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Le Droumaguet B, Guerrouache M, Carbonnier B. Contribution of the "Click Chemistry" Toolbox for the Design, Synthesis, and Resulting Applications of Innovative and Efficient Separative Supports: Time for Assessment. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200210. [PMID: 35700224 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen the rapid expansion of click chemistry methodology in various domains closely related to organic chemistry. It has notably been widely developed in the area of surface chemistry, mainly because of the high-yielding character of reactions of the "click" type. Especially, this powerful chemical reaction toolbox has been adapted to the preparation of stationary phases from the corresponding chromatographic supports. A plethora of selectors can thus be immobilized on either organic, inorganic, or hybrid stationary phases that can be used in different chromatographic modes. This review first highlights the few different chemical ligation strategies of the "click" type that are up to now mainly devoted to the development of functionalized supports for separation sciences. Then, it gives in a second part an up-to-date survey of the different studies dedicated to the preparation of click chemistry-based chromatographic supports while highlighting the powerful and versatile character of the "click" ligation strategy for the design, synthesis, and developments of more and more complex systems that can find promising applications in the area of analytical sciences, in domains as varied as enantioselective separation, glycomics, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Le Droumaguet
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, F-94320, France
| | - Mohamed Guerrouache
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, F-94320, France
| | - Benjamin Carbonnier
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, F-94320, France
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2
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Kuzyk VO, Somsen GW, Haselberg R. CE-MS for Proteomics and Intact Protein Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:51-86. [PMID: 34628627 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This chapter aims to explore various parameters involved in achieving high-end capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of proteins, peptides, and their posttranslational modifications. The structure of the topics discussed in this book chapter is conveniently mapped on the scheme of the CE-MS system itself, starting from sample preconcentration and injection techniques and finishing with mass analyzer considerations. After going through the technical considerations, a variety of relevant applications for this analytical approach are presented, including posttranslational modifications analysis, clinical biomarker discovery, and its growing use in the biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia O Kuzyk
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Zhao Y, Zeng J, You J, Duan Y, Li Y, Liu C, Liu Z, Yang L, Shen Q, Li Z. A Sol–gel Method for Preparing Poly (N-Isopropyl Acrylamide) Hybrid Column and Its Application in Small Molecular Analysis Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Tan W, Chen Y, Xiong X, Huang S, Fang Z, Chen Y, Ma M, Chen B. Synthesis of a poly(sulfobetaine-co-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) hybrid monolith via an in-situ ring opening quaternization for use in hydrophilic interaction capillary liquid chromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:109. [PMID: 31915938 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An in-situ approach is described for synthesis of poly(sulfobetaine-co-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) [poly(sulfobetaine-co-POSS)] that can be used in a hybrid monolithic column as a hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) stationary phase. Synthesis involves (a) radical polymerization of octa(propyl methacrylate)-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) and organic monomers such as dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate or vinyl imidazole, and (b) in-situ ring-opening quaternization between 1,4-butane sultone and the organic monomers. The sulfobetaine groups are generated in-situ monolith. This obviates the need for synthesis of sulfobetaine monomer previously. The pore size and permeability of the material can be tuned by using a binary porogenic system (polyethyleneglycol 600 and acetonitrile) and via the composition of the polymerization mixture. The optimized hybrid monolith owns its merits to the presence of POSS and sulfobetaine groups with good mechanical stability, the lack of residual silanol groups, and adequate hydrophilicity. The column filled with the monoliths was evaluated as a stationary phase for HILIC. Several kinds of polar compounds (including nucleosides, bases, phenols, aromatic acids and amides) were separated by using mobile phases with high organic solvent fractions in capillary liquid chromatography. Graphical abstractAn in-situ approach is described for synthesis of poly(sulfobetaine-co-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) hybrid monolithic column for use in hydrophilic liquid chromatography. The optimized monolith owns good mechanical stability, the lack of residual silanol groups and adequate hydrophilicity. Baseline separation of several kinds of polar compounds is achieved on the column. MA-POSS: octa(propyl-methacrylate) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; DMAEMA: dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; AIBN: azodiisobutyronitrile. Poly(DMABS-co-POSS): poly(N-(4-sulfobutyl)-N-methacryloxypropyl- N,N-dimethylammonium-betaine-co-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiyue Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhengfa Fang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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Hu X, Liu L, Ma Y, Lei Y, Zhu T. Thermosensitive molecular imprinted polymer monolith for the selective recognition of quercetin. