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Pérez-Padilla Y, Aguilar-Vega M, Uc-Cayetano EG, Esparza-Ruiz A, Yam-Cervantes MA, Muñoz-Rodríguez D. Evaluation of Organofunctionalized Polydimethylsiloxane Films for the Extraction of Furanic Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2851. [PMID: 37447497 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid membranes with three different thicknesses, PMDS_C1, PMDS_C2, and PMDS_C3 (0.21 ± 0.03 mm, 0.31 ± 0.05 mm, and 0.48 ± 0.07 mm), were synthesized by the sol-gel method using polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxy-terminated, and cyanopropyltriethoxysilane. The presence of cyano, methyl, and silicon-methyl groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Contact angle analysis revealed the membranes' hydrophilic nature. Solvent resistance tests conducted under vortex and ultrasonic treatments (45 and 60 min) demonstrated a preference order of acetonitrile > methanol > water. Furthermore, the membranes exhibited stability over 48 h when exposed to different pH conditions (1, 3, 6, and 9), with negligible mass losses below 1%. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the material was stable until 400 °C. Finally, the sorption analysis showed its capacity to detect furfural, 2-furylmethylketone, 5-methylfurfural, and 2-methyl 2-furoate. The thicker membrane was able to adsorb and slightly desorb a higher concentration of furanic compounds due to its high polarity provided by the addition of the cyano groups. The results indicated that the membranes may be suitable for sorbent materials in extracting and enriching organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamile Pérez-Padilla
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 1361, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida C.P. 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Vega
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 Por 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Erbin Guillermo Uc-Cayetano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 1361, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida C.P. 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Adriana Esparza-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 1361, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida C.P. 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marcial Alfredo Yam-Cervantes
- Departamento de Proyectos en Ingeniería, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15, No. 36, Entre 10 y 12, IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24040, Campeche, Mexico
| | - David Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 1361, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida C.P. 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
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Morales N, Thickett SC, Maya F. Sponge-nested polymer monolith sorptive extraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463668. [PMID: 36463645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer monoliths are an alternative to traditional particle-packed supports used in solid-phase extraction because of their ease of preparation, high porosity, and pH stability. They often required the attachment of monoliths to a support, such as the internal walls of a column to enable their use for sample preparation. Applications of free-standing polymer monoliths are rarely found because of their limited mechanical stability. Herein, divinylbenzene monoliths were polymerised within a commercial melamine-formaldehyde sponge using different polymerisation times. The sponge-nested polymer monoliths are highly robust, and their size and shape can be easily adjusted for desired applications. The prepared sponge-nested polymer monoliths had surface areas in the range of 237 m2 g-1 to 369 m2 g-1. A melamine-formaldehyde sponge cut into 1 cm3 cubes were used to template the polymer monoliths. Miniaturized monoliths with a size of 0.125 cm3 were directly cut from the larger cubes without compromising the integrity of the porous monolith structure. The resulting nested monolith sorptive extraction (NMSE) supports were applied for the extraction of the endocrine disruptors bisphenol A, 4-tert-butylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol. The prepared sponge-nested monoliths are low-cost (40 monoliths/AU$). NMSE was carried out by the direct immersion of the monoliths in the aqueous standards/samples, requiring only an orbital shaker for the extraction procedure. Best performance was obtained for polymer monoliths polymerized for 6 h, enabling limits of detection of 5.6 to 6.5 µg L-1 for the selected analysis using HPLC-UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Morales
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Nadal JC, Catalá-Icardo M, Borrull F, Herrero-Martínez JM, Marcé RM, Fontanals N. Weak anion-exchange mixed-mode materials to selectively extract acidic compounds by stir bar sorptive extraction from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462748. [PMID: 34965484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the first example of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based magnet coated with weak anion exchange (WAX) monolith as novel support for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is presented. Firstly, the PTFE magnets were properly modified and vinylized in order to immobilize polymer monoliths onto its surface. Then, a glycidyl methacrylate monolith was prepared and modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) to create weak anion exchanger via ring opening reaction of epoxy groups. The prepared covalently immobilized EDA-modified monoliths onto PTFE magnet exhibited good stability and reusability. Application of resulting material as stir bar for SBSE was investigated for a series of acidic compounds that includes acesulfame, saccharin, diclofenac or ibuprofen, among others as target compounds. Firstly, the SBSE conditions were optimized to promote the WAX interactions with the target compounds achieving recoveries from 37 to 75% and enable the selective extraction of these compounds as it provided values of% matrix effect from 17 to -13% when they were determined by SBSE followed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical methodology, was then validated and applied for the determination of the target solutes in environmental water samples, which were found at concentration up to 2500 ng L-1 in river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Nadal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mónica Catalá-Icardo
