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Abstract
Membrane chromatography (MC) is an emerging bioseparation technology combining the principles of membrane filtration and chromatography. In this process, one type of molecule is adsorbed in the stationary phase, whereas the other type of molecule is passed through the membrane pores without affecting the adsorbed molecule. In subsequent the step, the adsorbed molecule is recovered by an elution buffer with a unique ionic strength and pH. Functionalized microfiltration membranes are usually used in radial flow, axial flow, and lateral flow membrane modules in MC systems. In the MC process, the transport of a solute to a stationary phase is mainly achieved through convection and minimum pore diffusion. Therefore, mass transfer resistance and pressure drop become insignificant. Other characteristics of MC systems are a minimum clogging tendency in the stationary phase, the capability of operating with a high mobile phase flow rate, and the disposable (short term) application of stationary phase. The development and application of MC systems for the fractionation of individual proteins from whey for investigation and industrial-scale production are promising. A significant income from individual whey proteins together with the marketing of dairy foods may provide a new commercial outlook in dairy industry. In this review, information about the development of a MC system and its applications for the fractionation of individual protein from whey are presented in comprehensive manner.
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Radosavljević J, Stanić-Vučinić D, Stojadinović M, Radomirović M, Simović A, Radibratović M, Veličković TĆ. Application of Ion Exchange and Adsorption Techniques for Separation of
Whey Proteins from Bovine Milk. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411017666210108092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The world production of whey was estimated to be more than 200 million tons per year.
Although whey is an important source of proteins with high nutritional value and biotechnological importance, it is still
considered as a by-product of the dairy industry with low economic value due to low industrial exploitation. There are
several challenges in the separation of whey proteins: low concentration, the complexity of the material and similar
properties (pI, molecular mass) of some proteins.
Methods:
A narrative review of all the relevant papers on the present methodologies based on ion-exchange and
adsorption principles for isolation of whey proteins, known to the authors, was conducted.
Results:
Traditional ion-exchange techniques are widely used for the separation and purification of the bovine whey
proteins. These methodologies, based on the anion or cation chromatographic procedures, as well as combination of
aforementioned techniques are still preferential methods for the isolation of the whey proteins on the laboratory scale.
However, more recent research on ion exchange membranes for this purpose has been introduced, with promising
potential to be applied on the pilot industrial scale. Newly developed methodologies based either on the ion-exchange
separation (for example: simulated moving bed chromatography, expanded bed adsorption, magnetic ion exchangers, etc.)
or adsorption (for example: adsorption on hydroxyapatite or activated carbon, or molecular imprinting) are promising
approaches for scaling up of the whey proteins’ purification processes.
Conclusion:
Many procedures based on ion exchange are successfully implemented for separation and purification of
whey proteins, providing protein preparations of moderate-to-high yield and satisfactory purity. However, the authors
anticipate further development of adsorption-based methodologies for separation of whey proteins by targeting the
differences in proteins’ structures rather than targeting the differences in molecular masses and pI. The complex
composite multilayered matrices, including also inorganic components, are promising materials for simultaneous
exploiting of the differences in the masses, pI and structures of whey proteins for the separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radosavljević
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12‑16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanić-Vučinić
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12‑16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Marija Stojadinović
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12‑16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Mirjana Radomirović
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12‑16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Ana Simović
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12‑16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Milica Radibratović
- Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Tanja Ćirković Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12‑16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
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Reversed-phase pH gradient thin-layer chromatography of biologically active substances with controlled developing solvent velocity. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462224. [PMID: 34038787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, stepwise pH gradient thin-layer chromatograms of biologically active substances with controlled developing solvent velocity are presented and described in the paper. Change in buffer pH of the mobile phase solution influences retardation, selectivity, and shape of the separated substances' spots. The conducted research has confirmed that the mobile phase's pH gradient could be an essential factor to optimize the conditions of the separation of substances in reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The reproducibility of the gradient retardation factor values of separated substance zones is satisfactory.
