1
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Leskovec M, Raspor A, Fujs V, Mihevc A, Štrancar A. Preferential exclusion chromatography as a capture step for extracellular AAV harvest from adherent and suspension productions. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1934-1942. [PMID: 37599280 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Preferential exclusion chromatography (PXC) sometimes described as hydrophobic interaction chromatography is a well-known, but not widely used technique for purification of Adeno-associated viruses. It employs high molarity of preferentially excluded cosolvent (salt in our case). The downside of this method is that high molarity of salt can lead to aggregation and precipitation of different compounds from the sample. In the case of viruses that are excreted to medium, the concentration of impurities is much lower compared to cell lysates, and PXC can be used as a first chromatographic, serotype independent step to concentrate and purify adeno-associated virus (AAV). Here, we explored PXC for adherent and suspension harvests using monolithic chromatographic columns (CIMmultus). Suspension extracellular adeno-associated virus, serotype 9 (AAV9) harvest had more impurities compared to adherent harvest, therefore it required higher input regarding method development. Final conditions for suspension harvest included higher molarity of binding salt and using more open channel format of chromatographic column (6 µm channel size). Vector genome analysis with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) revealed 84% and 97% recovery for suspension and adherent AAV9 harvest, respectively. After PXC capture step, adherent AAV9 was purified by already described ion exchange techniques. Overall process vector genome recovery, from clarified harvest to anion exchange elution fraction, was 54% measured by ddPCR. Residual host cell DNA was measured at 40 ng per 1E13 vector genome, and empty AAV was below 5% in final anion exchange chromatography fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Leskovec
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Raspor
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Fujs
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Mihevc
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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2
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Kilgore R, Minzoni A, Shastry S, Smith W, Barbieri E, Wu Y, LeBarre JP, Chu W, O'Brien J, Menegatti S. The downstream bioprocess toolbox for therapeutic viral vectors. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464337. [PMID: 37722177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors are poised to acquire a prominent position in modern medicine and biotechnology owing to their role as delivery agents for gene therapies, oncolytic agents, vaccine platforms, and a gateway to engineer cell therapies as well as plants and animals for sustainable agriculture. The success of viral vectors will critically depend on the availability of flexible and affordable biomanufacturing strategies that can meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. In this context, a key role will be played by downstream process technology: while initially adapted from protein purification media, the purification toolbox for viral vectors is currently undergoing a rapid expansion to fit the unique biomolecular characteristics of these products. Innovation efforts are articulated on two fronts, namely (i) the discovery of affinity ligands that target adeno-associated virus, lentivirus, adenovirus, etc.; (ii) the development of adsorbents with innovative morphologies, such as membranes and 3D printed monoliths, that fit the size of viral vectors. Complementing these efforts are the design of novel process layouts that capitalize on novel ligands and adsorbents to ensure high yield and purity of the product while safeguarding its therapeutic efficacy and safety; and a growing panel of analytical methods that monitor the complex array of critical quality attributes of viral vectors and correlate them to the purification strategies. To help explore this complex and evolving environment, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the downstream bioprocess toolbox for viral vectors established in the last decade, and discusses present efforts and future directions contributing to the success of this promising class of biological medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - Arianna Minzoni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Will Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Jacob P LeBarre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Juliana O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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3
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Labisch JJ, Wiese GP, Pflanz K, Linkhorst J. Impact of the Membrane Structure of the Stationary Phase on Steric Exclusion Chromatography (SXC) of Lentiviral Vectors. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:849. [PMID: 37888021 PMCID: PMC10609039 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
For steric exclusion chromatography (SXC), hydrophilic stationary phases are used to capture the target molecule in the presence of polyethylene glycol. The influence of the structure and pore size of the stationary phase on the process requirements are not yet well understood. To better understand the SXC process, membranes with different pore sizes that served as a stationary phase were compared for the purification of lentiviral vectors (LVs). A design of experiments (DoE) was performed to assess the combined impact of PEG concentration and membrane pore size on the purification performance. A visualization experiment showed that the LVs were captured on the first membrane layer for a pore size up to 2.2 µm, and for a pore size larger than 2.2 µm, LVs were also partly found on the second and third membrane layers. Moreover, we could observe that increasing membrane pore size requires a higher PEG concentration to achieve comparable LV recoveries. Using five membrane layers as a stationary phase was sufficient to achieve good performance, supporting the visualized capture results. In conclusion, we could show that each stationary phase has its optimal PEG buffer compositions for SXC, depending on the membrane structure and pore size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Labisch
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius, Otto-Brenner-Str. 20, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G. Philip Wiese
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius, Otto-Brenner-Str. 20, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
- Chemical Process Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Pflanz
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius, Otto-Brenner-Str. 20, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Chemical Process Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Ren Y, Ye P, Zhang L, Zhao J, Liu J, Lei J, Wang L. Three-dimensional porous wood monolithic columns for efficient purification of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125713. [PMID: 37437676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research has been devoted to finding a cost-effective chromatographic matrix with efficient adsorption and high throughput. Wood exhibits complex micro-network structures that make it a powerful contender for a novel environment-friendly chromatographic matrix material. We demonstrate a novel strategy to manufacture a wood monolithic column, which chemically modified the wood and imported diethyl aminoethyl, diethylamine, and amino groups. This wood monolithic column can maintain fully monolithic column performances and highly selective to spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 by ion exchange force. The wood monolithic column was evaluated by static adsorption, dynamic adsorption, and frontal analysis. The results showed that the static adsorption capacity of the wood monolithic column with 2-diethylaminoethylchloride hydrochloride for bovine serum albumin was 14.72 mg/g, and the adsorption process was chemisorption. In addition, it retained 80 % adsorption capacity after 110 repeated adsorption-elution cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiandu Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Luying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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5
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Hillebrandt N, Hubbuch J. Size-selective downstream processing of virus particles and non-enveloped virus-like particles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1192050. [PMID: 37304136 PMCID: PMC10248422 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1192050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-enveloped virus-like particles (VLPs) are versatile protein nanoparticles with great potential for biopharmaceutical applications. However, conventional protein downstream processing (DSP) and platform processes are often not easily applicable due to the large size of VLPs and virus particles (VPs) in general. The application of size-selective separation techniques offers to exploit the size difference between VPs and common host-cell impurities. Moreover, size-selective separation techniques offer the potential for wide applicability across different VPs. In this work, basic principles and applications of size-selective separation techniques are reviewed to highlight their potential in DSP of VPs. Finally, specific DSP steps for non-enveloped VLPs and their subunits are reviewed as well as the potential applications and benefits of size-selective separation techniques are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Arakawa T, Tomioka Y, Nakagawa M, Sakuma C, Kurosawa Y, Ejima D, Tsumoto K, Akuta T. Non-Affinity Purification of Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010015. [PMID: 36810520 PMCID: PMC9944463 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, purification of antibodies is mainly carried out using a platform technology composed primarily of Protein A chromatography as a capture step, regardless of the scale. However, Protein A chromatography has a number of drawbacks, which are summarized in this review. As an alternative, we propose a simple small-scale purification protocol without Protein A that uses novel agarose native gel electrophoresis and protein extraction. For large-scale antibody purification, we suggest mixed-mode chromatography that can in part mimic the properties of Protein A resin, focusing on 4-Mercapto-ethyl-pyridine (MEP) column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yui Tomioka
