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Jaag S, Wen C, Peters B, Lämmerhofer M. Kinetic performance comparison of superficially porous, fully porous and monolithic reversed-phase columns by gradient kinetic plots for the separation of protein biopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463251. [PMID: 35752149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To find the best performing column for the analysis of protein-based biopharmaceuticals is a significant challenge as meanwhile numerous modern columns with distinct stationary phase morphologies are available for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Especially when besides morphology also several other column factors are different, it is hard to decide about the best performing column a priori. To cope with this problem, in the present work 13 different reversed-phase columns dedicated for protein separations were systematically tested by the gradient kinetic plot method. A comprehensive comparison of columns with different morphologies (monolithic, fully porous and superficially porous particle columns), particle sizes and pore diameters as well as column length was performed. Specific consideration was also given to various monolithic columns which recently shifted a bit out of the prime focus in the scientific literature. The test proteins ranged from small proteins starting from 12 kDa, to medium sized proteins (antibody subunits obtained after IdeS-digestion and disulphide reduction) and an intact antibody. The small proteins cytochrome c, lysozyme and β-lactoglobulin could be analysed with similar performance by the best columns of all three column morphologies while for the antibody fragments specific fully porous and superficially porous particle columns were superior. A 450 Å 3,5 µm superficially porous particle column showed the best performance for the intact antibody while a 1.7 µm fully porous particle column with 300 Å showed equivalent performance to the best superficially porous column with thin shell and 400 Å pore size for proteins between 12 and 25 kDa. While the majority of the columns had C4 bonding chemistry, the silica monolith with C18 bonding and 300 Å mesopore size approximated the best performing particle columns and outperformed a C4 300 Å wide-pore monolith. The current work can support the preferred choice for the most suitable reversed-phase column for protein separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jaag
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chunmei Wen
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Peters
- Instrumental Analytics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Fekete S, Murisier A, Beck A, Lawhorn J, Ritchie H, Boyes B, Guillarme D. New wide-pore superficially porous stationary phases with low hydrophobicity applied for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462050. [PMID: 33735644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The article describes the development of new stationary phases for the analysis of proteins in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The goal was to have columns offering high recovery at low temperature, low hydrophobicity and novel selectivity. For this purpose, three different ligands bound onto the surface of superficially porous silica-based particles were compared, including trimethyl-silane (C1), ethyl-dimethyl-silane (C2) and N-(trifluoroacetomidyl)-propyl-diisopropylsilane (ES-LH). These three phases were compared with two commercial RPLC phases. In terms of protein recovery, the new ES-LH stationary phase clearly outperforms the other phases for any type of biopharmaceutical sample, and can already be successfully used at a temperature of only 60°C. In terms of retention, the new ES-LH and C1 materials were the less retentive ones, requiring lower organic solvent in the mobile phase. However, it is important to mention that the stability of C1 phase was critical under acidic, high temperature conditions. Finally, some differences were observed in terms of selectivity, particularly for the ES-LH column. Besides the chemical nature of the stationary phase, it was found that the nature of organic modifier also plays a key role in selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jason Lawhorn
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, USA
| | - Harry Ritchie
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, USA
| | - Barry Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, 3521 Silverside road, Suite 1-K, DE 19810, Wilmington, USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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3
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Luo C, DeStefano JJ, Langlois TJ, Boyes BE, Schuster SA, Godinho JM. Fundamental to achieving fast separations with high efficiency: A review of chromatography with superficially porous particles. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5087. [PMID: 33566360 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Types of particles have been fundamental to LC separation technology for many years. Originally, LC columns were packed with large-diameter (>100 μm) calcium carbonate, silica gel, or alumina particles that prohibited fast mobile-phase speeds because of the slow diffusion of sample molecules inside deep pores. During the birth of HPLC in the 1960s, superficially porous particles (SPP, ≥30 μm) were developed as the first high-speed stationary-phase support structures commercialized, which permitted faster mobile-phase flowrates due to the fast movement of sample molecules in/out of the thin shells. These initial SPPs were displaced by smaller totally porous particles (TPP) in the mid-1970s. But SPP history repeated when UHPLC emerged in the 2000s. Stationary-phase support structures made from sub-3-μm SPPs were introduced to chromatographers in 2006. The initial purpose of this modern SPP was to enable chromatographers to achieve fast separations with high efficiency using conventional HPLCs. Later, the introduction of sub-2-μm SPPs with UHPLC instruments pushed the separation speed and efficiency to a very fast zone. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive and up-to-date view on the advantages of SPP materials over TPPs historically and theoretically from the material science angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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Loh GOK, Wong EYL, Tan YTF, Ong LM, Ng RS, Wee HC, Peh KK. Simple and fast LC-MS/MS method for quantification of terazosin in human plasma and application to bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1163:122517. [PMID: 33429127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify terazosin in human plasma. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% (v/v) formic acid (70:30, v/v). Prazosin was used as internal standard (IS). As deproteinization agent, acetonitrile produced a clean sample. A higher response intensity with more symmetrical peak was obtained using Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 - Fast LC column (100 × 2.1mmID, 2.7 μm) compared with Kinetex XB-C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 µm) column. The response of terazosin and IS were approximately two times in citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) plasma compared with dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2EDTA) plasma. Plasma calibration curve was linear from 1.0 to 100.0 ng/mL, with coefficient of determination r2 ≥ 0.99. The within-run and between-run precision values (CV, %) were <5.2% and <7.8%, while accuracy values were 102.8-112.7% and 103.4-112.2%. The extended run accuracy was 98.6-102.8% and precision (CV, %) 4.3-10.4%. The recovery of analyte was >98% and IS >94%. Terazosin in plasma kept at benchtop was stable for 24 h, in autosampler tray for 48 h, in instrumentation room for 48 h, for 7 freeze-thaw cycles and in freezer for 140 days. Terazosin and IS stock standard solutions were stable for 140 days at room temperature and in the chiller. The high throughput method was successfully utilized to measure 935 samples in a bioequivalence study of terazosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Onn Kit Loh
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd. PMT 1241, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 8, Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, 14100 Simpang Ampat, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Emily Yii Ling Wong
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd. PMT 1241, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 8, Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, 14100 Simpang Ampat, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Tze Fung Tan
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd. PMT 1241, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 8, Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, 14100 Simpang Ampat, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Loke Meng Ong
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ru Shing Ng
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chin Wee
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kok Khiang Peh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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5
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Advances and Innovations in Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase Supports. Anal Chem 2020; 93:257-272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Garrigues JC, Cournac M, Oswald M, Ritter N, Blanzat M, Cassel S. Analysis of complex mixtures of polyglycerol fatty esters using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry: Retention, structural and relative composition study. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1616:460792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Yang X, Wan G, Ma S, Xia H, Wang J, Liu J, Liu Y, Chen G, Bai Q. Synthesis and optimization of SiO2@SiO2 core-shell microspheres by an improved polymerization-induced colloid aggregation method for fast separation of small solutes and proteins. Talanta 2020; 207:120310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Camperi J, Pichon V, Delaunay N. Separation methods hyphenated to mass spectrometry for the characterization of the protein glycosylation at the intact level. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112921. [PMID: 31671335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins that affects their biological activity, solubility, and half-life. Therefore, its characterization is of great interest in proteomic, particularly from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. However, the number and type of glycosylation sites, the degree of site occupancy and the different possible structures of glycans can lead to a very large number of isoforms for a given protein, called glycoforms. The identification of these glycoforms constitutes an important analytical challenge. Indeed, to attempt to characterize all of them, it is necessary to develop efficient separation methods associated with a sensitive and informative detection mode, such as mass spectrometry (MS). Most analytical methods are based on bottom-up proteomics, which consists in the analysis of the protein at the glycopeptides level after its digestion. Even if this approach provides essential information, including the localization and composition of glycans on the protein, it is also characterized by a loss of information on macro-heterogeneity, i.e. the nature of the glycans present on a given glycoform. The analysis of glycoforms at the intact level can overcome this disadvantage. The aim of this review is to detail the state-of-the art of separation methods that can be easily hyphenated with MS for the characterization of protein glycosylation at the intact level. The different electrophoretic and chromatographic approaches are discussed in detail. The miniaturization of these separation methods is also discussed with their potential applications. While the first studies focused on the development and optimization of the separation step to achieve high resolution between isoforms, the recent ones are much more application-oriented, such as clinical diagnosis, quality control, and glycoprotein monitoring in formulations or biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Laboratory of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, UMR CBI 8231 CNRS - ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Pichon
- Laboratory of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, UMR CBI 8231 CNRS - ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- Laboratory of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, UMR CBI 8231 CNRS - ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France.
