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Hitzemann M, Kirk AT, Lippmann M, Nitschke A, Burckhardt O, Winkelholz J, Zimmermann S. High-Resolution Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer with Ultra-Fast Polarity Switching. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14630-14638. [PMID: 39190505 PMCID: PMC11391402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Besides safety and security applications, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is increasingly used in other fields such as medicine, environmental monitoring and food quality analysis. However, some applications require gas chromatographic separation before analysis by IMS. Furthermore, different compounds in the sample may form positive or negative ions during ionization and therefore simultaneous detection of both ion polarities is highly beneficial to avoid two chromatographic runs of the same sample. This can be achieved by ultra-fast polarity switching of a single drift tube IMS, allowing for quasi-simultaneous detection of both ion polarities. By using a ramped aperture voltage during the switching process, we overcome the issue of excessive displacement currents at the detector during polarity switching, which usually lead to overdriving the output signal of the high-gain transimpedance amplifier. Furthermore, mechanical aperture grid oscillations caused by polarity switching were also reduced through the ramped aperture voltage. This enables a polarity switching time of only 7 ms at a drift voltage of 8 kV and a drift length of 103 mm, leading to a high resolving power of RP = 117. Requiring 50 ms to acquire a pair of positive and negative spectrum, the IMS achieves an acquisition rate of 20 Hz. It reaches limits of detection of 20 pptv for dimethyl methylphosphonate and 40 pptv for methyl salicylate. For demonstration, different hop varieties were investigated and could be clearly differentiated by considering both, the positive and negative spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hitzemann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Ansgar T Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Martin Lippmann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Alexander Nitschke
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Olaf Burckhardt
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Jonas Winkelholz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
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Song N, Tian Y, Luo Z, Dai J, Liu Y, Duan Y. Advances in pretreatment and analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6099-6113. [PMID: 35424557 PMCID: PMC8981609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene compounds that are prevalent in the soil as organic pollutants mainly include BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). These pose a severe threat to many aspects of human health. Therefore, the accurate measurement of BTEX and PAHs concentrations in the soil is of great importance. The samples for analysis of BTEX and PAHs need to be suitable for the various detection methods after pretreatment, which include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase microextraction, supercritical extraction, and needle trap. The detection techniques mainly consist of gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), and online sensors, and provide comprehensive information on contaminants in the soil. Their performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and recovery. Recently, there has been rapid progress in the pretreatment and analysis methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of BTEX and PAHs. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a timely and in-depth review of the emerging pretreatment and analysis methods, which is unfortunately absent from the recent literature. In this work, state-of-art extraction techniques and analytical methods have been summarized for the determination of BTEX and PAHs in soil, with a particular focus on the potential and limitations of the respective methods for different aromatic hydrocarbons. Accordingly, the paper will describe the basic methodological knowledge, as well as the recent advancement of pretreatment and analysis methods for samples containing BTEX and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
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Hitzemann M, Kirk AT, Lippmann M, Bohnhorst A, Zimmermann S. Miniaturized Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer with Ultra-Fast Polarity Switching. Anal Chem 2022; 94:777-786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hitzemann
- Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar T. Kirk
- Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Lippmann
- Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Bohnhorst
- Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Pu D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun B, Ren F, Chen H, He J. Characterization of the aroma release and perception of white bread during oral processing by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and temporal dominance of sensations analysis. Food Res Int 2019; 123:612-622. [PMID: 31285010 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the aroma release and perception from white bread during oral processing by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and dynamic sensory evaluation of temporal dominance of sensations (TDS). TDS curves indicated that two maximum aroma perception signals, fermentation-like and flour-like attributes, were perceived at the beginning and swallowing, respectively. The fermentation-like, flour-like, and sour attributes were the 3 dominant aromas during oral processing. A total of 35 volatile compounds were detected in the mouth cavity during chewing white bread, 19 of them were confirmed and quantified by using the respective external standard. Based on PLSR analysis, 8 aroma compounds were predicted as potent odorants contributing to the aroma perception from chewing white bread. By application of odor activity values analysis and addition experiments, ethyl butanoate, butyl acetate, hexanal, 3-(methylthio)-propanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 2,3-butanedione were confirmed as the key odorants contributing to the aroma perception during chewing of white bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Pu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jinna He
- Shandong Hanon Instruments Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China
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Jurado-Campos N, Carpio A, Zougagh M, Arce L, Arroyo-Manzanares N. Innovative coupling of supercritical fluid extraction with ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 188:637-643. [PMID: 30029424 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a pioneer on-line hyphenation between a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) detector through a Tenax TA sorbent trap as retention interface. By means of a simple design, taking advantage of both techniques, this new coupling allows us to extract and preconcentrate analytes and in a second step to determine them. As result, an increase in the accuracy of the analytical process was achieved by elimination of sample transfer from one device to another. In addition, this new coupling reduces the time needed for the optimization of a new SFE method, since the detector can monitor on-line the efficiency of the extraction. The parameters affecting the coupling and its success have been studied in detail via the extraction of benzene and toluene from soil samples. Finally, the suitability of IMS as on-line detector to monitor compounds of industrial interest extracted by SFE was evaluated taking as a model, the extraction and detection of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) in rosemary aromatic plants, which could be extrapolated on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Jurado-Campos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Azahara Carpio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research, IRICA, Av. Camilo José Cela 10, E-13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; Castilla-La Mancha Science and Technology Park, E-02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arce
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Ion mobility spectrometry: Current status and application for chemical warfare agents detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ion mobility spectrometry fingerprints: A rapid detection technology for adulteration of sesame oil. Food Chem 2016; 192:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Krisilova EV, Levina AM, Makarenko VA. Determination of the volatile compounds of vegetable oils using an ion-mobility spectrometer. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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