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Lynch KB, Ren J, Beckner MA, He C, Liu S. Monolith columns for liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins: A review of recent advances and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:48-68. [PMID: 30482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article we survey 256 references (with an emphasis on the papers published in the past decade) on monolithic columns for intact protein separation. Protein enrichment and purification are included in the broadly defined separation. After a brief introduction, we describe the types of monolithic columns and modes of chromatographic separations employed for protein separations. While the majority of the work is still in the research and development phase, papers have been published toward utilizing monolithic columns for practical applications. We survey these papers as well in this review. Characteristics of selected methods along with their pros and cons will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Matthew A Beckner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Chiyang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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Chikhoune A, Gagaoua M, Nanema KD, Souleymane AS, Hafid K, Aliane K, Hadjal S, Madani K, Sentandreu E, Sentandreu MÁ, Boudjellal A, Križman M, Vovk I. Antioxidant Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts Incorporated in an Emulsion System Containing Whey Proteins: Oxidative Stability and Polyphenol–Whey Proteins Interactions. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The Process of Separating Bovine Serum Albumin Using Hydroxyapatite and Active Babassu Coal (Orbignya martiana). ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:2808241. [PMID: 27376149 PMCID: PMC4914781 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2808241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin is one of the major serum proteins; it plays an important role as a result of its functional and nutritional properties which have bioactive peptides. Adsorption method was used to separate protein, which involves hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite, and active babassu coal. Initially, characterization was carried out using the zeta potential of the adsorbents. Kinetic pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models were applied. For isotherms, equilibrium data studies were carried out using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, in addition to determining the efficiency of adsorptive process. The results of the zeta potential showed loads ranging from +6.9 to -42.8 mV. The kinetic data were better represented in the pseudo-second-order model with chemisorption characteristics. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents decreased as pH increased, indicating that the electrostatic bonds and some functional groups of active babassu coal contributed to the reduction of adsorption, especially oxygen linked to carbon atoms. The value of pH 4.0 showed the best results of adsorption, being obtained as the maximum adsorption capacity (q m ) and yield (%) (where q m = 87.95 mg g(-1) and 74.2%; 68.26 mg g(-1) and 68.6%; and 36.18 mg g(-1), 37.4%) of hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxyapatite, and active babassu coal, respectively.
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Groarke RJ, Brabazon D. Methacrylate Polymer Monoliths for Separation Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E446. [PMID: 28773570 PMCID: PMC5456823 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of methacrylate-based polymer monoliths for separation science applications. An introduction to monoliths is presented, followed by the preparation methods and characteristics specific to methacrylate monoliths. Both traditional chemical based syntheses and emerging additive manufacturing methods are presented along with an analysis of the different types of functional groups, which have been utilized with methacrylate monoliths. The role of methacrylate based porous materials in separation science in industrially important chemical and biological separations are discussed, with particular attention given to the most recent developments and challenges associated with these materials. While these monoliths have been shown to be useful for a wide variety of applications, there is still scope for exerting better control over the porous architectures and chemistries obtained from the different fabrication routes. Conclusions regarding this previous work are drawn and an outlook towards future challenges and potential developments in this vibrant research area are presented. Discussed in particular are the potential of additive manufacturing for the preparation of monolithic structures with pre-defined multi-scale porous morphologies and for the optimization of surface reactive chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Groarke
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Sensor Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Sensor Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Aich R, Batabyal S, Joardar SN. Isolation and purification of beta-lactoglobulin from cow milk. Vet World 2015; 8:621-4. [PMID: 27047145 PMCID: PMC4774723 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.621-624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was undertaken to standardize a convenient method for isolation and purification of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) from cow milk keeping its antigenicity intact, so that the purified β-lg can be used for detection of cow milk protein intolerance (CMPI). Materials and Methods: Raw milk was collected from Gir breed of cattle reared in Haringhata Farm, West Bengal. Milk was then converted to skimmed milk by removing fat globules and casein protein was removed by acidification to pH 4.6 by adding 3 M HCl. β-lg was isolated by gel filtration chromatography using Sephacryl S-200 from the supernatant whey protein fraction. Further, β-lg was purified by anion-exchange chromatography in diethylaminoethyl-sepharose. Molecular weight of the purified cattle β-lg was determined by 15 percent one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was analyzed by gel documentation system using standard molecular weight marker. Results: The molecular weight of the purified cattle β-lg was detected as 17.44 kDa. The isolated β-lg was almost in pure form as the molecular weight of purified β-lg monomer is 18kDa. Conclusion: The study revealed a simple and suitable method for isolation of β-lg from whey protein in pure form which may be used for detection of CMPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Aich
