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Al-Joumhawy MK, Chang JC, Sabzi F, Gabel D. Facile Attachment of Halides and Pseudohalides to Dodecaborate(2-) via Pd-catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073245. [PMID: 37050008 PMCID: PMC10096879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions with [B12H11I]2− as one partner have been used successfully for Kumada and Buchwald Hartwig couplings with Pd catalysis. Here, we found that the iodide could be substituted easily, and unexpectedly, with other halides such as Br and Cl, and with pseudohalides such as cyanide, azide, and isocyanate. We found that for Cl, Br, N3, and NCO, tetrabutylammonium salts—or sodium salts—were successful halide sources, whereas for cyanide, CuCN was the only halide source that allowed a successful exchange. The azide could be reacted further in a click reaction with triazoles. While no substitution with fluoride occurred, tetrabutylammonium fluoride in the presence of water led to [B12H11OH]2−. Yields were high to very high, and reaction times were short when using a microwave oven as a heating source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jui-Chi Chang
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Fariba Sabzi
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Detlef Gabel
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Supramolecular chemistry of anionic boron clusters and its applications in biology. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rohdenburg M, Yang Z, Su P, Bernhardt E, Yuan Q, Apra E, Grabowsky S, Laskin J, Jenne C, Wang XB, Warneke J. Properties of gaseous closo-[B 6X 6] 2- dianions (X = Cl, Br, I). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17713-17724. [PMID: 32728676 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure, collision-induced dissociation (CID) and bond properties of closo-[B6X6]2- (X = Cl-I) are investigated in direct comparison with their closo-[B12X12]2- analogues. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical investigations reveal that [B6X6]2- dianions are electronically significantly less stable than the corresponding [B12X12]2- species. Although [B6Cl6]2- is slightly electronically unstable, [B6Br6]2- and [B6I6]2- are intrinsically stable dianions. Consistent with the trend in the electron detachment energy, loss of an electron (e- loss) is observed in CID of [B6X6]2- (X = Cl, Br) but not for [B6I6]2-. Halogenide loss (X- loss) is common for [B6X6]2- (X = Br, I) and [B12X12]2- (X = Cl, Br, I). Meanwhile, X˙ loss is only observed for [B12X12]2- (X = Br, I) species. The calculated reaction enthalpies of the three competing dissociation pathways (e-, X- and X˙ loss) indicated a strong influence of kinetic factors on the observed fragmentation patterns. The repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) determines the transition state for the e- and X- losses. A significantly lower RCB for X- loss than for e- loss was found in both experimental and theoretical investigations and can be rationalized by the recently introduced concept of electrophilic anions. The positive reaction enthalpies for X- losses are significantly lower for [B6X6]2- than for [B12X12]2-, while enthalpies for X˙ losses are higher. These observations are consistent with a difference in bond character of the B-X bonds in [B6X6]2- and [B12X12]2-. A complementary bonding analysis using QTAIM, NPA and ELI-D based methods suggests that B-X bonds in [B12X12]2- have a stronger covalent character than in [B6X6]2-, in which X has a stronger halide character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Assaf KI, Nau WM. The Chaotropic Effect as an Assembly Motif in Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13968-13981. [PMID: 29992706 PMCID: PMC6220808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following up on scattered reports on interactions of conventional chaotropic ions (for example, I- , SCN- , ClO4- ) with macrocyclic host molecules, biomolecules, and hydrophobic neutral surfaces in aqueous solution, the chaotropic effect has recently emerged as a generic driving force for supramolecular assembly, orthogonal to the hydrophobic effect. The chaotropic effect becomes most effective for very large ions that extend beyond the classical Hofmeister scale and that can be referred to as superchaotropic ions (for example, borate clusters and polyoxometalates). In this Minireview, we present a continuous scale of water-solute interactions that includes the solvation of kosmotropic, chaotropic, and hydrophobic solutes, as well as the creation of void space (cavitation). Recent examples for the association of chaotropic anions to hydrophobic synthetic and biological binding sites, lipid bilayers, and surfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Deutschland
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Fernandez-Alvarez R, Ďorďovič V, Uchman M, Matějíček P. Amphiphiles without Head-and-Tail Design: Nanostructures Based on the Self-Assembly of Anionic Boron Cluster Compounds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3541-3554. [PMID: 29144761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anionic boron cluster compounds (ABCCs) are intrinsically amphiphilic building blocks suitable for nanochemistry. ABCCs are involved in atypical weak interactions, notably dihydrogen bonding, due to their peculiar polyhedral structure, consisting of negatively charged B-H units. The most striking feature of ABCCs that differentiates them from typical surfactants is the lack of head-and-tail structure. Furthermore, their structure can be described as intrinsically amphiphilic or aquaneutral. Therefore, classical terms established to describe self-assembly of classical amphiphiles are insufficient and need to be reconsidered. The opinions and theories focused on the solution behavior of ABCCs are briefly discussed. Moreover, a comparison between ABCCs with other amphiphilic systems is made focusing on the explanation of enthalpy-driven micellization or relations between hydrophobic and chaotropic effects. Despite the unusual structure, ABCCs still show self- and coassembly properties comparable to classical amphiphiles such as ionic surfactants. They self-assemble into micelles in water according to the closed association model. The most typical features of ABCCs solution behavior is demonstrated on calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, and tensiometry experiments. Altogether, the unique features of ABCCs makes them a valuable inclusion into the nanochemisty toolbox to develop novel nanostructures both alone and with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fernandez-Alvarez