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9
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Theoretical Analysis of Efficiency of Multi-Layer Core-Shell Stationary Phases in the High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Large Biomolecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152849. [PMID: 31390734 PMCID: PMC6695945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern analytical applications of liquid chromatography require columns with higher and higher efficiencies. In this work, the general rate model (GRM) of chromatography is used for the analysis of the efficiency of core-shell phases having two porous layers with different structures and/or surface chemistries. The solution of the GRM in the Laplace domain allows for the calculation of moments of elution curves (retention time and peak width), which are used for the analysis of the efficiency of bi-layer particles with and without a non-porous core. The results demonstrate that bi-layer structures can offer higher separation power than that of the two layers alone if the inner layer has smaller surface coverage (retentivity) and the pore size and pore diffusion of the outer layer is either equal to or higher than that of the inner layer. Even in the case of core-shell phases, there is an increase in resolution by applying the bi-layer structure; however, we can always find a mono-layer core-shell particle structure with a larger core size that provides better resolution. At the optimal core size, the resolution cannot be further improved by applying a bi-layer structure. However, in case of the most widely produced general-purpose core-shell particles, where the core is ∼70% of the particle diameter, a 15–20% gain of resolution can be obtained by using well-designed and optimized bi-layer core-shell phases.
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10
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Electrochromatographic behavior of core-shell particles: A comparison study. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1033:205-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Bobály B, D'Atri V, Lauber M, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Characterizing various monoclonal antibodies with milder reversed phase chromatography conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Bobály B, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. New developments and possibilities of wide-pore superficially porous particle technology applied for the liquid chromatographic analysis of therapeutic proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:225-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Advances in electrospray mass spectrometry for the selenium speciation: Focus on Se-rich yeast. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Utility of a high coverage phenyl-bonding and wide-pore superficially porous particle for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Chen W, Mack A, Sachok B, Jiang K, Wang X. Performance of Optimized Wide Pore Superficially Porous Particles for Separation of Proteins and Immunoglobulin G Antibodies. J Chromatogr Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522182 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we studied the chromatographic performance of this newly developed wide pore superficially porous particles (SPPs) with 3.5 μm particle size and 450 Å pore size, for the separation of proteins and Immunoglobulin G antibodies. We studied the selectivity of different phases (C4, SB-C18 and Diphenyl), the effect of temperature, column carryover and column chemical lifetime. We also compared our SPPs with other wide pore SPPs in similar particle sizes and sub 2 µ wide pore totally porous particles by van Deemter studies and gradient separations of proteins and immunoglobulin G antibodies. The results showed that the SPPs containing larger pore size gave better chromatographic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Anne Mack
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Bo Sachok
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Kunqiang Jiang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
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16
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Bobály B, D’Atri V, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: A generic method development approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Fekete S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Achievable separation performance and analysis time in current liquid chromatographic practice for monoclonal antibody separations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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The importance of system band broadening in modern size exclusion chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 135:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Mixed-mode reversed phase/positively charged repulsion chromatography for intact protein separation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:63-69. [PMID: 28182992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A mixed-mode reversed phase/positively charged repulsion stationary phase C8PN composed of octyl and amino group has been developed for separation of intact protein. Before the separation of proteins, a set of probe compounds were employed to evaluate the chromatographic properties of C8PN, demonstrating typical reversed phase/positively charged repulsion interaction on this stationary phase as estimated. Then the new C8PN stationary phase was used to separate a standard protein mixture on the reversed phase mode. Compared with a commercial C4 stationary phase, it showed different selectivity for some proteins. In order to better understand the properties of C8PN, the effect of acetonitrile content was investigated based on retention equation. Higher values of the equation parameters on C8PN demonstrated that the protein retentions were more sensitive to the change of acetonitrile content. Besides, the influences of buffer salt additives on the protein retentions were also studied. The retention factors of the proteins got larger with the increase of buffer salt concentration, which confirmed the positively charged repulsion interaction on the column. Finally, the C8PN was further applied to separate oxidized- and reduced- forms of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone. Our study indicated the advantages and application potential of mixed-mode reversed phase/positively charged repulsion stationary phase for intact protein separation.
