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Li P, Wu DR, Yip SH, Sun D, Pawluczyk J, Smith A, Kempson J, Mathur A. Large-scale purification of a deprotected macrocyclic peptide by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) integrated with liquid chromatography in discovery chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465112. [PMID: 38972253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A macrocyclic peptide A was successfully purified in large quantities (∼30 g) in >95 % purity by an integrated two-step orthogonal purification process combining supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with medium-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography (MP-RPLC). MP-RPLC was used to fractionate the crude peptide A, remove unwanted trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) originating from the peptide A cleavage off the resin, and convert the peptide A into ammonium acetate salt form, prior to the final purification by SFC. A co-solvent of methanol/acetonitrile containing ammonium acetate and water in CO2 was developed on a Waters BEH 2-Ethylpyridine column. The developed SFC method was readily scaled up onto a 5 cm diameter column to process multi-gram quantities of the MP-RPLC fraction to reach > 95 % purity with a throughput/productivity of 0.96 g/h. The incorporation of SFC with MP-RPLC has been demonstrated to have a broader application in other large-scale polypeptide purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Shiuhang Henry Yip
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | - Dawn Sun
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Joseph Pawluczyk
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Aaron Smith
- Spectrix, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - James Kempson
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
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Kazmouz MY, Felinger A. The Impact of Water as an Additive on the Elution of Some Basic Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Molecules 2024; 29:2124. [PMID: 38731614 PMCID: PMC11085463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, water was used as an additive in the methanol-modified carbon dioxide-based eluent for the elution of some basic organic compounds from a hybrid silica column via supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The experiments were applied to sulfonamides, propranolol, and other organic nitrogen compounds involving aromatic rings from different classes of amine, pyrimidine, and purine with different pKa values (the pKa values for the studied analytes range from 4.6 to 10.4). The results revealed different responses to the different percentages of water addition. Adding 1~2% of water to the modifier (methanol) led to a positive effect manifested by more symmetrical peak shapes and reduced retention times for most compounds. The key factor for this improvement in the properties of chromatographic peaks is due to the adsorption of water on the silanol groups of the stationary phase, consequently resembling the phenomena observed in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Moreover, the availability of hydrogen bond acceptor and donor sites in the analyte structure is an important factor to be considered when adding water as an additive to the modifier for improving the chromatographic peaks. However, introducing water in an amount higher than 3% resulted in perturbed chromatographic signals. It was also found that water as an additive alone could not successfully elute propranolol from the hybrid silica column with an acceptable peak shape; thus, the addition of a strong base such as amine salts was also necessary. The proposed use of a particular amount of water in the mobile phase could have a positive effect compared to the same mobile phase without water, improving the chromatographic peak properties of the elution of some basic organic compounds from the hybrid silica column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Yahia Kazmouz
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Felinger
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- HUN-RES-PTE Molecular Interactions in Separation Science Research Group, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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3
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Losacco GL, Breitbach ZS, Walsh PL, Van Haandel L. Unified chromatography in drug development: Exploiting chaotropic/kosmotropic salts for an accelerated method development. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464392. [PMID: 37742458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) introduced an innovative gradient profile called Unified Chromatography (UC), which pushes the amount of liquid modifier up to 80-100 % of the total mobile phase composition. These new conditions allow the full transition from a supercritical to a liquid state, unifying the benefits of both SFC and liquid chromatography. However, to facilitate the use of UC for industrial drug development, a stronger effort is needed to streamline and simplify its method development and optimization. In this work, a quick and novel method development procedure for UC is introduced, enabled by the first-time use of novel additives in SFC/UC that exploit chaotropic/kosmotropic properties. A comprehensive view on some fundamental properties, such as the amount of liquid modifier blended with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and the percentage of water added in the mobile phase is given, to clarify the benefits of using either a chaotropic salt (NaClO4), kosmotropic (HCOONa) or salt with mixed properties (NaOMs - sodium methanesulfonate). With this expanded knowledge, challenging separations of nucleosides, nucleotide, indoles, triazoles and related derivates have been accomplished with UC. Finally, we provide an example of UC delivering a faster and better method for an AbbVie pipeline compound under accelerated stability study. The combined use of scCO2-based chromatography and the novel additive NaClO4 ensures the retention and elution of all degradation species generated at different conditions, where RP-HPLC failed to provide satisfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Paul L Walsh
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Leon Van Haandel
- Analytical Research and Development, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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4
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Advanced Development of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Herbal Medicine Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134159. [PMID: 35807405 PMCID: PMC9268462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-components are essential. In recent years, various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. The applicability of SFC for the separation and determination of natural products in herbal medicines is overviewed in this article. The range of applications was expanded through the selection and optimization of stationary phases and mobile phases. We also focus on the two-dimensional SFC analysis. This paper provides new insight into SFC method development for herbal medicine analysis.