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Tahahagi 318-0004, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakagawa
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Tahahagi 318-0004, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sakuma
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Tahahagi 318-0004, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kurosawa
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Tahahagi 318-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ejima
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, Sayama 350-1332, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Tahahagi 318-0004, Japan
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7
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Labisch JJ, Paul R, Wiese GP, Pflanz K. Scaling Up of Steric Exclusion Membrane Chromatography for Lentiviral Vector Purification. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:149. [PMID: 36837652 PMCID: PMC9958935 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are widely used in clinical trials of gene and cell therapy. Low LV stability incentivizes constant development and the improvement of gentle process steps. Steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) has gained interest in the field of virus purification but scaling up has not yet been addressed. In this study, the scaling up of lentiviral vector purification by SXC with membrane modules was approached. Visualization of the LVs captured on the membrane during SXC showed predominant usage of the upper membrane layer. Furthermore, testing of different housing geometries showed a strong influence on the uniform usage of the membrane. The main use of the first membrane layer places a completely new requirement on the scaling of the process and the membrane modules. When transferring the SXC process to smaller or larger membrane modules, it became apparent that scaling of the flow rate is a critical factor that must be related to the membrane area of the first layer. Performing SXC at different scales demonstrated that a certain critical minimum surface area-dependent flow rate is necessary to achieve reproducible LV recoveries. With the presented scaling approach, we were able to purify 980 mL LVs with a recovery of 68%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Julia Labisch
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Paul
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
- Chemical Process Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - G. Philip Wiese
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
- Chemical Process Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Pflanz
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, August-Spindler-Straße 11, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Eilts F, Steger M, Pagallies F, Rziha HJ, Hardt M, Amann R, Wolff MW. Comparison of sample preparation techniques for the physicochemical characterization of Orf virus particles. J Virol Methods 2022; 310:114614. [PMID: 36084768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the electrostatic charge of biological nanoparticles requires a purified, mono-disperse, and concentrated sample. Previous studies proofed an impact of the preparation protocol on the stability and electro-hydrodynamics of viruses, whereas commonly used methods are often complex and do not allow the required sample throughput. In the present study, the application of the (I) steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) for the Orf virus (ORFV) purification and subsequent physicochemical characterization was evaluated and compared to (II) SXC followed by centrifugal diafiltration and (III) sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation. The three methods were characterized in terms of protein removal, size distribution, infectious virus recovery, visual appearance, and electrophoretic mobility as a function of pH. All preparation techniques achieved a protein removal of more than 99 %, and (I) an infectious ORFV recovery of more than 85 %. Monodisperse samples were realized by (I) and (III). In summary, ORFV samples prepared by (I) and (III) displayed comparable quality. Additionally, (I) offered the shortest operation time and easy application. Based on the obtained data, the three procedures were ranked according to eight criteria of possible practical relevance, which delineate the potential of SXC as virus preparation method for physicochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Eilts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marleen Steger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Pagallies
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Joachim Rziha
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hardt
- Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; PRiME Vector Technologies, Herrenberger Straße 24, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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9
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Minkner R, Boonyakida J, Park EY, Wätzig H. Oligonucleotide separation techniques for purification and analysis: What can we learn for today's tasks? Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2402-2427. [PMID: 36285667 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are the blueprint of life. They are not only the construction plan of the single cell or higher associations of them, but also necessary for function, communication and regulation. Due to the pandemic, the attention shifted in particular to their therapeutic potential as a vaccine. As pharmaceutical oligonucleotides are unique in terms of their stability and application, special delivery systems were also considered. Oligonucleotide production systems can vary and depend on the feasibility, availability, price and intended application. To achieve good purity, reliable results and match the strict specifications in the pharmaceutical industry, the separation of oligonucleotides is always essential. Besides the separation required for production, additional and specifically different separation techniques are needed for analysis to determine if the product complies with the designated specifications. After a short introduction to ribonucleic acids (RNAs), messenger RNA vaccines, and their production and delivery systems, an overview regarding separation techniques will be provided. This not only emphasises electrophoretic separations but also includes spin columns, extractions, precipitations, magnetic nanoparticles and several chromatographic separation principles, such as ion exchange chromatography, ion-pair reversed-phase, size exclusion and affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Minkner
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jirayu Boonyakida
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Eilts F, Lothert K, Orbay S, Pagallies F, Amann R, Wolff MW. A Summary of Practical Considerations for the Application of the Steric Exclusion Chromatography for the Purification of the Orf Viral Vector. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1070. [PMID: 36363625 PMCID: PMC9696199 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) is a promising purification method for biological macromolecules such as the Orf virus (ORFV) vector. The method's principle is closely related to conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, repeatedly implementing membranes as porous chromatographic media. In the past decade, several purification tasks with SXC showed exceptionally high yields and a high impurity removal. However, the effect of varying process parameters, on the precipitation success and its limitations to SXC, is not yet well understood. For this reason, the precipitation behavior and SXC adaptation for ORFV were investigated for the PEG/ORFV contact time, the membranes pore size, and the type and concentration of ions. All three parameters influenced the ORFV recoveries significantly. A small pore size and a long contact time induced filtration effects and inhibited a full virus recovery. The application of salts had complex concentration-dependent effects on precipitation and SXC yields, and ranged from a complete prevention of precipitation in the presence of kosmotropic substances to increased efficiencies with Mg2+ ions. The latter finding might be useful to reduce PEG concentrations while maintaining high yields. With this knowledge, we hope to clarify several limitations of SXC operations and improve the tool-set for a successful process adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Eilts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabri Orbay
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Pagallies
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- PRiME Vector Technologies, Herrenberger Straße 24, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael W. Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Labisch JJ, Kassar M, Bollmann F, Valentic A, Hubbuch J, Pflanz K. Steric exclusion chromatography of lentiviral vectors using hydrophilic cellulose membranes. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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The Suitability of Latex Particles to Evaluate Critical Process Parameters in Steric Exclusion Chromatography. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050488. [PMID: 35629814 PMCID: PMC9144368 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) is a rather new method for the purification of large biomolecules and biological nanoparticles based on the principles of precipitation. The mutual steric exclusion of a nonionic organic polymer, i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG), induces target precipitation and leads to their retention on the chromatographic stationary phase. In this work, we investigated the application of latex particles in the SXC by altering the particle’s surface charge as well as the PEG concentration and correlated both with their aggregation behavior. The parameters of interest were offline precipitation kinetics, the product recovery and yield, and the chromatographic column blockage. Sulfated and hydroxylated polystyrene particles were first characterized concerning their aggregation behavior and charge in the presence of PEG and different pH conditions. Subsequently, the SXC performance was evaluated based on the preliminary tests. The studies showed (1) that the SXC process with latex particles was limited by aggregation and pore blockage, while (2) not the aggregate size itself, but rather the aggregation kinetics dominated the recoveries, and (3) functionalized polystyrene particles were only suitable to a limited extent to represent biological nanoparticles of comparable size and charge.
