1
|
Luo C, DeStefano JJ, Langlois TJ, Boyes BE, Schuster SA, Godinho JM. Fundamental to achieving fast separations with high efficiency: A review of chromatography with superficially porous particles. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5087. [PMID: 33566360 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Types of particles have been fundamental to LC separation technology for many years. Originally, LC columns were packed with large-diameter (>100 μm) calcium carbonate, silica gel, or alumina particles that prohibited fast mobile-phase speeds because of the slow diffusion of sample molecules inside deep pores. During the birth of HPLC in the 1960s, superficially porous particles (SPP, ≥30 μm) were developed as the first high-speed stationary-phase support structures commercialized, which permitted faster mobile-phase flowrates due to the fast movement of sample molecules in/out of the thin shells. These initial SPPs were displaced by smaller totally porous particles (TPP) in the mid-1970s. But SPP history repeated when UHPLC emerged in the 2000s. Stationary-phase support structures made from sub-3-μm SPPs were introduced to chromatographers in 2006. The initial purpose of this modern SPP was to enable chromatographers to achieve fast separations with high efficiency using conventional HPLCs. Later, the introduction of sub-2-μm SPPs with UHPLC instruments pushed the separation speed and efficiency to a very fast zone. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive and up-to-date view on the advantages of SPP materials over TPPs historically and theoretically from the material science angle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaplitz AS, Kresge GA, Selover B, Horvat L, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias KM, Foster SW, Davis JJ, Grinias JP. High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 92:67-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Glenn A. Kresge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Benjamin Selover
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Leah Horvat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | | | - Justin M. Godinho
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19810, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Grinias
- Analytical Platforms & Platform Modernization, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Samuel W. Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joshua J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
One-pot synthesis of SiO2@SiO2 core-shell microspheres with controllable mesopore size as a new stationary phase for fast HPLC separation of alkyl benzenes and β-agonists. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:125. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
The high performance of chemically-modified silica gel packing materials is based on the utilization of pure silica gels. Earlier silica gels used to be made from inorganic silica; however, nowadays, silica gels are made from organic silanes. The surface smoothness and lack of trace metals of new silica gels permits easy surface modifications (chemical reactions) and improves the reproducibility and stability. Sharpening peak symmetry is based on developing better surface modification methods (silylation). Typical examples can be found in the chromatography of amitriptyline for silanol testing and that of quinizarin for trace metal testing. These test compounds were selected and demonstrated sensitive results in the measurement of trace amounts of either silanol or trace metals. Here, we demonstrate the three-dimensional model chemical structures of bonded-phase silica gels with surface electron density for easy understanding of the molecular interaction sites with analytes. Furthermore, a quantitative explanation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic liquid chromatographies was provided. The synthesis methods of superficially porous silica gels and their modified products were introduced.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen W, Mack A, Sachok B, Jiang K, Wang X. Performance of Optimized Wide Pore Superficially Porous Particles for Separation of Proteins and Immunoglobulin G Antibodies. J Chromatogr Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522182 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we studied the chromatographic performance of this newly developed wide pore superficially porous particles (SPPs) with 3.5 μm particle size and 450 Å pore size, for the separation of proteins and Immunoglobulin G antibodies. We studied the selectivity of different phases (C4, SB-C18 and Diphenyl), the effect of temperature, column carryover and column chemical lifetime. We also compared our SPPs with other wide pore SPPs in similar particle sizes and sub 2 µ wide pore totally porous particles by van Deemter studies and gradient separations of proteins and immunoglobulin G antibodies. The results showed that the SPPs containing larger pore size gave better chromatographic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Anne Mack
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Bo Sachok
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Kunqiang Jiang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maier RS, Schure MR. Transport properties and size exclusion effects in wide-pore superficially porous particles. Chem Eng Sci 2018; 185:243-255. [PMID: 30613108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hydrodynamic radius on the transport of solute molecules in packed beds of wide-pore superficially porous particles (SPP) are studied using pore-scale simulation. The free molecular diffusion rate varies with radius through the Stokes-Einstein relation. Lattice Boltzmann and Langevin methods are used to model fluid motion and the transport of an ensemble of solute molecules in the fluid, providing statistics on solute concentration, flux, molecule age and residence time, as a function of depth in the SPP. Intraparticle effective diffusion and bed dispersion coefficients are calculated and correlated with the hydrodynamic radius and accessible porosity. The relative importance of convection and diffusion are found to depend on the molecule (tracer) size through the diffusion