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Tryon-Tasson N, Ryoo D, Eor P, Anderson JL. Silver-mediated separations: A comprehensive review on advancements of argentation chromatography, facilitated transport membranes, and solid-phase extraction techniques and their applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464133. [PMID: 37329654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of silver(I) ions in chemical separations, also known as argentation separations, is a powerful approach for the selective separation and analysis of many natural and synthetic organic compounds. In this review, a comprehensive discussion of the most common argentation separation techniques, including argentation-liquid chromatography (Ag-LC), argentation-gas chromatography (Ag-GC), argentation-facilitated transport membranes (Ag-FTMs), and argentation-solid phase extraction (Ag-SPE) is provided. For each of these techniques, notable advancements, optimized separations, and innovative applications are discussed. The review begins with an explanation of the fundamental chemistry underlying argentation separations, mainly the reversible π-complexation between silver(I) ions and carbon-carbon double bonds. Within Ag-LC, the use of silver(I) ions in thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as preparative LC are explored. This discussion focuses on how silver(I) ions are employed in the stationary and mobile phase to separate unsaturated compounds. For Ag-GC and Ag-FTMs, different silver compounds and supporting media are discussed, often with relation to olefin-paraffin separations. Ag-SPE has been widely employed for the selective extraction of unsaturated compounds from complex matrices in sample preparation. This comprehensive review of Ag-LC, Ag-GC, Ag-FTMs, and Ag-SPE techniques emphasizes the immense potential of argentation separations in separations science and serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking to learn, optimize, and utilize argentation separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tryon-Tasson
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Donghyun Ryoo
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Philip Eor
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Stabilization of {Ag20(StBu)10} and {Ag19(StBu)10} Toroidal Complexes in DMSO: HPLC-ICP-AES, PL, and Structural Studies. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of DMSO provides a unique ability to stabilize silver toroidal complexes in the direct reaction between AgStBu and AgNO3 at 80 °C. Slow cooling results in large crystals of [NO3@Ag19.2(StBu)10(DMSO)5.2(NO3)8.2]·3DMSO (1), which were isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. The crystal structure contains both {Ag20(StBu)10} and {Ag19(StBu)10} clusters. The solution of these material in DMSO was studied with HPLC techniques, which demonstrated the presence of both complexes in solution. The use of [SiW12O40]4– as counter anion gives crystals of a double complex salt [Ag17.8(NO3)3.8(StBu)10][SiW12O40]·30DMSO (2) under the same conditions. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) was studied.
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Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples.
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Liao S, Dillon JT, Huang C, Santos E, Huang Y. Silver (I)-dimercaptotriazine functionalized silica: A highly selective liquid chromatography stationary phase targeting unsaturated molecules. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462122. [PMID: 33853010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Silver(I)-mercaptopropyl (Ag-MP) functionalized silica gel has demonstrated its effectiveness in separating various unsaturated organic compounds including unsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), triglycerols (TAGs) and long-chain alkyl ketones (alkenones). While Ag-MP stationary phase displays many advantages over the conventional silver ion-impregnated silica gel (e.g., stability, high recovery, etc.), potential drawbacks of Ag-MP include relatively low retentions for unsaturated molecules, which could limit chromatographic resolutions under certain circumstances. In this study, we evaluate a new silver-thiolate stationary phase: silver(I)-dimercaptotriazine (Ag-DMT) functionalized silica gel targeting the separation of unsaturated compounds. We show Ag-DMT affords substantially higher retention factors, peak resolutions and capacities for TAGs and FAEEs than Ag-MP does. Ag-DMT also yields higher purity eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from fish oil FAEE mixtures than Ag-MP. In addition, Ag-DMT resolves double bond positional and cis/trans-isomers of C18:1 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as well as unsaturated methyl/ethyl alkenones with different number of double bonds. Based on van't Hoff plots, enthalpy changes during the adsorption of unsaturated FAEEs onto Ag-DMT are ~2 times higher than those on Ag-MP. Such difference may be attributed to the stronger electron-withdrawing effect of the thiol group on DMT, which results in more positively charged silver ions hence greater interactions with unsaturated molecules. The stronger interaction between double bonds and Ag-DMT is further corroborated by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Ag-DMT shows its high stability for repeated uses in the separation of TAGs over 319 runs, with peak resolutions decreasing by < 3%. Collectively, our data demonstrate the exceptionally high efficiency of Ag-DMT column for separating unsaturated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - James T Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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Gong M, Wei W, Hu Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Structure determination of conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1153:122292. [PMID: 32755819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids (CLA and CLnA) can be found in dairy, ruminant meat and oilseeds, these types of unsaturated fatty acids consist of various positional and geometrical isomers, and have demonstrated health-promoting potential for human beings. Extensive reviews have reported the physiological effects of CLA, CLnA, while little is known regarding their isomer-specific effects. However, the isomers are difficult to identify, owing to (i) the similar retention time in common chromatographic methods; and (ii) the isomers are highly sensitive to high temperature, pH changes, and oxidation. The uncertainties in molecular structure have hindered investigations on the physiological effects of CLA and CLnA. Therefore, this review presents a summary of the currently available technologies for the structural determination of CLA and CLnA, including the presence confirmation, double bond position determination, and the potential stereo-isomer determination. Special focus has been projected to the novel techniques for structure determination of CLA and CLnA. Some possible future directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Gong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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An efficient approach to eliminate steryl ethers and miscellaneous esters/ketones for gas chromatographic analysis of alkenones and alkenoates. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Menta S, Ciogli A, Villani C, Gasparrini F, Pierini M. Recognition mechanism of aromatic derivatives resolved by argentation chromatography: The driving role played by substituent groups. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1019:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang X, Peng Q, Li P, Zhang Q, Ding X, Zhang W, Zhang L. Identification of triacylglycerol using automated annotation of high resolution multistage mass spectral trees. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 940:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang J, Xiao X, Chen T, Liu T, Tao H, He J. High-performance liquid chromatography — Ultraviolet method for the determination of total specific migration of nine ultraviolet absorbers in food simulants based on 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine and organic phase anion exchange solid phase extraction to remove glyceride. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1451:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Donot F, Strub C, Fontana A, Jouy N, Delbes C, Gunata Z, Schorr-Galindo S. Rapid analysis and quantification of major neutral lipid species and free fatty acids by HPLC-ELSD from microalgae. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Donot
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Total SA; Pôle Recherche et Développement Mont/Lacq; Lacq France
| | - Caroline Strub
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | | | - Nicolas Jouy
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | | | - Ziya Gunata
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
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Dillon JT, Longo WM, Zhang Y, Torozo R, Huang Y. Identification of double-bond positions in isomeric alkenones from a lacustrine haptophyte. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:112-118. [PMID: 26661977 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Measurements of alkenone unsaturation ratios are widely used for paleotemperature reconstructions in ocean and lake environments. Previously, we reported the discovery of a series of tri-unsaturated alkenone positional isomers (Δ(14, 21, 28) ) from oligosaline and freshwater lakes in Greenland and Alaska. In this work we provide a detailed analysis of the structures and isotopic compositions (δ(13) C and δ(2) H) of the alkenones produced by the "Greenland haptophyte". METHODS Alkenones were extracted from sediments of Lake BrayaSø, Greenland. Alkenone double-bond positions were determined by GC/EI-MS analysis of alkenone dimethyl disulfide and cyclobutylimine derivatives. Alkenones were purified by semi-preparative HPLC using a silver(I) thiolate stationary phase. Carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis was performed by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS). RESULTS A series of novel tri-unsaturated alkenone positional isomers were identified among four alkenone homologues (i.e. C37 Me , C38 Me , C38 Et , and C39 Et ) with double-bond positions at Δ(14, 21, 28) . The hydrogen isotope compositions (δ(2) H, VSMOW) of the tri-unsaturated positional isomers from C37 Me and C38 Et were slightly depleted (~ -11 ‰) relative to the common tri-unsaturated alkenone. The carbon isotope composition (δ(13) C, VPDB) of the tri-unsaturated positional isomers from the C37 Me , C38 Me , C38 Et , and C39 Et alkenones were significantly enriched (~ +4 ‰) relative to the common alkenones (di-, tri-, and tetra-unsaturated). CONCLUSIONS The novel tri-unsaturated alkenone positional isomers produced by the Greenland haptophyte possess Δ(14, 21, 28) double-bond positions, instead of the common Δ(7, 14, 21) double-bond positions. The hydrogen isotope values suggest the novel tri-unsaturated positional isomers could be biosynthetic precursors to the tetra-unsaturated alkenones (Δ(7, 14, 21, 28) ). However, the significantly higher carbon isotope values of the tri-unsaturated positional isomers relative to the common di-, tri- and tetra-unsaturated alkenones suggest these positional isomers may have different/additional biosynthetic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Dillon
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - William M Longo
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Rafael Torozo
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Sander M, Becker S, Thiery J, Ceglarek U. Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Triacyglycerol Species in Human Plasma by Flow-Injection Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Purification of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil using silver-thiolate chromatographic material and high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Aponte JC, Dillon JT, Huang Y. The unique liquid chromatographic properties of Group 11 transition metals for the separation of unsaturated organic compounds. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2563-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José C. Aponte
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence RI USA
| | - James T. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry; Brown University; Providence RI USA
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence RI USA
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Dillon JT, Aponte JC, Tsai YJ, Huang Y. Thin layer chromatography in the separation of unsaturated organic compounds using silver-thiolate chromatographic material. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1251:240-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aponte JC, Dillon JT, Tarozo R, Huang Y. Separation of unsaturated organic compounds using silver–thiolate chromatographic material. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1240:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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