled-up STEP method. The total investment on capital and annual operating costs were $15.51 million and $14.49 million, respectively. The uncertainty in product cost due to variations in process variables, including PL composition in raw material, product recovery, labor, and raw material costs was analyzed through sensitivity analysis. Phospholipids MSP was most sensitive to product recovery and its composition in WPPC. A reduction of almost 5% in MSP was achieved by improving either of the process parameters by 10%. By increasing the plant size 1.5 times, the product MSP could be decreased by 30% to $65.14/kg. Finally, based on our analysis, recommendations were made for scale-up and commercialization of PL extraction using the STEP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mothi Bharath Viswanathan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
| | - Nathan Price
- Protein Research Center, Agropur, Le Sueur, MN 56058
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-4539
| | - Stephanie Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-1061.
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20
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Raza GS, Herzig KH, Leppäluoto J. Invited review: Milk fat globule membrane-A possible panacea for neurodevelopment, infections, cardiometabolic diseases, and frailty. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7345-7363. [PMID: 33896625 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an evolutionary benefit for humans. For infants, it offers optimal nutrients for normal growth, neural development, and protection from harmful microbes. Humans are the only mammals who drink milk throughout their life. Lipids in colostrum originate mostly from milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) droplets extruded from the mammary gland. The MFGM gained much interest as a potential nutraceutical, due to their high phospholipid (PL), ganglioside (GD), and protein contents. In this review, we focused on health effects of MFGM ingredients and dairy food across the life span, especially on neurodevelopment, cardiometabolic health, and frailty in older adults. The MFGM supplements to infants and children reduced gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections and improved neurodevelopment due to the higher content of protein, PL, and GD in MFGM. The MFGM formulas containing PL and GD improved brain myelination and fastened nerve conduction speed, resulting in improved behavioral developments. Administration of MFGM-rich ingredients improved insulin sensitivity and decreased inflammatory markers, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides by lowering intestinal absorption of cholesterol and increasing its fecal excretion. The MFGM supplements, together with exercise, improved ambulatory activities, leg muscle mass, and muscle fiber velocity in older adults. There are great variations in the composition of lipids and proteins in MFGM products, which make comparisons of the different studies impossible. In addition, investigations of the individual MFGM components are required to evaluate their specific effects and molecular mechanisms. Although we are currently only beginning to understand the possible health effects of MFGM products, the current MFGM supplementation trials as presented in this review have shown significant clinical health benefits across the human life span, which are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Pediatric Institute, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Juhani Leppäluoto
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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21
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Zhang D, Duan X, Shang B, Hong Y, Sun H. Analysis of lipidomics profile of rice and changes during storage by UPLC-Q-extractive orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110214. [PMID: 33773692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of major staple food worldwide; however, lipid profile of rice and changes during storage remain unclear. Herein, an UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS method was applied for comprehensive lipidomics analysis of rice during storage. A total of 21 subclasses of 277 lipids including fatty acid (36 species), (O-acyl)-1-hydroxy fatty acid (6 species), diglyceride (16 species), triglyceride (89 species), lysophosphatidylcholine (4 species), phosphatidylcholine (14 species), phosphatidylethanolamine (28 species), phosphatidylglycerol (6 species), phosphatidylinositol (11species), cardiolipin (4 species), ceramide (8 species), hexosylceramide (20 species), dihexosylceramide (2 species), trihexosylceramide (1 species), sitosterol ester (1species), acyl hexosyl campesterol ester (5 species), acyl hexosyl sitosterol ester (6 species), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (6 species), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (9 species), monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol (2 species), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (3 species), were first identified in rice during storage. In addition, ceramide, fatty acid, (O-acyl)-1-hydroxy fatty acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine, and diglyceride were quantified. Furthermore, statistical analysis of all lipids was performed based on MetaboAnalyst software. The results showed that 22 lipids were significantly different between fresh and stored (360 and 540 days storage) rice demonstrating that lipid composition changed during storage. These different lipids involved 11 metabolic pathways, of which linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis were the most relevant. Our study provides useful information for lipidomics profile of rice during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China.
| | - Xiaoliang Duan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Bo Shang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Yu Hong
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China.