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Bobály B, Sipkó E, Fekete J. Challenges in liquid chromatographic characterization of proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:3-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Astefanei A, Dapic I, Camenzuli M. Different Stationary Phase Selectivities and Morphologies for Intact Protein Separations. Chromatographia 2016; 80:665-687. [PMID: 28529348 PMCID: PMC5413533 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of biology proposed that one gene encodes for one protein. We now know that this does not reflect reality. The human body has approximately 20,000 protein-encoding genes; each of these genes can encode more than one protein. Proteins expressed from a single gene can vary in terms of their post-translational modifications, which often regulate their function within the body. Understanding the proteins within our bodies is a key step in understanding the cause, and perhaps the solution, to disease. This is one of the application areas of proteomics, which is defined as the study of all proteins expressed within an organism at a given point in time. The human proteome is incredibly complex. The complexity of biological samples requires a combination of technologies to achieve high resolution and high sensitivity analysis. Despite the significant advances in mass spectrometry, separation techniques are still essential in this field. Liquid chromatography is an indispensable tool by which low-abundant proteins in complex samples can be enriched and separated. However, advances in chromatography are not as readily adapted in proteomics compared to advances in mass spectrometry. Biologists in this field still favour reversed-phase chromatography with fully porous particles. The purpose of this review is to highlight alternative selectivities and stationary phase morphologies that show potential for application in top-down proteomics; the study of intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Astefanei
- Centre for Analytical Science in Amsterdam (CASA), Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I. Dapic
- Centre for Analytical Science in Amsterdam (CASA), Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Camenzuli
- Centre for Analytical Science in Amsterdam (CASA), Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Mant CT, Hodges RS. Separation of Peptides on HALO 2‐Micron Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 85:11.6.1-11.6.16. [DOI: 10.1002/cpps.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Aurora Colorado
| | - Robert S. Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Aurora Colorado
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23
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Todoroki K, Nakano T, Eda Y, Ohyama K, Hayashi H, Tsuji D, Min JZ, Inoue K, Iwamoto N, Kawakami A, Ueki Y, Itoh K, Toyo'oka T. Bioanalysis of bevacizumab and infliximab by high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity magnetic purification. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:112-9. [PMID: 27016445 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents two simple and rapid methods for the quantification of therapeutic mAbs based on LC. Two mAbs (bevacizumab and infliximab) in plasma samples were purified using magnetic beads immobilized with a commercially-available idiotype antibody for each mAb. Purified mAbs were separated with HT-RPLC and detected with their native fluorescence. Using immunoaffinity beads, each mAb was selectively purified and detected as a single peak in the chromatogram. The HT-RPLC achieved good separation for the mAbs with sharp peaks within 20 min. The calibration curves of the two mAbs ranged from 1 to 20 μg mL(-1) (bevacizumab) and 1-10 μg mL(-1) (infliximab), and they had strong correlation coefficients (r(2) > 0.998). The LOD of bevacizumab and infliximab was 0.07 and 0.15 μg mL(-1), and the LLOQ of bevacizumab and infliximab was 0.12 and 0.25 μg mL(-1), respectively. Thus, the sensitivities were sufficient for clinical analysis. Immunoaffinity purification with HT-RPLC produced a selective and accurate bioanalysis without an LC-MS/MS instrument. Both methods could become general-purpose analytical methods and complement the results obtained with conventional LBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nakano
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Eda
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daiki Tsuji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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24
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Fekete S, Rodriguez-Aller M, Cusumano A, Hayes R, Zhang H, Edge T, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Prototype sphere-on-sphere silica particles for the separation of large biomolecules. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Fekete S, Guillarme D, Sandra P, Sandra K. Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2015; 88:480-507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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26