rate, and convection effects are more significant for larger, slower-diffusing molecules. When larger molecules are utilized, the intraparticle concentration is reduced in proportion to the local particle porosity, leading to a natural definition of the accessible porosity used in size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Although the pore shape is complex, the SEC constant K can be calculated directly from simulation. Simulation demonstrates that the effective diffusion coefficient is elevated near the particle hull, which is largely open to interstitial flow, and decreases with depth into the particle. All molecules studied here have transport access to the entire particle depth, although the accessible volume at a given depth depends on their size. The first passage time into the particle is well predicted by the diffusion rate, but residence time is influenced by convection, shortening the average visit duration. These results are of interest in "perfusion" chromatography where convection is thought to increase separation efficiency for large biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Maier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0132, USA
| | - Mark R Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, Kroungold Analytical Inc., 1299 Butler Pike, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin Q, Kahsay G, de Waal T, Zhu P, Tam M, Teughels R, Wang W, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Improved liquid chromatographic method for quality control of spiramycin using superficially porous particles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Wei B, Zhang B, Boyes B, Zhang YT. Reversed-phase chromatography with large pore superficially porous particles for high throughput immunoglobulin G 2 disulfide isoform separation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Sedimentation assisted preparation of ground particles of silica monolith and their C18 modification resulting in a chromatographic phase of improved separation efficiency. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1525:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
10
|
Ali A, Cheong WJ. Production of Raw and Ligand-modified Silica Monolith Particles in an Enhanced Scale and their Application in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fibigr J, Šatínský D, Solich P. A new approach to the rapid separation of isomeric compounds in a Silybum marianum extract using UHPLC core-shell column with F5 stationary phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:203-213. [PMID: 27915198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method using a core-shell column with a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase for separation of seven active compounds of a Silybum marianum extract was developed and validated. Silymarin, an extract of Silybum marianum, is known for its abilities to protect the liver from toxic substances, hepatitis therapy, and anti-tumour activity. Silymarin is currently being widely used in commercial preparations and herbal teas. Separation of seven compounds contained in the Silybum marianum extract (taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B) and other substances occurring in real samples was performed on the Kinetex 1.7μ F5 100A (150×2.1mm), 1.7μm particle size core-shell column, with a mobile phase methanol/100mM phosphate buffer pH 2.0 according to the gradient program. A mobile phase 0.35mLmin-1 flow rate and 50°C temperature was used for the separation. The detection wavelength was set at 288nm. Under optimal chromatographic conditions, good linearity with a correlation coefficient of R2 >0.999 for all compounds was achieved. The available commercial samples of herbal teas and food supplements were extracted with methanol using an ultrasonic bath. After dilution with water and centrifugation, a 2μL sample of the filtered supernatant was directly injected into the UHPLC system. The use of a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase with methanol as the organic component of the mobile phase showed new ways to effectively separate isomeric compounds in herbal extracts, which could not be done with the conventional C18 stationary phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fibigr
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Šatínský
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czechia.
| | - Petr Solich
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schure MR, Moran RE. Size exclusion chromatography with superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:11-19. [PMID: 28007299 PMCID: PMC5266604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A comparison is made using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) of synthetic polymers between fully porous particles (FPPs) and superficially porous particles (SPPs) with similar particle diameters, pore sizes and equal flow rates. Polystyrene molecular weight standards with a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran are utilized for all measurements conducted with standard HPLC equipment. Although it is traditionally thought that larger pore volume is thermodynamically advantageous in SEC for better separations, SPPs have kinetic advantages and these will be shown to compensate for the loss in pore volume compared to FPPs. The comparison metrics include the elution range (smaller with SPPs), the plate count (larger for SPPs), the rate production of theoretical plates (larger for SPPs) and the specific resolution (larger with FPPs). Advantages to using SPPs for SEC are discussed such that similar separations can be conducted faster using SPPs. SEC using SPPs offers similar peak capacities to that using FPPs but with faster operation. This also suggests that SEC conducted in the second dimension of a two-dimensional liquid chromatograph may benefit with reduced run time and with equivalently reduced peak width making SPPs advantageous for sampling the first dimension by the second dimension separator. Additional advantages are discussed for biomolecules along with a discussion of optimization criteria for size-based separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, Kroungold Analytical, Inc., 1299 Butler Pike, Blue Bell, PA, 19422 USA.