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22
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Understanding the switchable solvent extraction of phospholipids from dairy byproducts. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Luo C, DeStefano JJ, Langlois TJ, Boyes BE, Schuster SA, Godinho JM. Fundamental to achieving fast separations with high efficiency: A review of chromatography with superficially porous particles. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5087. [PMID: 33566360 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Types of particles have been fundamental to LC separation technology for many years. Originally, LC columns were packed with large-diameter (>100 μm) calcium carbonate, silica gel, or alumina particles that prohibited fast mobile-phase speeds because of the slow diffusion of sample molecules inside deep pores. During the birth of HPLC in the 1960s, superficially porous particles (SPP, ≥30 μm) were developed as the first high-speed stationary-phase support structures commercialized, which permitted faster mobile-phase flowrates due to the fast movement of sample molecules in/out of the thin shells. These initial SPPs were displaced by smaller totally porous particles (TPP) in the mid-1970s. But SPP history repeated when UHPLC emerged in the 2000s. Stationary-phase support structures made from sub-3-μm SPPs were introduced to chromatographers in 2006. The initial purpose of this modern SPP was to enable chromatographers to achieve fast separations with high efficiency using conventional HPLCs. Later, the introduction of sub-2-μm SPPs with UHPLC instruments pushed the separation speed and efficiency to a very fast zone. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive and up-to-date view on the advantages of SPP materials over TPPs historically and theoretically from the material science angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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24
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Kosmerl E, Rocha-Mendoza D, Ortega-Anaya J, Jiménez-Flores R, García-Cano I. Improving Human Health with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Bifidobacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:341. [PMID: 33572211 PMCID: PMC7914750 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), the component that surrounds fat globules in milk, and its constituents have gained significant attention for their gut function, immune-boosting properties, and cognitive-development roles. The MFGM can directly interact with probiotic bacteria, such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), through interactions with bacterial surface proteins. With these interactions in mind, increasing evidence supports a synergistic effect between MFGM and probiotics to benefit human health at all ages. This important synergy affects the survival and adhesion of probiotic bacteria through gastrointestinal transit, mucosal immunity, and neurocognitive behavior in developing infants. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the co-supplementation of MFGM and probiotics with a specific emphasis on their interactions and colocalization in dairy foods, supporting in vivo and clinical evidence, and current and future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (D.R.-M.); (J.O.-A.)
| | - Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (D.R.-M.); (J.O.-A.)
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25
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Ferraris Q, Hale J, Teigland E, Rao A, Qian MC. Phospholipid analysis in whey protein products using hydrophilic interaction high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection in an industry setting. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11079-11085. [PMID: 33222848 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to develop an analytical method that can be used in a dairy manufacturing facility for the quantitation of phospholipids in dairy products. Total lipids from a dairy matrix were obtained first by Folch extraction. The total lipid extract was then applied to a silica gel-based solid-phase extraction column, and triglycerides and other nonpolar lipids were separated from the phospholipids and sphingolipids. Quantitation was performed by hydrophilic interaction HPLC coupled to evaporative light-scattering detection using a quaternary separation method. The method was validated using a commercial whey protein phospholipid concentrate and was used to analyze phospholipid and sphingolipid composition in buttermilk, whey protein concentrate, whey protein phospholipid concentrate, and several other dairy ingredients. This method was sensitive and reproducible and can be used in the dairy industry as a research tool to develop new value-added dairy phospholipid products, then later as a standard protocol for quality assurance analysis of current and future products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Ferraris
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97330
| | - Joseph Hale
- Protein Research Center, Agropur, Le Sueur, MN 56058
| | | | - Anand Rao
- Protein Research Center, Agropur, Le Sueur, MN 56058
| | - Michael C Qian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97330.