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague 2 , Czechia
| | - Vladimír Ďorďovič
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague 2 , Czechia
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague 2 , Czechia
| | - Pavel Matějíček
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague 2 , Czechia
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Ďorďovič V, Tošner Z, Uchman M, Zhigunov A, Reza M, Ruokolainen J, Pramanik G, Cígler P, Kalíková K, Gradzielski M, Matějíček P. Stealth Amphiphiles: Self-Assembly of Polyhedral Boron Clusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6713-22. [PMID: 27287067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This is the first experimental evidence that both self-assembly and surface activity are common features of all water-soluble boron cluster compounds. The solution behavior of anionic polyhedral boranes (sodium decaborate, sodium dodecaborate, and sodium mercaptododecaborate), carboranes (potassium 1-carba-dodecaborate), and metallacarboranes {sodium [cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide)]} was extensively studied, and it is evident that all the anionic boron clusters form multimolecular aggregates in water. However, the mechanism of aggregation is dependent on size and polarity. The series of studied clusters spans from a small hydrophilic decaborate-resembling hydrotrope to a bulky hydrophobic cobalt bis(dicarbollide) behaving like a classical surfactant. Despite their pristine structure resembling Platonic solids, the nature of anionic boron cluster compounds is inherently amphiphilic-they are stealth amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mehedi Reza
- Aalto University , Department of Applied Physics Nanotalo, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Aalto University , Department of Applied Physics Nanotalo, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cígler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. TC 7, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
AbstractBoron clusters have been employed successfully as constituents in bioactive substances. In this review, the perspectives of boron clusters for drug design and problems to be solved for a broader application are discussed, and a list of actions is given for overcoming the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Gabel
- 1Life Science and Health, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Kowalski K, Goszczyński T, Leśnikowski ZJ, Boratyński J. Synthesis of lysozyme-metallacarborane conjugates and the effect of boron cluster modification on protein structure and function. Chembiochem 2015; 16:424-31. [PMID: 25589498 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary methods, "in solution" and "in solid state", for the synthesis of lysozyme modified with metallacarborane (cobalt bis(dicarbollide), Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 (2-) ) were developed. As metallacarborane donors, oxonium adducts of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and 1,4-dioxane or tetrahydropyran were used. The physicochemical and biochemical properties of the obtained lysozyme-metallacarborane conjugates were studied for changes in secondary and tertiary structure, aggregation behavior, and biological activity. Only minor changes in primary, secondary, and tertiary protein structure were observed, caused by the single substitution of metallacarborane on lysozyme. However, the modification produced significant changes in lysozyme enzymatic activity and a tendency toward time- and temperature-dependent aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- "Neolek" Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wrocław (Poland).
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Awad D, Bartok M, Mostaghimi F, Schrader I, Sudumbrekar N, Schaffran T, Jenne C, Eriksson J, Winterhalter M, Fritz J, Edwards K, Gabel D. Halogenated Dodecaborate Clusters as Agents to Trigger Release of Liposomal Contents. Chempluschem 2015; 80:656-664. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schaffran T, Jiang N, Bergmann M, Küstermann E, Süss R, Schubert R, Wagner FM, Awad D, Gabel D. Hemorrhage in mouse tumors induced by dodecaborate cluster lipids intended for boron neutron capture therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3583-90. [PMID: 25114527 PMCID: PMC4122578 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of boron-containing lipids with three different structures, which were intended for use in boron neutron capture therapy, was investigated. All three types of boron lipids contained the anionic dodecaborate cluster as the headgroup. Their effects on two different tumor models in mice following intravenous injection were tested; for this, liposomes with boron lipid, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol as helper lipids, and containing a polyethylene glycol lipid for steric protection, were administered intravenously into tumor-bearing mice (C3H mice for SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma and BALB/c mice for CT26/WT colon carcinoma). With the exception of one lipid (B-THF-14), the lipids were well tolerated, and no other animal was lost due to systemic toxicity. The lipid which led to death was not found to be much more toxic in cell culture than the other boron lipids. All of the lipids that were well tolerated showed hemorrhage in both tumor models within a few hours after administration. The hemorrhage could be seen by in vivo magnetic resonance and histology, and was found to occur within a few hours. The degree of hemorrhage depended on the amount of boron administered and on the tumor model. The observed unwanted effect of the lipids precludes their use in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Bergmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Germany ; Cooperative Center Medicine, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Regine Süss
- Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Rolf Schubert
- Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Franz M Wagner
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Unversitaet Muenchen, Garching, Germany
| | - Doaa Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Detlef Gabel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, Germany ; Institute of Neuropathology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Germany ; School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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