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13
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Zanker AA, Stargardt P, Kurzbach SC, Turrina C, Mairhofer J, Schwaminger SP, Berensmeier S. Direct capture and selective elution of a secreted polyglutamate-tagged nanobody using bare magnetic nanoparticles. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100577. [PMID: 35085417 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretion and direct capture of proteins from the extracellular medium is a promising approach for purification, thus enabling integrated bioprocesses. MAJOR RESULTS We demonstrate the secretion of a nanobody (VHH) to the extracellular medium (EM) and its direct capture by bare, non-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). An ompA signal peptide for periplasmic localization, a polyglutamate-tag (E8 ) for selective MNP binding, and a factor Xa protease cleavage site were fused N-terminally to the nanobody. The extracellular production of the E8 -VHH (36 mg L-1 ) was enabled using a growth-decoupled Escherichia coli-based expression system. The direct binding of E8 -VHH to the bare magnetic nanoparticles was possible and could be drastically improved up to a yield of 88% by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). The selectivity of the polyglutamate-tag enabled a selective elution of the E8 -VHH from the bare MNPs while raising the concentration factor (5x) and purification factor (4x) significantly. CONCLUSION Our studies clearly show that the unique combination of a growth-decoupled E. coli secretion system, the polyglutamate affinity tag, non-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, and affinity magnetic precipitation is an innovative and novel way to capture and concentrate nanobodies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zanker
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | | | - Sophie C Kurzbach
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Chiara Turrina
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
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14
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Aune K, Lee J, Prakash V, Bhat R, Andreu J, Monasterio O, Perez-Ramirez B, Shearwin K, Arakawa T, Carpenter J, Crowe J, Crowe L, Somero G, Gagnon P, Charles MT. A tribute to Dr. Serge N. Timasheff, our mentor. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:459-484. [PMID: 34471434 PMCID: PMC8355303 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dr. Serge N. Timasheff, our mentor and friend, passed away in 2019. This article is a collection of tributes from his postdoctoral fellows, friends, and daughter, who all have been associated with or influenced by him or his research. Dr. Timasheff is a pioneer of research on thermodynamic linkage between ligand interaction and macromolecular reaction. We all learned a great deal from Dr. Timasheff, not only about science but also about life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Aune
- 7647 Cortana Drive, Granger, IN 46530 USA
| | - James Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77059 USA
| | - V. Prakash
- Nutraceuticals and Nutritional Research Center, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajiv Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharalal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Jose Andreu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Monasterio
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Perez-Ramirez
- CMC-Drug Device Integration, DP-Due Diligence, Biologics Drug Product Development & Manufacturing, Sanofi, 1 the Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Keith Shearwin
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, 13380 Pantera Road, San Diego, CA 92130 USA
| | - John Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado Anshutz Medical Campus, Auroa, CO 80045 USA
| | - John Crowe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Lois Crowe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - George Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
| | - Pete Gagnon
- BIA Separations, Mirce 21, 5270, Ajdovscina, Slovenia
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15
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Alvim RGF, Lima TM, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP, Castilho LR. Process intensification for the production of yellow fever virus-like particles as potential recombinant vaccine antigen. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3581-3592. [PMID: 34143442 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening viral disease endemic in parts of Africa and Latin America. Although there is a very efficacious vaccine since the 1930s, YF still causes 29,000-60,000 annual deaths. During recent YF outbreaks there were issues of vaccine shortage of the current egg-derived vaccine; rare but fatal vaccine adverse effects occurred; and cases were imported to Asia, where the circulating mosquito vector could potentially start local transmission. Here we investigated the production of YF virus-like particles (VLPs) using stably transfected HEK293 cells. Process intensification was achieved by combining sequential FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) rounds to enrich the stable cell pool in terms of high producers and the use of perfusion processes. At shaken-tube scale, FACS enrichment of cells allowed doubling VLP production, and pseudoperfusion cultivation (with daily medium exchange) further increased VLP production by 9.3-fold as compared to batch operation mode. At perfusion bioreactor scale, the use of an inclined settler as cell retention device showed operational advantages over an ATF system. A one-step steric exclusion chromatography purification allowed significant removal of impurities and is a promising technique for future integration of upstream and downstream operations. Characterization by different techniques confirmed the identity and 3D-structure of the purified VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G F Alvim
- COPPE, PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Túlio M Lima
- COPPE, PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,School of Chemistry (EQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leda R Castilho
- COPPE, PEQ, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory (LECC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Demelenne A, Servais AC, Crommen J, Fillet M. Analytical techniques currently used in the pharmaceutical industry for the quality control of RNA-based therapeutics and ongoing developments. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462283. [PMID: 34107400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The number of RNA-based therapeutics has significantly grown in number on the market over the last 20 years. This number is expected to further increase in the coming years as many RNA therapeutics are being tested in late clinical trials stages. The first part of this paper considers the mechanism of action, the synthesis and the potential impurities resulting from synthesis as well as the strategies used to increase RNA-based therapeutics efficacy. In the second part of this review, the tests that are usually performed in the pharmaceutical industry for the quality testing of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) will be described. In the last part, the remaining challenges and the ongoing developments to meet them are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Demelenne
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, CHU, B36, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, CHU, B36, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, CHU, B36, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, CHU, B36, Liege 4000, Belgium.