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Ovchinnikov DV, Ul'yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Pokrovskiy OI. Some Aspects of Additives Effects on Retention in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Studied by Linear Free Energy Relationships Method. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Beres M. Expanding the boundaries of SFC: Analysis of biomolecules. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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7
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Licea Perez H, Andonian C. Chemical derivatization in combination with supercritical fluid chromatography to improve resolution of stereoisomers. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:985-999. [PMID: 34081541 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quantification of stereoisomers in biological matrices is of pivotal importance for drug development. Supercritical fluid chromatography paired with chiral stationary phases is the gold standard for resolution of enantiomers. However, this technique often proves inadequate for resolution of polar stereoisomers. Materials & methods: A combination of achiral chemical derivatization with supercritical fluid chromatography using chiral stationary columns to improve enantiomeric resolution is described. Results: Separation of four possible stereoisomers of linerixibat was achieved after derivatization with 3N HCl in n-butanol within 12 min (case1). Derivatization with acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric anhydrides significantly improved the separation of stereoisomers (case 2 and 3) within 10 min. The best stereoisomeric resolution was achieved using valeric and isovaleric anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Licea Perez
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clara Andonian
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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8
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Spelling V, Stefansson M. Evaluation of chromatographic parameters in supercritical fluid chromatography of amino acids as model polar analytes and extended to polypeptide separations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461646. [PMID: 33166744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic parameters have been evaluated regarding the supercritical fluid chromatography of amino acids as model compounds for polar and chargeable substances of biochemical and biopharmaceutical interest. Their inherent hydrophilicity requires suitable chromatographic conditions regarding stationary and mobile phase to obtain suitable solubility and peak performance. Ten stationary phases differing in polarity and type of ligands including neutral and charged ones were investigated regarding selectivity, peak performance and complementarity/orthogonality. The mobile phase composition regarding solvent and type of buffer additives by varying the degree of hydrophobicity of the acids and bases and degree of substitution in case of the basic amines. Addition of water to the methanol solvent was furthermore found crucial for obtaining a high peak performance. Some complementary selectivity could be obtained depending on a choice of column. Temperature and pressure variations basically only influenced retention with no selectivity changes. Suitable conditions obtained for the amino acids were then successfully applied to oligo- and polypeptides enabling a separation of 4 polypeptides and differing in only one of the 39 amino acids, thereby mimicking analysis of biotransformation reaction products. The utilization of water as mobile phase additive and sulfonic acids as buffer agents could serve as a generic methodology for polar and charged compounds such as amino containing biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Spelling
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Present address: Early Chemical Development, Innovative New Medicines, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Morgan Stefansson
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Konya Y, Izumi Y, Bamba T. Development of a novel method for polar metabolite profiling by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461587. [PMID: 33059177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), the main fluid in the mobile phase for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), is non-polar. The majority of polar compounds are little soluble in scCO2, thereby rendering them poor candidates for achieving separation by carbon dioxide-based SFC. There is no reported method for the comprehensive analysis of hydrophilic metabolites by SFC with mobile phases comprising a high CO2 ratio. In this study, we investigated the effect of additives in the modifier for enabling the application of SFC to profile diverse polar compounds for metabolomics. Eleven types of columns were screened by using proteinogenic amino acids as the model compounds. The addition of water and acids (formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)) to the modifier was also investigated to improve the solubility of the polar compounds and mitigate the unfavorable interaction between the stationary phase and the polar compounds. A significant improvement in the peak shapes of the amino acids was observed upon addition of TFA. The CO2/modifier ratio and TFA concentration in the mobile phases were investigated using the CROWNPAK CR-I (+) column, which showed the best performance during the column-screening. The CO2/methanol/water/TFA ratio of 70/27/3/0.15 (v/v/v/v) was determined as the optimized mobile phase composition. Furthermore, the applicability of the optimized analytical method to other polar compounds was examined; 100 cationic and amphoteric compounds with predicted logPow values that ranged from -5.9 to 1.7 could be simultaneously analyzed without derivatization. Anionic compounds such as organic acids, phosphates, and sugars were excluded from the target analytes. Most of the previously reported SFC methods for analyzing polar compounds employ a gradient elution and require the use of high modifier ratios at 40% or more. In the proposed method, the use of water and TFA enabled the rapid and simultaneous analysis under isocratic elution within 10 min, even with a high CO2 ratio of 70%. Additionally, a rat serum extract was analyzed using the optimized conditions, and 43 polar metabolites were successfully detected. This result demonstrates the applicability of the SFC/tandem mass spectrometry method to real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Konya
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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10
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Characterization and analysis of non-ionic surfactants by supercritical fluid chromatography combined with ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2759-2765. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Iguiniz M, Corbel E, Roques N, Heinisch S. On-line coupling of achiral Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography and chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Supercritical fluid chromatography: a promising alternative to current bioanalytical techniques. Bioanalysis 2017; 10:107-124. [PMID: 29236519 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, chemistry was involved in the worldwide effort toward environmental problems leading to the birth of green chemistry. In this context, green analytical tools were developed as modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in the field of separative techniques. This chromatographic technique knew resurgence a few years ago, thanks to its high efficiency, fastness and robustness of new generation equipment. These advantages and its easy hyphenation to MS fulfill the requirements of bioanalysis regarding separation capacity and high throughput. In the present paper, the technical aspects focused on bioanalysis specifications will be detailed followed by a critical review of bioanalytical supercritical fluid chromatography methods published in the literature.