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1520724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Preparation of thiol- and amine-bifunctionalized hybrid monolithic column via “one-pot” and applications in speciation of inorganic arsenic. Talanta 2019; 192:339-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Lynch KB, Ren J, Beckner MA, He C, Liu S. Monolith columns for liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins: A review of recent advances and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:48-68. [PMID: 30482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article we survey 256 references (with an emphasis on the papers published in the past decade) on monolithic columns for intact protein separation. Protein enrichment and purification are included in the broadly defined separation. After a brief introduction, we describe the types of monolithic columns and modes of chromatographic separations employed for protein separations. While the majority of the work is still in the research and development phase, papers have been published toward utilizing monolithic columns for practical applications. We survey these papers as well in this review. Characteristics of selected methods along with their pros and cons will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Matthew A Beckner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Chiyang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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8
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Advances in monolithic silica columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Anal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-017-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Functionalization of hybrid monolithic columns via thiol-ene click reaction for proteomics analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Development and application of a new in-line coupling of a miniaturized boronate affinity monolithic column with capillary zone electrophoresis for the selective enrichment and analysis of cis-diol-containing compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1494:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Zajickova Z. Advances in the development and applications of organic–silica hybrid monoliths. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:25-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Zajickova
- Department of Physical Sciences Barry University Miami Shores FL USA
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12
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Ma Y, Liu H, Wei A, Qin J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Bai L. Preparation and Evaluation of Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hexanediol diacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) Monolithic Column and its Applications in the Separation of Small Molecules. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1727-1734. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Lv X, Tan W, Chen Y, Chen Y, Ma M, Chen B, Yao S. Facile “one-pot” synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid)-based hybrid monolith via thiol-ene click reaction for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Liu C, Deng Q, Fang G, Huang X, Wang S, He J. A Novel Poly(ionic liquid) Interface-Free Two-Dimensional Monolithic Material for the Separation of Multiple Types of Glycoproteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20430-20437. [PMID: 26317402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many types of affinity materials have been developed for the enrichment of glycoproteins potentially considered to be clinical biomarkers; however, they can not effectively distinguish between different glycoproteins and thus lack the functionality that may be the key to the diagnosis of specific diseases. In the present work, a novel interface-free 2D monolithic material has been developed for the separation of multiple types of glycoproteins, in which boronate-functionalized graphene acts as preconcentration segment and poly(guanidinium ionic liquid) acts as separation segment. The resultant 2D material was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and electroosmotic flow analysis to demonstrate successful modification at each step. The performance of this 2D material was evaluated by capillary electrochromatography and allowed the successful online concentration and separation of five standard glycoproteins. The high separation efficiency can be largely attributed to the good orthogonality of boronate-functionalized graphene monolith and poly(guanidinium ionic liquid) monolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Yunnan 650201, China
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15
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In-line coupling of an aptamer based miniaturized monolithic affinity preconcentration unit with capillary electrophoresis and Laser Induced Fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:109-17. [PMID: 26113415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A composite 30-cm capillary was prepared. The head of the capillary was a 1.5-cm original and miniaturized aptamer-based monolithic affinity support that was in-line coupled to the end of the capillary used for capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The device was used for the preconcentration, separation and quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) as a test solute. The 1.5-cm preconcentration unit consists of a fritless affinity monolithic bonded with 5'-SH-modified oligonucleotide aptamers. A vinyl spacer was used for thiol-ene photoclick chemistry with a 5min irradiation at 365nm. Photografting allowed to confine the binding reaction to the desired silica monolithic segment, upstream the empty section of the CE capillary using an UV mask. The photografting procedure was optimized preparing 10-cm capillary monoliths for nano-LC. The retention factors of cationic solutes in ion-exchange nano-LC allowed to follow the aptamer binding on the monolith. The reproducibility of the photografting process was satisfactory with inter-capillary variation lower than 10%. The aptamer bonding density can be increased by successive graftings of 100μM aptamer concentration solution (5pmol/cm/grafting). The optimal conditions to successfully perform the in-line coupling (preconcentration, elution and separation of OTA) with the composite capillary were adjusted depending on individual requirements of each step but also insuring compatibility. Under optimized conditions, OTA was successfully preconcentrated and quantified down to 0.1pg (percolation of 2.65μL of a 40ng/L OTA solution). A quantitative recovery of OTA (93±2%) was achieved in a single elution of 30pg percolated OTA amount. The reproducibility of the overall process was satisfactory with a relative standard deviation lower than 10% with negligible non-specific adsorption. This device was applied for the preconcentration and analysis of OTA in beer and wine at the ppb level within a total analysis time of 30min.