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17
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Marichal-Gallardo P, Börner K, Pieler MM, Sonntag-Buck V, Obr M, Bejarano D, Wolff MW, Kräusslich HG, Reichl U, Grimm D. Single-Use Capture Purification of Adeno-Associated Viral Gene Transfer Vectors by Membrane-Based Steric Exclusion Chromatography. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:959-974. [PMID: 33554722 PMCID: PMC10116406 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present membrane-based steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) as a universal capture step for purification of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vectors independent of their serotype and surface characteristics. SXC is performed by mixing an unpurified cell culture supernatant containing AAV particles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and feeding the mixture onto a chromatography filter unit. The purified AAV particles are recovered by flushing the unit with a solution lacking PEG. SXC is an inexpensive single-use method that permits to concentrate, purify, and re-buffer AAV particles with yields >95% and >80% impurity clearance. SXC could theoretically be employed at industrial scales with units of nearly 20 m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Börner
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael M Pieler
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vera Sonntag-Buck
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Obr
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bejarano
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.,Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Development of a downstream process for the production of an inactivated whole hepatitis C virus vaccine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16261. [PMID: 33004836 PMCID: PMC7530675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet need for a prophylactic hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine to control the ongoing epidemic with this deadly pathogen. Many antiviral vaccines employ whole viruses as antigens. For HCV, this approach became feasible following the development of infectious cell culture systems for virus production. However, the lack of efficient downstream processes (DSP) for HCV purification poses a roadblock for the development of a whole virus vaccine. Using cell culture-derived genotype 1a HCV we developed a scalable and efficient DSP train, employing commonly used clarification and ultrafiltration techniques, followed by two membrane-based chromatography steps. For virus capture, steric exclusion chromatography using cellulose membranes was established, resulting in a virtually complete virus recovery with > 99% protein and 84% DNA depletion. Virus polishing was achieved by sulphated cellulose membrane adsorbers with ~ 50% virus recovery and > 99% protein and 90% DNA depletion. Additional nuclease digestion resulted in 99% overall DNA depletion with final DNA concentrations of 2 ng/mL. Process results were comparable for cell culture-derived HCV of another major genotype (5a). This study provides proof-of-concept for establishment of an efficient and economically attractive DSP with potential application for production of an inactivated whole virus vaccine against HCV for human use.
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19
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Lothert K, Dekevic G, Loewe D, Salzig D, Czermak P, Wolff MW. Upstream and Downstream Processes for Viral Nanoplexes as Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2183:217-248. [PMID: 32959247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing medical interest in viral nanoplexes, such as viruses or virus-like particles used for vaccines, gene therapy products, or oncolytic agents, raises the need for fast and efficient production processes. In general, these processes comprise upstream and downstream processing. For the upstream process, efficiency is mainly characterized by robustly achieving high titer yields, while reducing process times and costs with regard to the cell culture medium, the host cell selection, and the applied process conditions. The downstream part, on the other hand, should effectively remove process-related contaminants, such as host cells/cell debris as well as host cell DNA and proteins, while maintaining product stability and reducing product losses. This chapter outlines a combination of process steps to successfully produce virus particles in the controlled environment of a stirred tank bioreactor, combined with a platform-based purification approach using filtration-based clarification and steric exclusion chromatography. Additionally, suggestions for off-line analytics in terms of virus characterization and quantification as well as for contaminant estimation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Dekevic
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Division Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.
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20
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Lothert K, Pagallies F, Eilts F, Sivanesapillai A, Hardt M, Moebus A, Feger T, Amann R, Wolff MW. A scalable downstream process for the purification of the cell culture-derived Orf virus for human or veterinary applications. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:221-230. [PMID: 32860824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The large demand for safe and efficient viral vector-based vaccines and gene therapies against both inherited and acquired diseases accelerates the development of viral vectors. One outstanding example, the Orf virus, has a wide range of applications, a superior efficacy and an excellent safety profile combined with a reduced pathogenicity compared to other viral vectors. However, besides these favorable attributes, an efficient and scalable downstream process still needs to be developed. Recently, we screened potential chromatographic stationary phases for Orf virus purification. Based on these previous accomplishments, we developed a complete downstream process for the cell culture-derived Orf virus. The described process comprises a membrane-based clarification step, a nuclease treatment, steric exclusion chromatography, and a secondary chromatographic purification step using Capto® Core 700 resin. The applicability of this process to a variety of diverse Orf virus vectors was shown, testing two different genotypes. These studies render the possibility to apply the developed downstream scheme for both genotypes, and lead to overall virus yields of about 64 %, with step recoveries of >70 % for the clarification, and >90 % for the chromatography train. Protein concentrations of the final product are below the detection limits, and the final DNA concentration of about 1 ng per 1E + 06 infective virus units resembles a total DNA depletion of 96-98 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Pagallies
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Eilts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Arabi Sivanesapillai
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Hardt
- Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Moebus
- Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Feger
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany.
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21
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Lothert K, Pagallies F, Feger T, Amann R, Wolff MW. Selection of chromatographic methods for the purification of cell culture-derived Orf virus for its application as a vaccine or viral vector. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:62-72. [PMID: 32763261 PMCID: PMC7403136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of the isoelectric point and size of Vero cell-derived Orf virus. Limited dynamic binding capacity of tested Orf virus to sulfated cellulose. Purification of Orf virus by steric exclusion chromatography lead to 84 % recovery. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography suitable for Orf virus purification. Promising unit operations for a scalable DSP to produce Orf virus viral vectors.
In recent years, the Orf virus has become a promising tool for protective recombinant vaccines and oncolytic therapy. However, suitable methods for an Orf virus production, including up- and downstream, are very limited. The presented study focuses on downstream processing, describing the evaluation of different chromatographic unit operations. In this context, ion exchange-, pseudo-affinity- and steric exclusion chromatography were employed for the purification of the cell culture-derived Orf virus, aiming at a maximum in virus recovery and contaminant depletion. The most promising chromatographic methods for capturing the virus particles were the steric exclusion- or salt-tolerant anion exchange membrane chromatography, recovering 84 % and 86 % of the infectious virus. Combining the steric exclusion chromatography with a subsequent Capto™ Core 700 resin or hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography as a secondary chromatographic step, overall virus recoveries of up to 76 % were achieved. Furthermore, a complete cellular protein removal and a host cell DNA depletion of up to 82 % was possible for the steric exclusion membranes and the Capto™ Core 700 combination. The study reveals a range of possible unit operations suited for the chromatographic purification of the cell culture-derived Orf virus, depending on the intended application, i.e. a human or veterinary use, and the required purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Pagallies
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Feger
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany.