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26
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Titania-coated fibrous silica (TiO2/KCC-1) core-shell microspheres based solid-phase extraction in clam (Corbicula fluminea) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Li S, Chen Y, Han B, Xu T, Liu T, Yi H, Zhou X, Zhang L, Liu P, Ma C, Li Y, Pan J, Jiang S. Composition and variability of phospholipids in Chinese human milk samples. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Liu C, Liu Y. Lipid Profiling and Microstructure Characteristics of Goat Milk Fat from Different Stages of Lactation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7204-7213. [PMID: 32551578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Goat milk at different lactations show varied lipids distributions, which are potentially dietary influencing factors for the health of human consumers. Herein, the effects of lactation stages (colostral, transitional, and mature stages) on lipid profiling and microstructure of goat milk fat (GMF) were investigated. A total of 359 species of triacylglycerols (TAGs), 27 species of diacylglycerols (DAGs), and 10 classes of phospholipids (PLs) were identified using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). Of importance, goat transitional milk presented the highest levels of MUFA (29.51%) and lyso-phospholipids (7.95% of total PLs) among these three different lactations. A lactation-dependent attenuation was found at the level of PUFA in goat milk, particularly long-chain PUFA ω-6. Similar behavior was observed in the total proportions of POO (16:0/18:1/18:1) and PSL (16:0/18:0/18:2), presenting a decrease from 3.70% to 3.23% as the proceeding period from colostrum to mature. The relative contents of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in goat colostrum were approximately twice and three times that in mature milk, respectively. Unlikely, both PMCy+MCaM (16:0/14:0/8:0 + 14:0/10:0/14:0) and BuPO (4:0/16:0/18:1) TAGs, the foremost saturated and monounsaturated TAGs in goat colostrum, respectively, showed upward trends over the period from colostrum to mature. Interestingly, no significant variation in milk fat globule morphology was monitored at different lactation periods. Therefore, all our results demonstrated that the main influences of lactation stages on GMF were the lipid profiling, providing a theoretical guidance for rational implement of lipids in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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29
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Price N, Wan Z, Fei T, Clark S, Wang T. Development of Industrially Scalable Method for Phospholipids and Branch‐Chain Fatty Acids of Dairy by‐Product. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Price
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University 2312 Food Science Building, Ames IA 50011‐1061 USA
| | - Zifan Wan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University 2312 Food Science Building, Ames IA 50011‐1061 USA
- Department of Food Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996‐4539 USA
| | - Tao Fei
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University 2312 Food Science Building, Ames IA 50011‐1061 USA
- Department of Food Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996‐4539 USA
| | - Stephanie Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University 2312 Food Science Building, Ames IA 50011‐1061 USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University 2312 Food Science Building, Ames IA 50011‐1061 USA
- Department of Food Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996‐4539 USA
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30
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Liu Z, Li C, Pryce J, Rochfort S. Comprehensive Characterization of Bovine Milk Lipids: Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Glycolipids, and Ceramides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6726-6738. [PMID: 32369354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey on phospholipids (PLs), sphingolipids, glycolipids, and ceramides (Cer) of bovine milk was conducted by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. A total of 514 species belonging to 15 classes were identified by an automated search tool (LipidSearch) and a manual analysis of MS2 spectra. Over 60 species were detected for the classes of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin (SM), between 20 and 45 species for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA), and lactosylceramide (LacCer), and between 7 and 20 species for phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lyso-phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, glucosylceramide (GluCer), PC-plasmalogen (PC-P), PE-plasmalogen, ganglioside, and Cer. The structural assignment for PL classes is straightforward based on class-specific product ion/neutral losses and fatty acid-related product ions. By contrast, structural determination of lipid classes containing a backbone of sphingoid bases (SM, GluCer, LacCer, ganglioside, and Cer) is much more challenging, and combining MS2/MS3 information acquired in both positive and negative modes is sometimes needed. The quantification of all 15 classes of lipids was performed at the species level. A large variation in abundance was observed across the lipid classes; PC, PE, and SM are the most abundant polar lipid classes, with concentrations reaching 120, 150, and 90 μmol/L, respectively, whereas PA, PG, and PC-P are present at very low levels (<1.5 μmol/L) and the remaining classes at an intermediate level (2-45 μmol/L). This is the first comprehensive characterization of minor lipid classes from bovine milk and the information provided can be used as a reference for studying milk lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Cheng Li
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jennie Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Anto L, Warykas SW, Torres-Gonzalez M, Blesso CN. Milk Polar Lipids: Underappreciated Lipids with Emerging Health Benefits. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1001. [PMID: 32260440 PMCID: PMC7230917 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is encased in a polar lipid-containing tri-layer milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), composed of phospholipids (PLs) and sphingolipids (SLs). Milk PLs and SLs comprise about 1% of total milk lipids. The surfactant properties of PLs are important for dairy products; however, dairy products vary considerably in their polar lipid to total lipid content due to the existence of dairy foods with different fat content. Recent basic science and clinical research examining food sources and health effects of milk polar lipids suggest they may beneficially influence dysfunctional lipid metabolism, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, gut health, and neurodevelopment. However, more research is warranted in clinical studies to confirm these effects in humans. Overall, there are a number of potential effects of consuming milk polar lipids, and they should be considered as food matrix factors that may directly confer health benefits and/or impact effects of other dietary lipids, with implications for full-fat vs. reduced-fat dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Anto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.A.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Sarah Wen Warykas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.A.); (S.W.W.)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (L.A.); (S.W.W.)