| | - Robert E Moran
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Road, Suite 1-K, Quillen Building, Wilmington, DE, 19810, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin HR, Hu A, Lai MJ, Chiang CW, Liao CC, Chang KC. Rapid and sensitive detection of carbapenemase activity in Acinetobacter baumannii using superficially porous liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016; 49:910-917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Advances in LC: bioanalytical method transfer. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1837-44. [PMID: 27491842 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three main reasons for transferring from an existing bioanalytical assay to an alternative chromatographic method: speed, cost and sensitivity. These represent a challenge to the analyst in that there is an interplay between these three considerations and one factor is often improved at the expense of another. These three factors act as drivers to encourage technology development and support its uptake. The more recently introduced chromatographic technologies may show significant improvements against one of more of these factors relative to conventional 4.6-mm id reversed-phase HPLC. In this article, some of these new chromatographic approaches will be considered in terms of what they can offer the bioanalysts.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mant CT, Hodges RS. Separation of Peptides on HALO 2‐Micron Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 85:11.6.1-11.6.16. [DOI: 10.1002/cpps.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Aurora Colorado
| | - Robert S. Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Aurora Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wei TC, Mack A, Chen W, Liu J, Dittmann M, Wang X, Barber WE. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a superficially porous particle with unique, elongated pore channels normal to the surface. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Fibigr J, Šatínský D, Havlíková L, Solich P. A new method for rapid determination of indole-3-carbinol and its condensation products in nutraceuticals using core–shell column chromatography method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:383-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
Preti R, Antonelli ML, Bernacchia R, Vinci G. Fast determination of biogenic amines in beverages by a core–shell particle column. Food Chem 2015; 187:555-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Langsi VK, Ashu-Arrah BA, Glennon JD. Sub-2-μm seeded growth mesoporous thin shell particles for high-performance liquid chromatography: Synthesis, functionalisation and characterisation. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1402:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Lin GH, Chang CY, Lin HR. Systematic profiling of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in bacteria using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:53-8. [PMID: 25746752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is produced from tryptophan through five synthesis pathways. A comprehensive method for the quantification of IAA and biosynthesis-related intermediates in a culture medium was developed. Sample preparation was simple with protein precipitation. The analytes were separated on a superficially porous C18 silica column and detected by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The limit of detection was 0.05 μM, and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 2 μM. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were less than 13.96%. Ion suppression was observed, and the deuterated internal standards were used to compensate for the matrix effect. The method was applied to analyze changes in tryptophan catabolism in a culture medium of Pseudomonas putida. The proposed method is robust and suitable for the systematic profiling of IAA biosynthesis in culture supernatant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Huey Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ru Lin
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, 701 Section 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dolzan MD, Spudeit DA, Breitbach ZS, Barber WE, Micke GA, Armstrong DW. Comparison of superficially porous and fully porous silica supports used for a cyclofructan 6 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:124-30. [PMID: 25260342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new HILIC stationary phase comprised of native cyclofructan-6 (CF6) bonded to superficially porous silica particles (2.7μm) was developed. Its performance was evaluated and compared to fully porous silica particles with 5μm (commercially available as FRULIC-N) and 3μm diameters. Faster and more efficient chromatography was achieved with the superficially porous particles (SPPs). The columns were also evaluated in the normal phase mode. The peak efficiency, analysis time, resolution, and overall separation capabilities in both HILIC and normal phase modes were compared. The analysis times using the superficially porous based column in HILIC mode were shorter and the theoretical plates/min were higher over the entire range of flow rates studied. The column containing the superficially porous particles demonstrated higher optimum flow rates than the fully porous particle packed columns. At higher flow rates, the advantages of the superficially porous particles was more pronounced in normal phase separations than in HILIC, clearly demonstrating the influence that the mode of chromatography has on band broadening. However, the minimum reduced plate heights (hmin) were typically lower in HILIC than in the normal phase mode. Overall, the superficially porous particle based CF6 column showed clear advantages over the fully porous particle columns, in terms of high throughput and efficient separations of polar compounds in the HILIC mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maressa D Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Spudeit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - William E Barber