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22
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Smith T, Stern E, Tan E, Vacic A, Fahie-Wilson M. Macroprolactinemia Detection by Magnetically Assisted Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation: Potential for Automation. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:494-505. [PMID: 32445359 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroprolactin is an immunoglobulin-prolactin complex that is not bioactive in vivo but the prolactin component remains immunoreactive. The complex is a universal source of interference in prolactin immunoassays and commonly results in misdiagnosis of hyperprolactinemia with consequent clinical mismanagement of patients. Removal of macroprolactin by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an effective technique for identifying such patients but unfortunately not universally employed due to the manual nature of the procedure. METHODS We developed a modified PEG precipitation technique using magnetic nanoparticles that we termed Magnetically Assisted PEG Precipitation (MAPP). This procedure was verified against an established PEG precipitation procedure. RESULTS The MAPP procedure we developed was robust, reproducible, and affords the potential for automation of macroprolactin screening in clinical laboratories. Comparisons of prolactin levels obtained following MAPP in sera from patients with either true hyperprolactinemia or macroprolactinemia generated results comparable to that of conventional PEG precipitation. CONCLUSIONS The MAPP technique yields results comparable to those of traditional PEG precipitation. Elimination of the need for centrifugation affords the possibility of automation and hence more widespread adoption of routine PEG screening by clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Smith
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Michael Fahie-Wilson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Southend Hospital, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex SSO ORY, UK
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23
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Polysaccharide-based chromatographic adsorbents for virus purification and viral clearance. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:291-312. [PMID: 32292625 PMCID: PMC7104128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses still pose a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. In the fight against viral infections, high-purity viral stocks are needed for manufacture of safer vaccines. It is also a priority to ensure the viral safety of biopharmaceuticals such as blood products. Chromatography techniques are widely implemented at both academic and industrial levels in the purification of viral particles, whole viruses and virus-like particles to remove viral contaminants from biopharmaceutical products. This paper focuses on polysaccharide adsorbents, particulate resins and membrane adsorbers, used in virus purification/removal chromatography processes. Different chromatographic modes are surveyed, with particular attention to ion exchange and affinity/pseudo-affinity adsorbents among which commercially available agarose-based resins (Sepharose®) and cellulose-based membrane adsorbers (Sartobind®) occupy a dominant position. Mainly built on the development of new ligands coupled to conventional agarose/cellulose matrices, the development perspectives of polysaccharide-based chromatography media in this antiviral area are stressed in the conclusive part. Chromatography has been and is still extensively implemented in virus purification/removal downstream processes. Typical application fields are the manufacturing of purified viral vaccines and virus-free biopharmaceuticals. Agarose and cellulose remain the primary polysaccharide bases for chromatography adsorbents in such virus-related applications. Present R&D studies mainly focus on multimodal chromatography and affinity ligands.
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24
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Loewe D, Dieken H, Grein TA, Weidner T, Salzig D, Czermak P. Opportunities to debottleneck the downstream processing of the oncolytic measles virus. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:247-264. [PMID: 31918573 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1709794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (including measles virus) offer an alternative approach to reduce the high mortality rate of late-stage cancer. Several measles virus strains infect and lyse cancer cells efficiently, but the broad application of this therapeutic concept is hindered by the large number of infectious particles required (108-1012 TCID50 per dose). The manufacturing process must, therefore, achieve high titers of oncolytic measles virus (OMV) during upstream production and ensure that the virus product is not damaged during purification by applying appropriate downstream processing (DSP) unit operations. DSP is currently a production bottleneck because there are no specific platforms for OMV. Infectious OMV must be recovered as intact, enveloped particles, and host cell proteins and DNA must be reduced to acceptable levels to meet regulatory guidelines that were developed for virus-based vaccines and gene therapy vectors. Handling such high viral titers and process volumes is technologically challenging and expensive. This review considers the state of the art in OMV purification and looks at promising DSP technologies. We discuss here the purification of other enveloped viruses where such technologies could also be applied to OMV. The development of DSP technologies tailored for enveloped viruses is necessary to produce sufficient titers for virotherapy, which could offer hope to millions of patients suffering from incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hauke Dieken
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tanja A Grein
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Project Group Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
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Moleirinho MG, Silva RJS, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Peixoto C. Current challenges in biotherapeutic particles manufacturing. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 20:451-465. [PMID: 31773998 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1693541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The development of novel complex biotherapeutics led to new challenges in biopharmaceutical industry. The potential of these particles has been demonstrated by the approval of several products, in the different fields of gene therapy, oncolytic therapy, and tumor vaccines. However, their manufacturing still presents challenges related to the high dosages and purity required.Areas covered: The main challenges that biopharmaceutical industry faces today and the most recent developments in the manufacturing of different biotherapeutic particles are reported here. Several unit operations and downstream trains to purify virus, virus-like particles and extracellular vesicles are described. Innovations on the different purification steps are also highlighted with an eye on the implementation of continuous and integrated processes.Expert opinion: Manufacturing platforms that consist of a low number of unit operations, with higher-yielding processes and reduced costs will be highly appreciated by the industry. The pipeline of complex therapeutic particles is expanding and there is a clear need for advanced tools and manufacturing capacity. The use of single-use technologies, as well as continuous integrated operations, are gaining ground in the biopharmaceutical industry and should be supported by more accurate and faster analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda G Moleirinho
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal.,ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal.,ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal.,ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
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26