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Zhu G, Yan X, Dovichi NJ. Integrated strong cation-exchange hybrid monolith coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis and simultaneous dynamic pH junction for large-volume proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 138:117-122. [PMID: 25863379 PMCID: PMC4394190 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sulfonate-silica hybrid strong cation-exchange (SCX) monolith was synthesized at the proximal end of a capillary zone electrophoresis column and used for on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preconcentration. Sample was prepared in an acidic buffer and deposited onto the SCX-SPE monolith and eluted using a basic buffer. Electrophoresis was performed in an acidic buffer. This combination of buffers results in formation of a dynamic pH junction, which allows use of relatively large elution buffer volume while maintaining peak efficiency and resolution. All experiments were performed with a 50 µm ID capillary, a 1cm long SCX-SPE monolith, a 60cm long separation capillary, and a electrokinetically pumped nanospray interface. The volume of the capillary is 1.1 µL. By loading 21 µL of a 1×10(-7) M angiotensin II solution, an enrichment factor of 3000 compared to standard electrokinetic injection was achieved on this platform while retaining efficient electrophoretic performance (N=44,000 plates). The loading capacity of the sulfonate SCX hybrid monolith was determined to be ~15 pmol by frontal analysis with 10(-5) M angiotensin II. The system was also applied to the analysis of a 10(-4) mg/mL bovine serum albumin tryptic digest; the protein coverage was 12% and 11 peptides were identified. Finally, by loading 5.5 µL of a 10(-3) mg/mL E. coli digest, 109 proteins and 271 peptides were identified in a 20 min separation; the median separation efficiency generated by these peptides was 25,000 theoretical plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
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17
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Xie Y, Zhang X, Han Q, Wan W, Ding M. One-step synthesis of sub-2 μm vinyl functionalized silica sphere as stationary phase for liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 134:425-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Shen S, Ye F, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Su L, Zhao S. Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based hybrid monoliths by thiol-ene click chemistry for capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2015; 140:265-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile organic–silica hybrid monolith was prepared by a thiol-ene click reaction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane methacryl substituted (POSS-MA) with 1,4-bis(mercaptoacetoxy) butane (BMAB) using toluene and dodecanol as a porogenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Shen
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Fanggui Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Xiong
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Linjing Su
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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19
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Yu R, Hu W, Lin G, Xiao Q, Zheng J, Lin Z. One-pot synthesis of polymer monolithic column by combination of free radical polymerization and azide–alkyne cycloaddition “click” reaction and its application in capillary liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12891e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile “one-pot” method was developed for the preparation of polymer monoliths by combination of free radical polymerization and CuAAC click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Wenli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Guo Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Qi Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Jiangnan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
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Lin Z, Yu R, Hu W, Zheng J, Tong P, Zhao H, Cai Z. Preparation of a poly(3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine-co-propargyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate) monolithic column by in situ polymerization and a click reaction for capillary liquid chromatography of small molecules and proteins. Analyst 2015; 140:4626-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining free radical polymerization with a CuAAC click reaction, a facile approach was developed for the preparation of poly(AZT-co-PMA-co-PETA) monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Ruifang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Wenli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Jiangnan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Ping Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong, SAR
- P. R. China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong, SAR
- P. R. China
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21
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Ou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Lin H, Dong J, Zou H. Recent development of hybrid organic-silica monolithic columns in CEC and capillary LC. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:62-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
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22