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Simone P, Pierri G, Foglia P, Gasparrini F, Mazzoccanti G, Capriotti AL, Ursini O, Ciogli A, Laganà A. Separation of intact proteins on γ-ray-induced polymethacrylate monolithic columns: A highly permeable stationary phase with high peak capacity for capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:264-71. [PMID: 26530449 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymethacrylate-based monolithic capillary columns, prepared by γ-radiation-induced polymerization, were used to optimize the experimental conditions (nature of the organic modifiers, the content of trifluoroacetic acid and the column temperature) in the separation of nine standard proteins with different hydrophobicities and a wide range of molecular weights. Because of the excellent permeability of the monolithic columns, an ion-pair reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry method has been developed by coupling the column directly to the mass spectrometer without a flow-split and using a standard electrospray interface. Additionally, the high working flow and concomitant high efficiency of these columns allowed us to employ a longer column (up to 50 cm) and achieve a peak capacity value superior to 1000. This work is motivated by the need to develop new materials for high-resolution chromatographic separation that combine chemical stability at elevated temperatures (up to 75°C) and a broad pH range, with a high peak capacity value. The advantage of the γ-ray-induced monolithic column lies in the batch-to-batch reproducibility and long-term high-temperature stability. Their proven high loading capacity, recovery, good selectivity and high permeability, moreover, compared well with that of a commercially available poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) monolithic column, which confirms that such monolithic supports might facilitate analysis in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Foglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Ursini
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Area della Ricerca di Roma del CNR, Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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27
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Nakata K, Ichibangase T, Saitoh R, Ishigai M, Imai K. A trial proteomics fingerprint analysis of HepaRG cells by FD-LC-MS/MS. Analyst 2015; 140:71-3. [PMID: 25416652 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01434k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A proteomics profile analysis was performed on a human hepatocyte carcinoma cell line (HepaRG) by using the FD-LC-MS/MS method. One hundred and fifty-eight proteins were newly identified for the first time of which 10 were found to be specific to human hepatocytes. These proteins are a "proteomics fingerprint" that can be used to characterize HepaRG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Nakata
- Laboratory of Proteomics Analysis, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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28
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Evaluation of a new wide-pore superficially porous material with carbon core and nanodiamond-polymer shell for the separation of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Chen W, Jiang K, Mack A, Sachok B, Zhu X, Barber WE, Wang X. Synthesis and optimization of wide pore superficially porous particles by a one-step coating process for separation of proteins and monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:147-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Langsi VK, Ashu-Arrah BA, Glennon JD. Sub-2-μm seeded growth mesoporous thin shell particles for high-performance liquid chromatography: Synthesis, functionalisation and characterisation. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1402:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Liu H, Jeong J, Kao YH, Zhang YT. Characterization of free thiol variants of an IgG1 by reversed phase ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Todoroki K. [Development of HPLC analysis methods for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:213-8. [PMID: 25747215 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations are produced from cultured cells; therefore, detailed and multidimensional analyses of their heterogeneities are required. We analyzed five commercially available mAb preparations by high-temperature reversed-phase LC using a wide-pore core-shell column for pluralistic quality assessment. At a highly elevated column temperature, isopropanol with high eluotropic strength coefficients and a wide-pore core-shell type octyl column showed good peak resolution of the investigated mAbs and their related constituents. We used this method to estimate the residual rate of intact mAbs after a heat aggregation treatment and conducted fragmentation analysis by analyzing their pepsin digests. Each peak component was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. All results were compared with those of reversed-phase and size exclusion analyses.