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Chemoenzymatic glycan labelling as a platform for site-specific IgM-antibody drug conjugates. Anal Biochem 2019; 584:113385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lothert K, Sprick G, Beyer F, Lauria G, Czermak P, Wolff MW. Membrane-based steric exclusion chromatography for the purification of a recombinant baculovirus and its application for cell therapy. J Virol Methods 2019; 275:113756. [PMID: 31644888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The continuously increasing potential of stem cell treatments for various medical conditions has accelerated the need for fast and efficient purification techniques for individualized cell therapy applications. Genetic stem cell engineering is commonly done with viral vectors like the baculovirus. The baculovirus is a safe and efficient gene transfer tool, that has been used for the expression of recombinant proteins for many years. Its purification has been based mainly on ion exchange matrices. However, these techniques impair process robustness, if different genetically modified virus particles are applied. Here, we evaluated the membrane-based steric exclusion chromatography for the purification of insect cell culture-derived recombinant Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolehydroviruses for an application in cell therapy. The method has already proven to be a powerful tool for the purification of Influenza A virus particles, using cellulose membranes. Aside from the aforementioned cellulose, we evaluated alternative stationary phases, such as glass fiber and polyamide membranes. The highest dynamic binding capacitiy was determined for cellulose with 5.08E + 07 pfu per cm² membrane. Critical process parameters were optimized, using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The determined process conditions were verified by different production batches, obtaining a mean virus yield of 91% ± 6.5%. Impurity depletion was >99% and 85% for protein and dsDNA, without nuclease treatment. Due to the method's specificity, its application to other baculoviruses, with varying surface modifications, is conceivable without major process changes. The physiological buffer conditions enable a gentle handling of the virus particles without decreasing the transduction efficacy. The simple procedure with sufficient impurity removal enables the substitution of time-consuming ultra centrifugation steps and can serve as a first process unit operation to obtain higher purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gundula Sprick
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Beyer
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guiliano Lauria
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany; Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Winchesterstr. 2, 35394, Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Ludwigstr. 23, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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Innovative next-generation monoclonal antibody purification using activated carbon: A challenge for flow-through and column-free processes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1121:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Thorne B, Takeya R, Vitelli F, Swanson X. Gene Therapy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:351-399. [PMID: 28289769 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy refers to a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat or prevent diseases. Although a variety of methods can be used to deliver the genetic materials into the target cells and tissues, modified viral vectors represent one of the more common delivery routes because of its transduction efficiency for therapeutic genes. Since the introduction of gene therapy concept in the 1970s, the field has advanced considerably with notable clinical successes being demonstrated in many clinical indications in which no standard treatment options are currently available. It is anticipated that the clinical success the field observed in recent years can drive requirements for more scalable, robust, cost effective, and regulatory-compliant manufacturing processes. This review provides a brief overview of the current manufacturing technologies for viral vectors production, drawing attention to the common upstream and downstream production process platform that is applicable across various classes of viral vectors and their unique manufacturing challenges as compared to other biologics. In addition, a case study of an industry-scale cGMP production of an AAV-based gene therapy product performed at 2,000 L-scale is presented. The experience and lessons learned from this largest viral gene therapy vector production run conducted to date as discussed and highlighted in this review should contribute to future development of commercial viable scalable processes for vial gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barb Thorne
- Thorne Bio-Consulting LLC, Sammamish, WA, USA
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30
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Larcombe MR, Manent J, Chen J, Mishra K, Liu X, Nefzger CM. Production of High-Titer Lentiviral Particles for Stable Genetic Modification of Mammalian Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1940:47-61. [PMID: 30788817 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9086-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral gene transfer technologies exploit the natural efficiency of viral transduction to integrate exogenous genes into mammalian cells. This provides a simple research tool for inducing transgene expression or endogenous gene knockdown in both dividing and nondividing cells. This chapter describes an improved protocol for polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated multi-plasmid transfection and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation to generate and concentrate lentiviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Larcombe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Manent
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ketan Mishra
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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31
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Arakawa T, Gagnon P. Excluded Cosolvent in Chromatography. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2297-2305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Application of steric exclusion chromatography on monoliths for separation and purification of RNA molecules. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1574:50-59. [PMID: 30195858 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) is a method for separation of large target solutes based on their association with a hydrophilic stationary phase through mutual steric exclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Selectivity in SXC is determined by the size or shape (or both) of the solutes alongside the size and concentration of PEG molecules. Elution is achieved by decreasing the PEG concentration. In this study, SXC applicability for the separation and purification of single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA molecules was evaluated for the first time. The retention of ssRNA and dsRNA molecules of different lengths on convective interaction media (CIM) monolithic columns was systematically studied under variable PEG-6000 and NaCl concentrations. We determined that over 90% of long ssRNAs (700-6374 nucleotides) and long dsRNAs (500-6374 base pairs) are retained on the stationary phase in 15% PEG-6000 and ≥0.4 M NaCl. dsDNA and dsRNA molecules of the same length were partially separated by SXC. Separation of RNA molecules below 100 nucleotides from longer RNA species is easily achieved by SXC. Furthermore, SXC has the potential to separate dsRNAs from ssRNAs of the same length. We also demonstrated that SXC is suitable for the enrichment of ssRNA (PRR1 bacteriophage) and dsRNA (Phi6 bacteriophage) viral genomes from contaminating cellular RNA species. In summary, SXC on CIM monolithic columns is an appropriate tool for rapid RNA separation and concentration.
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Abstract
Protein folding and assembly can be manipulated in in vitro systems by co-solvents at high concentrations. A number of co-solvents that enhance protein stability and assembly have been shown to be excluded from the protein surface. Such co-solvent exclusion has been demonstrated by dialysis experiments and shown to be correlated with their effects on protein stability and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, a Division of KBI Biopharma, 6042 Cornerstone Court West, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Liau B, Tan B, Teo G, Zhang P, Choo A, Rudd PM. Shotgun Glycomics Identifies Tumor-Associated Glycan Ligands Bound by an Ovarian Carcinoma-Specific Monoclonal Antibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14489. [PMID: 29101385 PMCID: PMC5670200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers display distinctive carbohydrate molecules (glycans) on their surface proteins and lipids. mAb A4, an in-house generated monoclonal IgM antibody, is capable of distinguishing malignant ovarian carcinoma cells from benign ovarian epithelia by binding specifically to cancer cell-associated glycans. However, the structural details of the glycan targets of mAb A4 have been elusive. Here we developed a novel approach of isolating and fractionating glycan molecules released from glycoproteins in cancer cell lysates using HILIC-UPLC, and used them as probes on a microarray for affinity-based identification of the binding targets, allowing full-size, difficult to synthesize, cancer-associated glycans to be directly studied. As a result of this "shotgun" glycomics approach, we corroborate the previously assigned specificity of mAb A4 by showing that mAb A4 binds primarily to large (>15 glucose units), sialylated N-glycans containing the H-type 1 antigen (Fuc-α1,2-Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc). Although mAb A4 was also capable of directly binding to type 1 N-acetyl-lactosamine, this epitope was mostly shielded by sialylation and thus relatively inaccessible to binding. Knowledge of the structure of mAb A4 antigen will facilitate its clinical development as well as its use as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liau
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore.