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Pauk V, Pluháček T, Havlíček V, Lemr K. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure for analysis of monosaccharides from plant gum binders. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Mattrey FT, Makarov AA, Regalado EL, Bernardoni F, Figus M, Hicks MB, Zheng J, Wang L, Schafer W, Antonucci V, Hamilton SE, Zawatzky K, Welch CJ. Current challenges and future prospects in chromatographic method development for pharmaceutical research. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Dispas A, Lebrun P, Sacré PY, Hubert P. Screening study of SFC critical method parameters for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:339-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Analytical advances in pharmaceutical impurity profiling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 87:118-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Chiral analysis of aromatic amino acids in food supplements using subcritical fluid chromatography and Chirobiotic T2 column. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Fekete S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Comparison of the most recent chromatographic approaches applied for fast and high resolution separations: Theory and practice. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Miller L, Peterson EA. Greener Solvent Usage for Discovery Chemistry Analysis and Purification. GREEN CHEMISTRY STRATEGIES FOR DRUG DISCOVERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622659-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The concept of green chemistry has been implemented in chemical manufacturing and process chemistry over the past 15 years. Only recently has the concept been introduced to smaller volume activities such as medicinal and analytical chemistry. This chapter discusses green chemistry approaches suitable for discovery chemistry analysis and purification. Topics covered include use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for analysis and purification to reduce solvent usage, optimizing analytical LC methods to minimize solvent usage, optimization of reverse phase purifications, use of greener solvents for flash purification, and an evaluation of flash SFC for discovery chemistry purifications. Approaches that have been successful in numerous pharmaceutical medicinal chemistry laboratories will be presented.
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20
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The many faces of packed column supercritical fluid chromatography – A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:2-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Fairchild JN, Brousmiche DW, Hill JF, Morris MF, Boissel CA, Wyndham KD. Chromatographic Evidence of Silyl Ether Formation (SEF) in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1735-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5035709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason F. Hill
- Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
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22
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Dispas A, Lebrun P, Ziemons E, Marini R, Rozet E, Hubert P. Evaluation of the quantitative performances of supercritical fluid chromatography: From method development to validation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1353:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Nováková L, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Francois I, West C, Lesellier E, Guillarme D. Modern analytical supercritical fluid chromatography using columns packed with sub-2μm particles: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 824:18-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Comparative assessment of achiral stationary phases for high throughput analysis in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1332:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Pokrovskii OI, Krutikova AA, Ustinovich KB, Parenago OO, Moshnin MV, Gonchukov SA, Lunin VV. Preparative separation of methoxy derivatives of psoralen using supercritical-fluid chromatography. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793113080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Chromatographic resolution of closely related species: Separation of warfarin and hydroxylated isomers. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:266-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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West C, Lesellier E. Effects of mobile phase composition on retention and selectivity in achiral supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:152-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Liu J, Regalado EL, Mergelsberg I, Welch CJ. Extending the range of supercritical fluid chromatography by use of water-rich modifiers. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4925-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Chester TL. Maximizing the speed of separations for industrial problems. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:69-77. [PMID: 22989488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvement efforts in chromatography have provided great improvements in the rate of plate production, but less attention has been spent on optimizing the kinds of problems that are most often encountered in industry. When factors are not independent in their effects on the responses of a chromatographic separation, all adjustable factors must be considered in concert in seeking the best or optimum condition that solves the problem. This requires careful attention to specifying the goals, the adjustable factors, and the constraints required to make sure the outcome can actually be implemented. Strategies for optimizing assay and screening methods in the context of industrial needs are presented. Expanding the factor space of the system being investigated can lead to better outcomes. The prospect of adding column-outlet pressure control and expanding the mobile phase composition to include condensed gases or supercritical fluids is explored. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography are contiguous with regard to mobile phase characteristics. Adjustment of selectivity through instrument-controlled factors can benefit method development. Opportunities obtained by blending modifiers, varying temperature and pressure with compressible mobile phases, and controlling pH are discussed in the context of optimizing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Chester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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West C, Khater S, Lesellier E. Characterization and use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography type stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:182-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Taylor LT. Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography of hydrophilic analytes via water-rich modifiers. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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