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32
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Shi C, Guo H, Wu T, Tao N, Wang X, Zhong J. Effect of three types of thermal processing methods on the lipidomics profile of tilapia fillets by UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 298:125029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Zhu D, Hayman A, Kebede B, Stewart I, Chen G, Frew R. 31P NMR-Based Phospholipid Fingerprinting of Powdered Infant Formula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10265-10272. [PMID: 31423777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infant formula (IF), regarded as the optimal substitute for human breast milk, is very important for infant growth and development. Phospholipids (PLs) are ubiquitous components of infant formula as they have good emulsifier properties in addition to their nutritional and biological functions. In this study, the PL contents in four different commercial IF brands (indicated as A, M, O, and W) were characterized and quantified using optimized 31P NMR spectroscopy. PLs (nine) were identified and quantified, and among these, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin occurred at lower concentrations (5.72 and 8.89 mg/100 g, respectively) in IFs from brand O, whereas phosphatidic acid was higher (2.83 mg/100 g) in IFs from brand W. In summary, 31P NMR spectroscopy, combined with the multivariate data analysis, proved to be an effective analytical toolbox for evaluating the PL contents in IF and the comparative differences between IF brands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081 , China
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34
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Parchem K, Sasson S, Ferreri C, Bartoszek A. Qualitative analysis of phospholipids and their oxidised derivatives - used techniques and examples of their applications related to lipidomic research and food analysis. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1068-1100. [PMID: 31419920 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1657573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are important biomolecules that not only constitute structural building blocks and scaffolds of cell and organelle membranes but also play a vital role in cell biochemistry and physiology. Moreover, dietary exogenous PLs are characterised by high nutritional value and other beneficial health effects, which are confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. For this reason, PLs are of high interest in lipidomics that targets both the analysis of membrane lipid distribution as well as correlates composition of lipids with their effects on functioning of cells, tissues and organs. Lipidomic assessments follow-up the changes occurring in living organisms, such as free radical attack and oxidative modifications of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) build in PL structures. Oxidised PLs (oxPLs) can be generated exogenously and supplied to organisms with processed food or formed endogenously as a result of oxidative stress. Cellular and tissue oxPLs can be a biomarker predictive of the development of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis or neuroinflammation. Therefore, suitable high-throughput analytical techniques, which enable comprehensive analysis of PL molecules in terms of the structure of hydrophilic group, fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative modifications of FAs, have been currently developed. This review addresses all aspects of PL analysis, including lipid isolation, chromatographic separation of PL classes and species, as well as their detection. The bioinformatic tools that enable handling of a large amount of data generated during lipidomic analysis are also discussed. In addition, imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging for analysis of cellular lipid maps, including membrane PLs, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Parchem
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Cheng S, Rathnakumar K, Martínez-Monteagudo SI. Extraction of Dairy Phospholipids Using Switchable Solvents: A Feasibility Study. Foods 2019; 8:foods8070265. [PMID: 31323821 PMCID: PMC6678266 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A tertiary amine (N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, CyNMe2) was used as a switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) for extracting phospholipids (PLs) from raw cream (RC), buttermilk (BM), concentrated buttermilk (CBM), and beta-serum (BS). The SHS extractions were performed with varying solvent-sample weight ratio at room temperature. The extracted PLs using CyNMe2 were recovered by bubbling CO2 at atmospheric pressure, switching the CyNMe2 into its respective salt. For comparison, the PLs were also extracted using Folch (FE) and Mojonnier (ME) extraction. The extraction efficiency of SHS varied from 0.33% to 99%, depending on the type of byproduct. The SHS extracted up to 99% of the PLs directly from BM, while only 11.37% ± 0.57% and 2.66% ± 0.56% of the PLs were extracted with FE and ME, respectively. These results demonstrate the applicability of SHS for the extraction of PLs from dairy byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyun Cheng
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Alfred Dairy Science Hall, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Kaavya Rathnakumar
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Alfred Dairy Science Hall, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Sergio I Martínez-Monteagudo
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Alfred Dairy Science Hall, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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36
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Development and validation of a novel UPLC-ELSD method for the assessment of lipid composition of nanomedicine formulation. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:11-23. [PMID: 31112794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanocarriers incorporating glycerides, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stearates and phospholipids have attracted great attention for in vivo diagnostic, in vivo imaging, activated or non-activated targeted drug delivery. For quality control purposes, the development of appropriate methods for the quantification of their lipid components is needed. In the present study, we developed an analytical method for lipid quantification in formulated nanoparticles. PEG-stearates and glycerides were analyzed in a single run by RP-UPLC-ELSD using a two-step gradient elution program, while the analysis of phospholipids was accomplished by HILIC-UPLC-ELSD after isolation using an SPE silica column. Using both isolated compounds and commercial lipid standards, calibration curves were produced using second-order polynomials to attain the quantitative evaluation of each lipid excipient. Relative standard deviation of all analytes was between 0.9% and 5.3% for intra-day precision and recovery ranged from 83.5% to 112.2%. The presented method was successfully implemented to study the manufacturing process and stability of the formulated lipid excipients during long-term storage and accelerated conditions. The formulation lipid yield was determined and found equal to 82.5%.