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, Grao de Gandia, Valencia 46730, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Sorribes-Soriano A, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S, Herrero-Martínez JM. Dual mixed-mode poly (vinylpyridine-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)-based sorbent for acidic and basic drug extraction from oral fluid samples. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1167:338604. [PMID: 34049628 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a dual mixed-mode polymer sorbent was prepared via one-step thermally initiated polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (VP), methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of basic and acidic drugs. The use of VP and MAA as ionizable functional monomers allowed the tailoring of ion-exchange and hydrophobic features of the polymer. The obtained polymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Next, the retention behavior of dual mixed-mode polymer towards basic and acidic drugs was investigated. Moreover, the practical capability of this novel material was tested for the extraction of relevant drugs such as cocaine, 3-methylmethcathinone, and diazepam in oral fluid samples. Recovery values (at different spiked levels in blank oral fluid samples), ranging from 69 to 99%, and limits of detection (LODs), between 0.10 and 0.25 μg L-1, were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Sorribes-Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Overview of Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods to Analysis Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Waters Matrices. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environment, pharmaceutical residues are a field of particular interest due to the adverse effects to either human health or aquatic and soil environment. Because of the diversity of these compounds, at least 3000 substances were identified and categorized into 49 different therapeutic classes, and several actions are urgently required at multiple steps, the main ones: (i) occurrence studies of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the water cycle; (ii) the analysis of the potential impact of their introduction into the aquatic environment; (iii) the removal/degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds; and, (iv) the development of more sensible and selective analytical methods to their monitorization. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art sample preparation methods and chromatographic analysis applied to the study of PhACs in water matrices by pinpointing their advantages and drawbacks. Because it is almost impossible to be comprehensive in all PhACs, instruments, extraction techniques, and applications, this overview focuses on works that were published in the last ten years, mainly those applicable to water matrices.
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Teixeira NA, Miyazaki DMS, Grassi MT, Zawadzki SF, Abate G. Application of a new adhesive elastomeric coating and hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced sorbent for modified stir-bar sorptive extraction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5815-5822. [PMID: 33236730 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new polyurethane adhesive was evaluated to fix a hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced sorbent and to produce modified stir-bars. It presented high mechanical and chemical resistance, indicating that it is an adequate adhesive. The homemade bars were employed to determine bisphenol A, diclofenac, ibuprofen and triclosan in aqueous medium. Satisfactory figures of merit were observed, with LOD between 0.06 and 0.30 ng mL-1 and enrichment factors between 133 and 195 times, using an extraction time of 2 h. The stir-bars were employed to determine the four analytes in water samples, presenting recovery results from 53 to 135% and RSD between 0.7 and 20%. In general, the results observed here indicated that the adhesive is an appropriate alternative material to fix HLB particles, and could probably be applied to other sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha A Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19061, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Fontanals N, Borrull F, Marcé RM. Overview of mixed-mode ion-exchange materials in the extraction of organic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1117:89-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Abbasi S, Haeri SA, Sajjadifar S. Bio-dispersive liquid liquid microextraction based on nano rhamnolipid aggregates combined with molecularly imprinted-solid phase extraction for selective determination of paracetamol in human urine samples followed by HPLC. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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David F, Ochiai N, Sandra P. Two decades of stir bar sorptive extraction: A retrospective and future outlook. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Bristow R, Young I, Pemberton A, Williams J, Maher S. An extensive review of the extraction techniques and detection methods for the taste and odour compound geosmin (trans-1, 10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Lakade SS, Borrull F, Furton KG, Kabir A, Marcé RM, Fontanals N. Dynamic fabric phase sorptive extraction for a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Barbell-shaped stir bar sorptive extraction using dummy template molecularly imprinted polymer coatings for analysis of bisphenol A in water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5329-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Torabizadeh M, Talebpour Z, Adib N, Aboul-Enein HY. Preparation of a novel sorptive stir bar based on vinylpyrrolidone-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monolithic polymer for the simultaneous extraction of diazepam and nordazepam from human plasma. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1316-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Torabizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry; University of Alzahra; Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry; University of Alzahra; Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Nuoshin Adib
- Food and Drug Research Center; Ministry of Health; Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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Feng J, Sun M, Bu Y, Luo C. Development of a carbon-nanoparticle-coated stirrer for stir bar sorptive extraction by a simple carbon deposition in flame. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:918-22. [PMID: 26663510 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction is an environmentally friendly microextraction technique based on a stir bar with various sorbents. A commercial stirrer is a good support, but it has not been used in stir bar sorptive extraction due to difficult modification. A stirrer was modified with carbon nanoparticles by a simple carbon deposition process in flame and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. A three-dimensional porous coating was formed with carbon nanoparticles. In combination with high-performance liquid chromatography, the stir bar was evaluated using five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model analytes. Conditions including extraction time and temperature, ionic strength, and desorption solvent were investigated by a factor-by-factor optimization method. The established method exhibited good linearity (0.01-10 μg/L) and low limits of quantification (0.01 μg/L). It was applied to detect model analytes in environmental water samples. No analyte was detected in river water, and five analytes were quantified in rain water. The recoveries of five analytes in two samples with spiked at 2 μg/L were in the range of 92.2-106% and 93.4-108%, respectively. The results indicated that the carbon nanoparticle-coated stirrer was an efficient stir bar for extraction analysis of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Polymer monolith microextraction using poly(butyl methacrylate-co-1,6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate) monolithic sorbent for determination of phenylurea herbicides in water samples. Talanta 2016; 147:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dorkó Z, Szakolczai A, Verbić T, Horvai G. Binding capacity of molecularly imprinted polymers and their nonimprinted analogs. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4240-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Dorkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry; Budapest Hungary
| | - Anett Szakolczai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | - Tatjana Verbić
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - George Horvai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry; Budapest Hungary
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Stankiewicz A, Giebułtowicz J, Stankiewicz U, Wroczyński P, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Determination of selected cardiovascular active compounds in environmental aquatic samples--Methods and results, a review of global publications from the last 10 years. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:642-656. [PMID: 26246273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years cardiovascular diseases were the second most common cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the consumption of cardiovascular drugs is high, which might result in an increase of them in the environment. The major source of aquatic environmental contamination is still effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Unfortunately removal of cardiovascular active compounds and/or their metabolites in WWTP is still unsatisfactory. Among microbial and abiotic degradation of these compounds during wastewater processes, photolysis and photodegradation of cardiovascular drugs also play an important role. New formed compounds may be more toxic or retain the properties of parent compounds. Thus the main goal of this paper was to provide a detailed and comprehensive review of used analytical methods, coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to determine the presence of cardiovascular compounds in surface waters as well as WTTPs effluents and influents. Exhaustive preparation for mass spectrometry detection and quantitation including samples pre-treatment, and the common problem of the matrix effect are thoroughly explored in this paper. Additionally, the article provides some hints in respect of recently noted problematic issue related to the availability of specific standards for the analysis of drug's metabolites. Furthermore, information concerning the metabolism of cardiovascular active compounds including differences in metabolism within enantiomers is described. This article also touches on the problems associated with environmental risk assessment due to the presence of cardiovasculars in the environment. The paper also tries to explain differences in concentrations among cardiovascular compounds between countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stankiewicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Wroczyński