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Liu C, Deng Q, Fang G, Feng X, Qian H, Wang S. Facile preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric ionic liquid monolithic column with a one-pot process for protein separation in capillary electrochromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7175-83. [PMID: 25277101 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An organic-inorganic hybrid monolithic column based on 1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide (VC12Im(+)Br(-)) has been prepared in a single step by combining radical copolymerization with a non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) process. The NHSG process was significantly shortened to 6 h by using formic acid as catalyst. For comparison, we also prepared polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) monolithic columns by hydrolytic sol-gel and organic polymeric process, respectively. The resulting monolithic columns were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Under the capillary electrochromatography mode, these columns were applied to separate alkylbenzenes, anilines, and proteins, respectively. The results indicated that the NHSG-based hybrid PIL monolithic column exhibited the highest column efficiency among the three types of columns; organic solvent, commonly required by the traditional columns to achieve satisfactory separation efficiency for proteins, was absent in the NHSG-based hybrid PIL monolithic column because of the biocompatibility of the VC12Im(+)Br(-), which was beneficial to analysis of protein containing samples. In order to demonstrate its application potential, the developed NHSG-based hybrid PIL monolithic column was also employed to separate egg white sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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23
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Marechal A, Laaniste A, El-Debs R, Dugas V, Demesmay C. Versatile ene-thiol photoclick reaction for preparation of multimodal monolithic silica capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Lin Z, Tan X, Yu R, Lin J, Yin X, Zhang L, Yang H. One-pot preparation of glutathione-silica hybrid monolith for mixed-mode capillary liquid chromatography based on "thiol-ene" click chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:228-37. [PMID: 24973032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel glutathione (GSH)-silica hybrid monolithic column synthesized via a combination of thiol-ene click reaction and one-pot process was described, where thiol-end GSH organic monomer and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were mixed with hydrolyzed tetramethyloxysilane (TMOS) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MAPS) and then introduced into a fused-silica capillary for simultaneous polycondensation and "thiol-ene" click reaction to form the GSH-silica hybrid monolith. The effects of the molar ratio of TMOS/γ-MAPS, the amount of GSH, and the volume of porogen on the morphology, permeability and pore properties of the prepared GSH-silica hybrid monoliths were studied in detail. A uniform monolithic network with high porosity was obtained. A series of test compounds including alkylbenzenes, amides, and anilines were used to evaluate the retention behaviors of the GSH-silica hybrid monolithic column. The results demonstrated that the prepared GSH-silica hybrid monolith exhibited multiple interactions including hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, as well as cation exchange interaction. The run-to-run, column-to-column and batch-to-batch reproducibilities of the GSH-silica hybrid monolith for phenols' retention were satisfactory with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 1.3% (n=5), 2.6% (n=3) and 3.2% (n=3), respectively, indicating the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. In addition, the GSH-silica hybrid monolith was applied to the separation of nucleotides, peptides and protein tryptic digests, respectively. The successful applications suggested the potential of the GSH-silica hybrid monolith in complex sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Ruifang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jiashi Lin
- College of Physical Education, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
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25
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Chen Y, Wang K, Liu Y, Yang H, Yao S, Chen B, Nie L, Xu G. Improved sulfoalkylbetaine-based organic-silica hybrid monolith for high efficient hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography of polar compounds. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:1877-85. [PMID: 23977682 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel sulfoalkylbetaine-based zwitterionic organic-silica hybrid monolith was synthesized by using 3-dimethyl-(3-(N-methacrylamido) propyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMMPPS, neutral sulfoalkyl-betaine monomer). The added amount of zwitterionic monomer was significantly increased when DMMPPS was used instead of the conventionally used acidic sulfoalkyl-betaine monomer, that is, the N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine, and this led to a significantly improved hydrophilicity of the monolith. The DMMPPS-based organic-silica hybridmonolith exhibited good mechanical stability and excellent separation performance. About ∼20 mμ plate height (corresponding to column efficiency of ∼50,000 plates/m) was obtained for nucleoside at the linear velocity of 1 mm/s. The proposed monolithic column was successfully applied to separate purines/pyrimidines, nucleotides, and tryptic digest of bovine hemoglobin in a nano-HILIC mode, and the results demonstrated that such monolith has the potential for separation of a variety of hydrophilic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