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37
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Khoury S, Canlet C, Lacroix MZ, Berdeaux O, Jouhet J, Bertrand-Michel J. Quantification of Lipids: Model, Reality, and Compromise. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E174. [PMID: 30558107 PMCID: PMC6316828 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are key molecules in various biological processes, thus their quantification is a crucial point in a lot of studies and should be taken into account in lipidomics development. This family is complex and presents a very large diversity of structures, so analyzing and quantifying all this diversity is a real challenge. In this review, the different techniques to analyze lipids will be presented: from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to mass spectrometry (with and without chromatography) including universal detectors. First of all, the state of the art of quantification, with the definitions of terms and protocol standardization, will be presented with quantitative lipidomics in mind, and then technical considerations and limitations of analytical chemistry's tools, such as NMR, mass spectrometry and universal detectors, will be discussed, particularly in terms of absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro Khoury
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon, France.
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, F-31027 Toulouse, France.
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, F-31027 Toulouse, France.
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon, France.
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- French LipidomYstes Network, 31000 Toulouse, France.
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, I2MC U1048, Inserm, 31432 Toulouse, France.
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38
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Price N, Fei T, Clark S, Wang T. Extraction of phospholipids from a dairy by-product (whey protein phospholipid concentrate) using ethanol. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8778-8787. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Li X, He Q, Hou H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han L, Liu K. Targeted lipidomics profiling of marine phospholipids from different resources by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:107-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Detection of Phosphatidylcholine Content in Crude Oil with Bio-Enzyme Screen-Printed Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Phospholipid molecular species composition of Chinese traditional low-salt fermented fish inoculated with different starter cultures. Food Res Int 2018; 111:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Cheema M, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Hristov A, Harte FM. The association of lipophilic phospholipids with native bovine casein micelles in skim milk: Effect of lactation stage and casein micelle size. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8672-8687. [PMID: 30031576 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A known biological role of casein micelles is to transport calcium from mother to young and provide amino acids for growth and development. Previous reports demonstrated that modified casein micelles can be used to transport and deliver hydrophobic probes. In this study, the distribution of lipid-soluble phospholipids, including sphingomyelins (SM) and phosphatidylcholines (PC), was quantified in whole raw milk, skim raw milk, and casein micelles of various sizes during early, mid, and late lactation stages. Low-pressure size exclusion chromatography was used to separate casein micelles by size, followed by hydrophobic extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantification of PC and SM. Results showed that the SM d18:1/23:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/16:0, d16:1/22:0, d16:1/23:0, and d18:1/24:0 and the PC 16:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 16:0/16:0 were dominating candidates appearing in maximum concentration in whole raw milk obtained from late lactation, with 21 to 50% of total SM and 16 to 35% of total PC appearing in skim milk. Of the total SM and PC found in skim milk, 35 to 46% of SM and 22 to 29% of PC were associated with the casein micelle fraction. The highest concentrations of SM d18:1/22:0 (341 ± 17 µg/g of casein protein) and PC 16:0/18:1 (180 ± 20 µg/g of casein protein) were found to be associated with the largest casein micelles (diameter = 149 nm) isolated in milk from late lactation, followed by a decrease in concentration as the casein micelle size decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cheema
- Department of Food Science, University Park 16802
| | - P B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park 16802
| | - A D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University Park 16802
| | - A Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - F M Harte
- Department of Food Science, University Park 16802.