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw PL-02097, Poland
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Szczepańska N, de la Guardia M, Namieśnik J. Miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Candish E, Wirth HJ, Gooley AA, Shellie RA, Hilder EF. Characterization of large surface area polymer monoliths and their utility for rapid, selective solid phase extraction for improved sample clean up. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Bao T, Chen Z. Jacket-free stir bar sorptive extraction with bio-inspired polydopamine-functionalized immobilization of cross-linked polymer on stainless steel wire. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Booker K, Holdsworth CI, Doherty CM, Hill AJ, Bowyer MC, McCluskey A. Ionic liquids as porogens for molecularly imprinted polymers: propranolol, a model study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:7201-10. [PMID: 24971654 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity and rebinding capacity of molecularly imprinted polymers selective for propranolol (1) using the room temperature ionic liquids [BMIM][BF4], [BMIM][PF6], [HMIM][PF6] and [OMIM][PF6] and CHCl3 were examined. The observed IF (imprinting factor) values for MIPBF4, MIPPF6 and MIPCHCl3 were 1.0, 1.98 and 4.64, respectively. The longer chain HMIM and OMIM systems returned lower IF values of 1.1 and 2.3, respectively. MIPPF6 also showed a 25% binding capacity reduction vs. MIPCHCl3 (5 μmol g(−1)vs. 7 μmol g(−1) respectively). MIPCHCl3 and MIPPF6 differed in terms of BET surface area (306 m(2) g(−1)vs. 185 m(2) g(−1)), pore size (1.10 and 2.19 nm vs. 0.97 and 7.06 nm), the relative number of pores (Type A: 10.4 vs. 7.5%; Type B: 8.5 vs. 3.0%), and surface zeta potential (−37.9 mV vs. −20.3 mV). The MIP specificity for 1 was examined by selective rebinding studies with caffeine (2) and ephedrine (3). MIPPF6 rebound higher quantities of 2 than MIPCHCl3, but this was largely due to non-specific binding. Both MIPCHCl3 and MIPPF6 showed a higher affinity for 3 than for 2. Reduction in the Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) porogen volume had little impact on the polymer morphology, but did result in a modest decrease in IF from 2.6 to 2.3 and in the binding capacity (30% to 19%). MIPCHCl3 retained the highest template specificity on rebinding from CHCl3 (IF = 4.6) dropping to IF = 0.6 in MeOH/[BMIM][PF6]. The MIPCHCl3 binding capacity remained constant using CHCl3, CH2Cl2 and MeOH (46–52%), dropped to 6% on addition of [BMIM][PF6] and increased to 83% in H2O (but at the expense of specificity with IFH2O = 1.4). MIPPF6 rebinding from MeOH saw an increase in specific rebinding to IF = 4.9 and also an increase in binding capacity to 48% when rebinding 1 from MeOH and to 42% and 45% with H2O and CH2Cl2, respectively, although in the latter case the increased capacity was at the cost of specificity with IFCH2Cl2 = 1.2. Overall the MIPPF6 capacity and specificity were enhanced on addition of MeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Booker
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Shaaban H, Górecki T. Current trends in green liquid chromatography for the analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environmental water compartments. Talanta 2015; 132:739-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Parastar H, Shaye H. Comparative study of partial least squares and multivariate curve resolution for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10658c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potentials of PLSR and MCR-ALS are evaluated for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac, naproxen, mefenamic acid and carbamazepine as target analytes and gemfibrozil as interference in synthetic and real environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Parastar
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shaye
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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Xu Z, Yang Z, Liu Z. Development of dual-templates molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction and its application for the analysis of environmental estrogens in water and plastic samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:52-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stir bar sorptive extraction: recent applications, limitations and future trends. Talanta 2014; 130:388-99. [PMID: 25159426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has generated growing interest due to its high effectiveness for the extraction of non-polar and medium-polarity compounds from liquid samples or liquid extracts. In particular, in recent years, a large amount of new analytical applications of SBSE has been proposed for the extraction of natural compounds, pollutants and other organic compounds in foods, biological samples, environmental matrices and pharmaceutical products. The present review summarizes and discusses the theory behind SBSE and the most recent developments concerning its effectiveness. In addition, the main results of recent analytical approaches and their applications, published in the last three years, are described. The advantages, limitations and disadvantages of SBSE are described and an overview of future trends and novel extraction sorbents and supports is given.