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26
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Liu H, Bai X, Wei D, Yang G. High-performance liquid chromatography separation of small molecules on a porous poly (trimethylol propane triacrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1324:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Tang S, Liu S, Ren H, Liang X, Qiu H, Guo Y, Liu X, Jiang S. A novel imidazolium-based organic–silica hybrid monolith for per aqueous capillary electrochromatography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Lowe AB. Thiol–ene “click” reactions and recent applications in polymer and materials synthesis: a first update. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This contribution serves as an update to a previous review (Polym. Chem.2010,1, 17–36) and highlights recent applications of thiol–ene ‘click’ chemistry as an efficient tool for both polymer/materials synthesis as well as modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Lowe
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington Sydney, Australia
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29
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Guan X, Zhao C, Liu X, Zhang H. Hyperbranched polymers containing stereocontorted cores as on-line solid-phase microextraction adsorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Marechal A, El-Debs R, Dugas V, Demesmay C. Is click chemistry attractive for separation sciences? J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2049-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Marechal
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR CNRS 5280, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Racha El-Debs
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR CNRS 5280, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Vincent Dugas
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR CNRS 5280, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Claire Demesmay
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; UMR CNRS 5280, Université de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
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31
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Combination of two different stationary phases for on-line pre-concentration and separation of basic drugs by using nano-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1285:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Yang H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Nie L, Yao S. One-pot synthesis of (3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium)-silica hybrid monolith via thiol-ene click chemistry for CEC. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:510-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha; P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha; P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha; P. R. China
| | - Lihua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha; P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha; P. R. China
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33
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Yang H, Nie L, Yao S. Cage-like silica nanoparticles-functionalized silica hybrid monolith for high performance capillary electrochromatography via "one-pot" process. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1283:132-9. [PMID: 23462108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A cage-like silica nanoparticles-functionalized silica hybrid monolith for high performance capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has been prepared via "one-pot" process. In this process, the polycondensation of hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes and in situ reaction of mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) with sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate modified octavinyloctasilasesquioxane (MPS-OVS) simultaneously occurred in a pretreated capillary. The characterization and evaluation results indicated that the obtained MPS-OVS hybrid monolithic capillary column has homogeneous macroporous morphology with a permeability of 5.37×10(-13)m(2) and strong electro osmotic flow (EOF) over a wide pH range from 2.7 to 11.2. The EOF on the MPS-OVS hybrid monolithic column reached its maximum of 0.327cm(2)kV(-1)s(-1) at pH 9.7. The best theoretical efficiency of ∼470,000plates/m was obtained for 2-aminophenol in CEC. Anilines and phenols were well separated on the MPS-OVS hybrid monolithic column by CEC, indicating typical reversed-phase and cation-exchange chromatographic retention mechanisms of the column. The monolith was further applied to the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digests, and the result indicated its potential in the analysis of some complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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34
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Rigobello-Masini M, Penteado JCP, Masini JC. Monolithic columns in plant proteomics and metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:2107-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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