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43
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Jiang C, Ma B, Song S, Lai OM, Cheong LZ. Fingerprinting of Phospholipid Molecular Species from Human Milk and Infant Formula Using HILIC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS and Discriminatory Analysis by Principal Component Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7131-7138. [PMID: 29902005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid composition in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fluctuates during the entire lactation period in order to suit the growing needs of newborn infants. The present study elucidated and relatively quantified phospholipid molecular species extracted from human milk (HM), mature human milk (MHM), and infant formulas (with or without MFGM supplementation) using hydrophilic liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS) system. Principal component analysis was used to clarify the differences between phospholipid composition in HM, MHM, and infant formulas. HM and MHM contained high concentrations of sphingomyeline (HM: 107.61 μg/mL, MHM: 227.18 μg/mL), phosphatidylcholine (HM: 59.96 μg/mL, MHM: 50.77 μg/mL), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (HM: 25.24 μg/mL, MHM: 31.76 μg/mL). Significant concentrations (<300 ng/mL) of arachidonic, eicosapentanoic, and docosahexanoic acids were found to esterify to PE in HM and MHM. Meanwhile, all infant formulas were found to contain high concentrations of phosphatidic acids indicating the possibility of degradation of the fortified MFGM either during processing or storage of the infant formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Science , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Baokai Ma
- School of Life and Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Oi-Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Bimolecular Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Science , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
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Liu Z, Rochfort S, Cocks B. Milk lipidomics: What we know and what we don't. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Solid-phase extraction of phospholipids using mesoporous silica nanoparticles: application to human milk samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4847-4854. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Donato P, Micalizzi G, Oteri M, Rigano F, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comprehensive lipid profiling in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) using hyphenated and multidimensional chromatography techniques coupled to mass spectrometry detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3297-3313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Polymer-based materials modified with magnetite nanoparticles for enrichment of phospholipids. Talanta 2018; 180:162-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Liang P, Li R, Sun H, Zhang M, Cheng W, Chen L, Cheng X, Akoh CC. Phospholipids composition and molecular species of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roe. Food Chem 2018; 245:806-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Ali AH, Wei W, Abed SM, Korma SA, Mousa AH, Hassan HM, Jin Q, Wang X. Impact of technological processes on buffalo and bovine milk fat crystallization behavior and milk fat globule membrane phospholipids profile. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Calvano CD, Glaciale M, Palmisano F, Cataldi TRI. Glycosphingolipidomics of donkey milk by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to ESI and multistage MS. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1634-1644. [PMID: 29460962 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to negative-ion electrospray linear ion-trap multiple-stage MS (HILIC-ESI-MSn , n = 2,3) was used to characterize polar lipids occurring in donkey milk. Besides the detection of abundant phospholipids, the structural characterization and content evaluation of minor glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were assessed. We report an unprecedented characterization of 11 hexosyl-ceramides (HexCer), 10 Hex2 Cer, and 4 Hex3 Cer. CID-MS/MS spectra in negative ion mode mainly afford information on the monosaccharide number and ceramide constitution (i.e., N-acyl residue and long-chain base), whereas MS/MS/MS spectra on the ceramide anions allow to recognize for each GSL the sphingoid base. The occurrence of sphingosine (S), sphinganine (DS), and phytosphingosine (P) was inferred from the fragmentation patterns. The milk samples exhibit a relatively high number of phytosphingosine substitutes, perhaps because of the feeding of donkeys, mainly based on pasture grass. However, the incidence of hydroxylated species on the α-carbon of the acyl chain was also revealed. The fatty acid composition of N-acyl chains showed high values of long-chain saturated fatty acids such as 20:0, 22:0, 23:0, and 24:0. An average content of GSL is also provided and three representative mono-, di-, and tri-HexCer in donkey milk are the following: HexCer 18:0/24:1 phytosphingosine nonhydroxylated [PN] at m/z 862.6 as chloride adduct [M+Cl]- , and content 225.9 ± 2.8 μg 100 mL-1 ; Hex2 Cer 18:0/16:0 sphinganine nonhydroxylated [DSN] at m/z 862.7 as deprotonated adduct [M-H]- , and content 70.8 ± 1.4 μg 100 mL-1 ; and Hex3 Cer 18:1/24:1 [SN] at m/z 1132.8 as [M-H]- , and content 38.5 ± 0.7 μg 100 mL-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Glaciale
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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