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Padrón MET, Afonso-Olivares C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Microextraction techniques coupled to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of organic micropollutants in environmental water samples. Molecules 2014; 19:10320-49. [PMID: 25033059 PMCID: PMC6272018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, sample preparation was carried out using traditional techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), that use large volumes of organic solvents. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) uses much less solvent than LLE, although the volume can still be significant. These preparation methods are expensive, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Recently, a great effort has been made to develop new analytical methodologies able to perform direct analyses using miniaturised equipment, thereby achieving high enrichment factors, minimising solvent consumption and reducing waste. These microextraction techniques improve the performance during sample preparation, particularly in complex water environmental samples, such as wastewaters, surface and ground waters, tap waters, sea and river waters. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOF/MS) techniques can be used when analysing a broad range of organic micropollutants. Before separating and detecting these compounds in environmental samples, the target analytes must be extracted and pre-concentrated to make them detectable. In this work, we review the most recent applications of microextraction preparation techniques in different water environmental matrices to determine organic micropollutants: solid-phase microextraction SPME, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Several groups of compounds are considered organic micropollutants because these are being released continuously into the environment. Many of these compounds are considered emerging contaminants. These analytes are generally compounds that are not covered by the existing regulations and are now detected more frequently in different environmental compartments. Pharmaceuticals, surfactants, personal care products and other chemicals are considered micropollutants. These compounds must be monitored because, although they are detected in low concentrations, they might be harmful toward ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Esther Torres Padrón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Cristina Afonso-Olivares
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Gilart N, Marcé RM, Cormack PAG, Fontanals N, Borrull F. Development of new polar monolithic coatings for stir bar sorptive extraction. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2225-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Gilart
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Peter A. G. Cormack
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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Gilart N, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Fontanals N. New coatings for stir-bar sorptive extraction of polar emerging organic contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Recent developments and future trends in solid phase microextraction techniques towards green analytical chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1321:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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He M, Chen B, Hu B. Recent developments in stir bar sorptive extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2001-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Gilart N, Cormack P, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Fontanals N. Preparation of a polar monolithic coating for stir bar sorptive extraction of emerging contaminants from wastewaters. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Gilart N, Miralles N, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Fontanals N. Novel coatings for stir bar sorptive extraction to determine pharmaceuticals and personal care products in environmental waters by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 774:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xu J, Chen B, He M, Hu B. Analysis of preservatives with different polarities in beverage samples by dual-phase dual stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Lucena R. Extraction and stirring integrated techniques: examples and recent advances. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2213-23. [PMID: 22354573 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extraction techniques, which focus on selectivity and sensitivity enhancement by isolation and preconcentration of target analytes, are essential in many analytical methods. Because many extraction techniques occur under diffusion-controlled conditions, stirring of the sample solution is required to accelerate the extraction by favoring diffusion of the analytes from the bulk solution to the extractant phase. This stirring may be performed by use of an external device or by integrating extraction and stirring in the same device. This review focuses on the latter techniques, which are promising methods for sample treatment. First, stir-bar-sorptive extraction, the most widely used method, is considered, paying special attention to the development of new coatings. Finally, a general overview of novel integrated techniques in both solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction is presented; their main characteristics and marked trends are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lucena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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