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia - 700 037, Kolkata, India; Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow - 453 446, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Subhasis Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia - 700 037, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha Narayan Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia - 700 037, Kolkata, India
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XU MF, DAI JF, XIANG MX, CHENG XF, ZENG XC, WAN CQ, ZHOU WJ. Study on Differences of Milk Proteins by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ramírez-Palomino P, Fernández-Romero JM, Gómez-Hens A. Rapid chromatographic determination of caseins in milk with photometric and fluorimetric detection using a hydrophobic monolithic column. Food Chem 2013; 142:249-54. [PMID: 24001838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic methods using a hydrophobic C18 monolithic column and on-line photometric and fluorimetric detection for the determination of the major casein (CN) proteins in milk are presented. The separation of αs1-CN, αs2-CN, β-CN and κ-CN was achieved in only five minutes. Fluorimetric detection enabled better analytical results than photometric detection. Thus, the dynamic ranges of the calibration graphs and detection limits obtained using fluorimetric detection were (mgmL(-)(1)): αs1-CN (0.74-10.0, 0.22), αs2-CN (0.15-10.0, 0.045), β-CN (0.68-10.0, 0.20) and κ-CN (0.21-10.0, 0.06). The analytical features of the photometric method, which does not allow the quantification of β-casein, were (mgmL(-)(1)): αs1-CN (1.5-9.0, 0.45), αs2-CN (1.4-10.0, 0.43) and κ-CN (0.4-9.0, 0.12). Precision data, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged between 0.6% and 5.3% for the fluorimetric method and between 2.4% and 6.2% for the photometric method. Both methods were applied to the analysis of three different milk samples, obtaining recoveries in the ranges of 86.6-103.2% and 92.0-106.5% using fluorimetric and photometric detection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramírez-Palomino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IUQFN-UCO), Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building (Annex), University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Fagan P, Wijesundera C. Rapid isolation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids using monolithic high performance liquid chromatography columns. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1743-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fagan
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship (Future Grains) and CSIRO Food and Health Sciences; Werribee Victoria Australia
| | - Chakra Wijesundera
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship (Future Grains) and CSIRO Food and Health Sciences; Werribee Victoria Australia
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Albreht A, Vovk I, Simonovska B. Addition of β-lactoglobulin produces water-soluble shikonin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10834-10843. [PMID: 22998586 DOI: 10.1021/jf303153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin and its ester derivatives belong to a group of secondary metabolites with a wide array of beneficial effects on human health. However, shikonin is principally used in oil-based preparations due to the low solubility of the pigment in aqueous media, and the positive properties of shikonin are not exploited to their full potential. Such low aqueous solubility often results in poor bioavailability, makes shikonin undesirable for oral administration, and restricts its broadened use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The purpose of this study was to enhance the aqueous solubility of shikonin by the addition of β-lactoglobulin and to characterize the macromolecule-ligand binding interaction by means of spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. In the presence of β-lactoglobulin the solubility of shikonin is increased up to 181-fold. One shikonin molecule binds covalently to β-lactoglobulin via Cys(121), whereas the remaining pigment molecules most probably bind to the protein via noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Albreht
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Monolithic ion exchange chromatographic methods for virus purification. Virology 2012; 434:271-7. [PMID: 23089255 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report an ion exchange chromatographic purification method powerful for preparation of virus particles with ultrapure quality. The technology is based on large pore size monolithic anion exchangers, quaternary amine (QA) and diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE). These were applied to membrane-containing icosahedral bacteriophage PRD1, which bound specifically to both matrices. Virus particles eluted from the columns retained their infectivity, and were homogenous with high specific infectivity. The yields of infectious particles were up to 80%. Purified particles were recovered at high concentrations, approximately 5mg/ml, sufficient for virological, biochemical and structural analyses. We also tested the applicability of the monolithic anion exchange purification on a filamentous bacteriophage phi05_2302. Monolithic ion exchange chromatography is easily scalable and can be combined with other preparative virus purification methods.
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