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33
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Jespers S, Roeleveld K, Lynen F, Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Kinetic plots for gas chromatography: Theory and experimental verification. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1386:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Evaluation of new superficially porous particles with carbon core and nanodiamond–polymer shell for proteins characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 104:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Borges EM, Volmer DA. Silica, Hybrid Silica, Hydride Silica and Non-Silica Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography. Part II: Chemical and Thermal Stability. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1107-22. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Brezovska K, Petrovska G, Acevska J, Nakov N, Poceva-Panovska A, Tonic-Ribarska J, Hadzieva M, Dimitrovska A. Transfer of pharmacopoeial liquid chromatography reversedphase methods for determination of related compounds in diclofenac sodium and metamizole sodium from conventional to core-shell column. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2015. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2015.61.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-shell silica particles were developed as a new material for chromatographic stationary phases in order to provide fast and high efficiency separations of small and large molecules and complex samples, at pressures compatible with conventional HPLC equipment. The aim of our work was to show the applicability of the HPLC columns based on a core-shell technology for determination of related substances in diclofenac sodium and in metamizole sodium using the methods described in the corresponding monographs of the European pharmacopoeia. The obtained results have shown that the proposed methods can be successfully transferred on core shell column, with suitable adjustment of injection volume and flow rate. The advantage of using core-shell column is fast and highly efficient separation on conventional HPLC equipment with increased sensitivity of the method and high throughput of the analysis, providing enhanced lab productivity and reduced costs.
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37
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Bobály B, Mikola V, Sipkó E, Márta Z, Fekete J. Recovery of Proteins Affected by Mobile Phase Trifluoroacetic Acid Concentration in Reversed-Phase Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:1078-83. [PMID: 25501119 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It was found that recoveries of proteins depend on trifluoroacetic acid concentration in the mobile phase and showed maximum in the range of 0.01-0.1 v/v%. Transferrin and lysozyme were used to evaluate the recoveries of proteins from dedicated reversed-phase columns. Different types of reversed-phase columns were evaluated, such as core shell type materials (Aeris Widepore with C4, C8 and C18 modification) as well as fully porous hybrid particles (Waters BEH, modified with C4 and C18 alkyl chains). Recoveries ranged between 60.7-95.2% for transferrin and 72.1-99.8% for lysozyme. Based on the data presented, at least two different adsorption effects, the well-known hydrophobic and silanophilic/polar interaction might influence the recovery. In addition to this, conformational effects due to ion pairing with the acidic mobile phase additive might change them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Vivien Mikola
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Enikő Sipkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Márta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Jenő Fekete
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary
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38
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Fekete S, Guillarme D. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for the characterization of therapeutic proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Core–shell particles: Preparation, fundamentals and applications in high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:36-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Nischang I. Impact of biomolecule solute size on the transport and performance characteristics of analytical porous polymer monoliths. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1354:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Efficient separations of intact proteins using slip-flow with nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1592-8. [PMID: 24383398 PMCID: PMC3982985 DOI: 10.1021/ac403233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A capillary with a pulled tip, densely
packed with silica particles
of 0.47 μm in diameter, is shown to provide higher peak capacity
and sensitivity in the separation of intact proteins by reversed-phase
liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). For
a C18 bonded phase, slip flow gave a 10-fold flow enhancement to allow
for stable nanospray with a 4-cm column length. Model proteins were
studied: ribonuclease A, trypsin inhibitor, and carbonic anhydrase,
where the latter had impurities of superoxide dismutase and ubiquitin.