| | - B Tan
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - G Teo
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - P Zhang
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - A Choo
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - P M Rudd
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
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Choo M, Tan HL, Ding V, Castangia R, Belgacem O, Liau B, Hartley-Tassell L, Haslam SM, Dell A, Choo A. Characterization of H type 1 and type 1 N-acetyllactosamine glycan epitopes on ovarian cancer specifically recognized by the anti-glycan monoclonal antibody mAb-A4. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6163-6176. [PMID: 28167527 PMCID: PMC5391748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific glycans of ovarian cancer are promising epitopes for targeting with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Despite their potential, structural characterization of these glycan epitopes remains a significant challenge in mAb preclinical development. Our group generated the monoclonal antibody mAb-A4 against human embryonic stem cells (hESC), which also bound specifically to N-glycans present on 11 of 19 ovarian cancer (OC) and 8 of 14 breast cancer cell lines tested. Normal cell lines and tissue were unstained by mAb-A4. To characterize the N-linked glycan epitopes on OC cell lines targeted by mAb-A4, we used glycosidases, glycan microarray, siRNA, and advanced high sensitivity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The mAb-A4 epitopes were found to be Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ (H type 1) and Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ (type 1 LacNAc). These structures were found to be present on multiple proteins from hESC and OC. Importantly, endo-β-galactosidase coupled with MALDI-MS allowed these two epitopes, for the first time, to be directly identified on the polylactosamines of N-glycans of SKOV3, IGROV1, OV90, and OVCA433. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of B3GALT5 expression in SKOV3 demonstrated that mAb-A4 binding was dependent on B3GALT5, providing orthogonal evidence of the epitopes' structures. The recognition of oncofetal H type 1 and type 1 LacNAc on OC by mAb-A4 is a novel and promising way to target OC and supports the theory that cancer can acquire stem-like phenotypes. We propose that the orthogonal framework used in this work could be the basis for advancing anti-glycan mAb characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Choo
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- the Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Heng Liang Tan
- the Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Ding
- the Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | | | | | - Brian Liau
- the Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Lauren Hartley-Tassell
- the Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia, and
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
| | - Andre Choo
- the Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore 138668, Singapore,
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Protein aggregation under high concentration/density state during chromatographic and ultrafiltration processes. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:1153-1158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Marichal-Gallardo P, Pieler MM, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Steric exclusion chromatography for purification of cell culture-derived influenza A virus using regenerated cellulose membranes and polyethylene glycol. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1483:110-119. [PMID: 28069171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Steric exclusion chromatography has been used for the purification of proteins and bacteriophages using monoliths. The operation is carried out by mixing a crude sample containing the target species with a predetermined concentration and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and loading it onto a non-reactive hydrophilic surface. Product capture occurs by the mutual steric exclusion of PEG between the product and the matrix. Selectivity is significantly influenced by target product size. Product elution is achieved by decreasing the PEG concentration. In this study, a 75cm2 cellulose membrane adsorber was used for the purification of a clarified and inactivated influenza A virus broth produced in a 5L bioreactor using suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells. Product recovery was above 95% based on hemagglutination activity and single radial immunodiffusion assays. Maximum depletion of double stranded host cell DNA and total protein was 99.7% and 92.4%, respectively. Purified virus particles showed no aggregation with a monodisperse peak around 84nm. 250mL of the clarified inactivated virus broth was purified within 40min. The surface area productivity based on the recovery of the viral hemagglutinin antigen was 28-50mgm-2h-1 depending on the feed and loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael M Pieler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Hämmerling F, Ladd Effio C, Andris S, Kittelmann J, Hubbuch J. Investigation and prediction of protein precipitation by polyethylene glycol using quantitative structure-activity relationship models. J Biotechnol 2016; 241:87-97. [PMID: 27876584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation of proteins is considered to be an effective purification method for proteins and has proven its potential to replace costly chromatography processes. Besides salts and polyelectrolytes, polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), are commonly used for precipitation applications under mild conditions. Process development, however, for protein precipitation steps still is based mainly on heuristic approaches and high-throughput experimentation due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In this work we apply quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to model two parameters, the discontinuity point m* and the β-value, that describe the complete precipitation curve of a protein under defined conditions. The generated QSAR models are sensitive to the protein type, pH, and ionic strength. It was found that the discontinuity point m* is mainly dependent on protein molecular structure properties and electrostatic surface properties, whereas the β-value is influenced by the variance in electrostatics and hydrophobicity on the protein surface. The models for m* and the β-value exhibit a good correlation between observed and predicted data with a coefficient of determination of R2≥0.90 and, hence, are able to accurately predict precipitation curves for proteins. The predictive capabilities were demonstrated for a set of combinations of protein type, pH, and ionic strength not included in the generation of the models and good agreement between predicted and experimental data was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hämmerling
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christopher Ladd Effio
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Andris
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Kittelmann
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Kluters S, Frech C, von Hirschheydt T, Schaubmar A, Neumann S. Solvent modulation strategy for superior antibody monomer/aggregate separation in cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1006:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effio CL, Hubbuch J. Next generation vaccines and vectors: Designing downstream processes for recombinant protein-based virus-like particles. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:715-27. [PMID: 25880158 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of novel recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) has been generating new perspectives for the prevention of untreated and arising infectious diseases. However, cost-reduction and acceleration of manufacturing processes for VLP-based vaccines or vectors are key challenges for the global health system. In particular, the design of rapid and cost-efficient purification processes is a critical bottleneck. In this review, we describe and evaluate new concepts, development strategies and unit operations for the downstream processing of VLPs. A special focus is placed on purity requirements and current trends, as well as chances and limitations of novel technologies. The discussed methods and case studies demonstrate the advances and remaining challenges in both rational process development and purification tools for large biomolecules. The potential of a new era of VLP-based products is highlighted by the progress of various VLPs in clinical phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ladd Effio
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany
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42
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Nestola P, Peixoto C, Silva RRJS, Alves PM, Mota JPB, Carrondo MJT. Improved virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:843-57. [PMID: 25677990 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The downstream processing of virus particles for vaccination or gene therapy is becoming a critical bottleneck as upstream titers keep improving. Moreover, the growing pressure to develop cost-efficient processes has brought forward new downstream trains. This review aims at analyzing the state-of-the-art in viral downstream purification processes, encompassing the classical unit operations and their recent developments. Emphasis is given to novel strategies for process intensification, such as continuous or semi-continuous systems based on multicolumn technology, opening up process efficiency. Process understanding in the light of the pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) initiative is also discussed. Finally, an outlook of the upcoming breakthrough technologies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Tao SP, Zheng J, Sun Y. Grafting zwitterionic polymer onto cryogel surface enhances protein retention in steric exclusion chromatography on cryogel monolith. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1389:104-11. [PMID: 25757821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryogel monoliths with interconnected macropores (10-100μm) and hydrophilic surfaces can be employed as chromatography media for protein retention in steric exclusion chromatography (SXC). SXC is based on the principle that the exclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on both a hydrophilic chromatography surface and a protein favors their association, leading to the protein retention on the chromatography surface. Elution of the retained protein can be achieved by reducing PEG concentration. In this work, the surface of polyacrylamide-based cryogel monolith was modified by grafting zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), leading the increase in the surface hydrophilicity. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of the grafted pCBMA chain clusters on the cryogel surface, but pCBMA grafting did not result in the changes of the physical properties of the monolith column, and the columns maintained good recyclability in SXC. The effect of the surface grafting on the SXC behavior of γ-globulin was investigated in a wide flow rate range (0.6-12cm/min). It was found that the dynamic retention capacity increased 1.4-1.8 times by the zwitterionic polymer grafting in the flow rate range of 1.5-12cm/min. The mechanism of enhanced protein retention on the zwitterionic polymer-grafted surface was proposed. The research proved that zwitterionic polymer modification was promising for the development of new materials for SXC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Tao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Salvador C, Martins MR, Caldeira AT. Microanalysis characterization of bioactive protein-bound polysaccharides produced by Amanita ponderosa cultures. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:84-90. [PMID: 25252680 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614013099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Different compounds of edible mushrooms are responsible for their bioactivity. The ability to synthesize polysaccharides, namely protein-polysaccharide (PPS) complexes, is related to the antioxidant capacity of these compounds and present great interest in preventing a number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases, and accelerated aging. Amanita ponderosa are wild edible mushrooms that grow in Mediterranean "montado" areas [Portuguese name given to cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of PPS complexes obtained from A. ponderosa cultures using a new microanalytical approach to quickly and easily monitor the production process. Microanalysis using Fourier-transform infrared using attenuated total reflection and Raman spectroscopy of PPS samples showed spectra compatible with identification of this type of compound in culture extracts. PPS separated by size-exclusion chromatography showed seven main complexes. Molecular weights of the main PPS complexes isolated from cultures ranged between 1.5 and 20 kDa and did not present toxicity against Artemia salina, demonstrating the potential of A. ponderosa as a source of biologically active compounds with nutraceutical value. Application of this microanalytical approach to monitoring the production of PPS compounds can be successfully applied in biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Salvador
- 1Chemistry Department,University of Évora,7000-671 Évora,Portugal
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Arakawa T, Tsumoto K, Ejima D. Alternative downstream processes for production of antibodies and antibody fragments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:2032-2040. [PMID: 24859179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein-A or Protein-L affinity chromatography and virus inactivation are key processes for the manufacturing of therapeutic antibodies and antibody fragments. These two processes often involve exposure of therapeutic proteins to denaturing low pH conditions. Antibodies have been shown to undergo conformational changes at low pH, which can lead to irreversible damages on the final product. Here, we review alternative downstream approaches that can reduce the degree of low pH exposure and consequently damaged product. We and others have been developing technologies that minimize or eliminate such low pH processes. We here cover facilitated elution of antibodies using arginine in Protein-A and Protein-G affinity chromatography, a more positively charged amidated Protein-A, two Protein-A mimetics (MEP and Mabsorbent), mixed-mode and steric exclusion chromatography, and finally enhanced virus inactivation by solvents containing arginine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, 6042 Cornerstone Court West, Suite A, San Diego, CA 9212, USA.