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Gustavo A Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lombardo-Agüí M, Cruces-Blanco C, García-Campaña AM, Gámiz-Gracia L. Multiresidue analysis of quinolones in water by ultra-high perfomance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using a simple and effective sample treatment. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2145-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lombardo-Agüí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Campus Fuentenueva; Granada Spain
| | - Carmen Cruces-Blanco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Campus Fuentenueva; Granada Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Campus Fuentenueva; Granada Spain
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Campus Fuentenueva; Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Borges EM, Rostagno MA, Meireles MAA. Sub-2 μm fully porous and partially porous (core–shell) stationary phases for reversed phase liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for increased throughput and superior performance has increased the demand for stationary phases with improved kinetic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endler M. Borges
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)
- Núcleo Biotecnológico. Rua Paese
- Videira-SC, Brasil
| | - Mauricio A. Rostagno
- LASEFI
- Department of Food Engineering
- School of Food Engineering
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Campinas, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI
- Department of Food Engineering
- School of Food Engineering
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu X, You L, Di B, Hao W, Su M, Gu Y, Shen L. Novel chiral core–shell silica microspheres with trans-(1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane bridged in the mesoporous shell: Synthesis, characterization and application in high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Molecular Shape Selectivity for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds on a Core–Shell Octadecylsilica Stationary Phase at Subambient Column Temperatures. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Lazar IM, Kabulski JL. Microfluidic LC device with orthogonal sample extraction for on-chip MALDI-MS detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2055-65. [PMID: 23592150 PMCID: PMC4123744 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device that enables on-chip matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) detection for liquid chromatography (LC) separations is described. The device comprises an array of functional elements to carry out LC separations, integrates a novel microchip-MS interface to facilitate the orthogonal transposition of the microfluidic LC channel into an array of reservoirs, and enables sensitive MALDI-MS detection directly from the chip. Essentially, the device provides a snapshot MALDI-MS map of the content of the separation channel present on the chip. The detection of proteins with biomarker potential from MCF10A breast epithelial cell extracts, and detection limits in the low fmol range, are demonstrated. In addition, the design of the novel LC-MALDI-MS chip entices the promotion of a new concept for performing sample separations within the limited time-frame that accompanies the dead-volume of a separation channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Simultaneous quantification of amphetamine, opiates, ketamine and relative metabolites in urine for confirmatory analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 929:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
28
|
Pre-column incubation followed by fast liquid chromatography analysis for rapid screening of natural methylglyoxal scavengers directly from herbal medicines: Case study of Polygonum cuspidatum. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
29
|
Nesterenko EP, Nesterenko PN, Connolly D, He X, Floris P, Duffy E, Paull B. Nano-particle modified stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:4229-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
El-Khoury JM, Bicer F, Bunch DR, Yuan C, Wang S. Does Paricalcitol (Zemplar®) interfere with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D measurement by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays? Clin Chim Acta 2012; 415:230-2. [PMID: 23142648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Wang F, Min Y, Geng X. Fast separations of intact proteins by liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3033-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yi Min
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xindu Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Destefano JJ, Schuster SA, Lawhorn JM, Kirkland JJ. Performance characteristics of new superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:76-83. [PMID: 22939204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Superficially porous particles (also called Fused-Core, core shell or porous shell particles) show distinct advantages over comparable totally porous particles for separating small molecules. Columns of Fused-Core particles exhibit very high efficiency because of superior eddy dispersion properties (smaller van Deemter A term). The efficiency for columns of 2.7 μm Fused-Core particles actually rivals that for sub-2 μm totally porous particles with only about one-half the back pressure. These Fused-Core particles show special advantages with larger molecules for fast separations at high mobile phase velocities because of superior mass transfer (kinetic) properties (smaller van Deemter C term). This report describes the effect of different particle size and porous shell thicknesses on chromatographic performance for Fused-Core particles. Particle characteristics can significantly affect factors of separation importance. For example, the reduced plate height of packed columns is affected by particle diameter. Interestingly, larger Fused-Core particles show smaller reduced plate heights than smaller Fused-Core particles. Also, porous shell thickness has a strong effect on solute retention as well as separation efficiency, and particle surface area has a direct influence on sample loading characteristics. Fused-Core particles with a wide range of physical characteristics have been developed that allows the preparation of stable, efficient packed columns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Destefano
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|