The proteins were well separated at room temperature with negligible
peak tailing. The peak capacity for ubiquitin was 195 for a 10-min
gradient and 315 for a 40-min gradient based on Gaussian fitting of
the entire peak, rather than extrapolating the full-width at half-maximum.
Separation of a cell lysate with a 60 min gradient showed extremely
high peak capacities of 750 and above for a peptide and relatively
homogeneous proteins. Clean, low noise mass spectra for each model
protein were obtained. The physical widths of the peaks were an order
of magnitude narrower than those of conventional columns, giving increased
sensitivity. All proteins except ubiquitin exhibited significant heterogeneity
apparently due to multiple proteoforms, as indicated by both peak
shapes and mass spectra. The chromatograms exhibited excellent reproducibility
in retention time, with relative standard deviations of 0.09 to 0.34%.
The results indicate that submicrometer particles are promising for
improving the separation dimension of LC in top-down proteomics.
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42
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Bobály B, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Systematic comparison of a new generation of columns packed with sub-2 μm superficially porous particles. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:189-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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43
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Improved detection of variants in recombinant human interferon alpha-2a products by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a core–shell stationary phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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44
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Hayes R, Myers P, Edge T, Zhang H. Monodisperse sphere-on-sphere silica particles for fast HPLC separation of peptides and proteins. Analyst 2014; 139:5674-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of monodisperse sphere-on-sphere (SOS) silica microspheres is developed for fast separation of peptide and protein mixtures by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Myers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
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45
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Fekete S, Guillarme D. Possibilities of new generation columns packed with 1.3μm core–shell particles in gradient elution mode. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1320:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Schuster SA, Wagner BM, Boyes BE, Kirkland JJ. Optimized superficially porous particles for protein separations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1315:118-26. [PMID: 24094750 PMCID: PMC8214819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuing interest in larger therapeutic molecules by pharmaceutical and biotech companies provides the need for improved tools for examining these molecules both during the discovery phase and later during quality control. To meet this need, larger pore superficially porous particles with appropriate surface properties (Fused-Core(®) particles) have been developed with a pore size of 400 Å, allowing large molecules (<500 kDa) unrestricted access to the bonded phase. In addition, a particle size (3.4 μm) is employed that allows high-efficiency, low-pressure separations suitable for potentially pressure-sensitive proteins. A study of the shell thickness of the new fused-core particles suggests a compromise between a short diffusion path and high efficiency versus adequate retention and mass load tolerance. In addition, superior performance for the reversed-phase separation of proteins requires that specific design properties for the bonded-phase should be incorporated. As a result, columns of the new particles with unique bonded phases show excellent stability and high compatibility with mass spectrometry-suitable mobile phases. This report includes fast separations of intact protein mixtures, as well as examples of very high-resolution separations of larger monoclonal antibody materials and associated variants. Investigations of protein recovery, sample loading and dynamic range for analysis are shown. The advantages of these new 400 Å fused-core particles, specifically designed for protein analysis, over traditional particles for protein separations are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Schuster
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Road, Suite 1-K, Quillen Building, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA.
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47
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Vanderheyden Y, Cabooter D, Desmet G, Broeckhoven K. Isocratic and gradient impedance plot analysis and comparison of some recently introduced large size core–shell and fully porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Abstract
There is increasing interest within the pharmaceutical industry in the development of proteins and peptides as drugs in addition to their use as biomarkers. Immunochemistry-based techniques have been traditionally used for the quantitation of proteins and peptides; however, LC-MS-based methodologies are being increasingly adopted as they offer several advantages. UHPLC is well established within the small-molecule community as a means to increase resolution and/or the speed of separations prior to MS detection; however, it is rarely applied to proteins or peptides separations. In this paper, current applications of UHPLC to such separations are reviewed, as well as considerations with regard to the effect of altering various chromatographic parameters.
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49
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Kinetic evaluation of new generation of column packed with 1.3μm core–shell particles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:104-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Fekete S, Dong MW, Zhang T, Guillarme D. High resolution reversed phase analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography column coupling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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