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ejima
- Institute of Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
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Martelet A, L’Hostis G, Tavares P, Brasilès S, Fenaille F, Rozand C, Theretz A, Gervasi G, Tabet JC, Ezan E, Junot C, Muller BH, Becher F. Bacterial Detection Using Unlabeled Phage Amplification and Mass Spectrometry through Structural and Nonstructural Phage Markers. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1450-65. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400991t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Martelet
- bioMérieux S.A., 376, Chemin de
l’Orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
- CEA,
iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des
Médicaments (LEMM), Bâtiment 136, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume L’Hostis
- bioMérieux S.A., 376, Chemin de
l’Orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
- CEA,
iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des
Médicaments (LEMM), Bâtiment 136, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paulo Tavares
- CNRS UPR3296 and
IFR 115, Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale
(VMS), Bâtiment 14B, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Brasilès
- CNRS UPR3296 and
IFR 115, Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale
(VMS), Bâtiment 14B, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- CEA,
iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des
Médicaments (LEMM), Bâtiment 136, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Rozand
- bioMérieux S.A., 376, Chemin de
l’Orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
| | - Alain Theretz
- bioMérieux S.A., 376, Chemin de
l’Orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
| | - Gaspard Gervasi
- bioMérieux S.A., 376, Chemin de
l’Orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), UMR 7201,
Equipe de Spectrométrie de Masse, Institut Parisien de Chimie
Moléculaire, 4
place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric Ezan
- CEA, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire (SBTN), BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- CEA,
iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des
Médicaments (LEMM), Bâtiment 136, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno H. Muller
- bioMérieux S.A., 376, Chemin de
l’Orme, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France
- CEA,
iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des
Médicaments (LEMM), Bâtiment 136, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Becher
- CEA,
iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des
Médicaments (LEMM), Bâtiment 136, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Wang C, Bai S, Tao SP, Sun Y. Evaluation of steric exclusion chromatography on cryogel column for the separation of serum proteins. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1333:54-9. [PMID: 24552971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) is a new mode of protein chromatography, in which large proteins are retained on hydrophilic stationary phase surface due to the steric exclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the mobile phase, and thereafter the retained proteins can be eluted by reducing PEG concentration. In this work, SXC was evaluated on a polyacrylamide cryogel monolith. Microscopic observation of γ-globulin precipitates on the gel surface in SXC was reported for the first time. Due to the compact packing of protein precipitates on the stationary phase surface, the dynamic retention capacity of the cryogel monolith for γ-globulin reached 20 mg/mL bed volume, much higher than those of cryogel beds in adsorption-based chromatography. The effect of molecular weight and concentration of PEG, solution pH and salt concentration on protein retention capacity was in agreement with the earlier work on SXC. Because the cryogel monoliths with interconnected macropores (10-100 μm) allow much easy flow-through of viscous PEG buffer, the SXC can be operated at low back pressure. Hence, the cryogel monoliths are more suitable for SXC than other monoliths of narrow pores reported previously. In the separation of bovine serum proteins, albumin was recovered in the breakthrough fraction with high purity, and globulin was over eight times concentrated in the elution pool. This work has, thus, demonstrated the rapid serum protein separation and concentration by SXC on the cryogel monolith columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shu Bai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Peng Tao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
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Gagnon P, Toh P, Lee J. High productivity purification of immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies on starch-coated magnetic nanoparticles by steric exclusion of polyethylene glycol. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1324:171-80. [PMID: 24315125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We achieved exceptionally high capacity capture of monoclonal IgG by adding 200 nm starch-coated magnetic particles as nucleation centers, adding polyethylene glycol (PEG), then collecting the particle-associated antibody in a magnetic field. Experimental data suggest that accretion of IgG begins on particle surfaces then continues with fusion of particle-centric accretions up to about 1mm in a process that closely parallels PEG precipitation. An embedded nanoparticle mass of 1.3% of the IgG mass is adequate to enable efficient magnetic collection of the associated IgG. Recovery of purified IgG averaged 98% up to loads of 78 mg of IgG per mg of particles. Converted to an equivalent volume of settled particles, this represents about 58 g IgG per mL of nanoparticles, which is roughly 1000 times higher than the average capacity of commercial protein A porous particles packed in columns. When applied to cell culture harvest clarified by centrifugation and microfiltration, performing the nanoparticle technique under physiological conditions permitted only a 10-fold reduction of host cell protein (HCP) contamination and IgG recovery less than 50%. Application of a more capable clarification method and operating the nanoparticle method at 0.5-1.0M NaCl supported more than 99% HCP reduction and 87% IgG recovery. The high salt concentration also dramatically diminished the influence of operating pH on selectivity. The nanoparticle step was followed by sample application without buffer exchange to a column packed with multimodal electropositive-hydrophobic particles that reduced HCP to 2 ppm. Aggregate content was reduced from 4.9 to 3.6% at the nanoparticle step, then to less than 0.05% at the multimodal step. The multimodal step also removed residual PEG. Overall IgG recovery was 69%. The ability of the system to achieve purity similar to protein A, but dramatically higher productivity than packed columns, suggests that the technique could evolve as a credible option for industrial purification of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Gagnon
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
| | - Phyllicia Toh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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