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NMR-Based Chromatography Readouts: Indispensable Tools to “Translate” Analytical Features into Molecular Structures. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213526. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining structural information is a must to allow the unequivocal structural characterization of analytes from natural sources. In liquid state, NMR spectroscopy is almost the only possible alternative to HPLC-MS and hyphenating the effluent of an analyte separation device to the probe head of an NMR spectrometer has therefore been pursued for more than three decades. The purpose of this review article was to demonstrate that, while it is possible to use mass spectrometry and similar methods to differentiate, group, and often assign the differentiating variables to entities that can be recognized as single molecules, the structural characterization of these putative biomarkers usually requires the use of NMR spectroscopy.
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Separation and Identification of a Complex Flurbiprofen-Polyethylene Glycol Mono- and Diester mixture via a Hyphenated HPLC-DAD-HRMS/SPE-NMR System. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Fan Y, Luo H, Zhu C, Li W, Wu D, Wu H. Hydrophobic natural alcohols based deep eutectic solvents: Effective solvents for the extraction of quinine. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Assessment of the Use of Natural Extracted Dyes and Pancreatin Enzyme for Dyeing of Four Natural Textiles: HPLC Analysis of Phytochemicals. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, four natural textiles (cotton, linen, wool, and silk) were dyed with 14 naturally extracted dyes, and pancreatin enzyme was used in the dyeing process. The effects of pancreatin enzyme and its buffer on naturally dyed textile samples were evaluated. Two concentrations of pancreatin enzyme and buffer were used as pretreatments for dyed textiles. Proteinic fabrics showed the highest relative color strength (RCS) values of 137.23% and 132.2% when the pancreatin enzyme was applied on wool and silk dyed with pomegranate skin and bloodroot at concentrations A and B, respectively. Linen fiber dyed with catechu tree showed the highest total color difference (TCD) values with buffer (6.83) and pancreatin enzyme A (5.7) and B (6.3). This shows that there were no side effects of the pancreatin enzyme on the studied dyed textiles. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the root extract from madder showed the presence of salicylic acid (1758.91 mg/kg extract), quercetin (844.23 mg/kg extract), ellagic acid (784.86 mg/kg extract) and benzoic acid (582.68 mg/kg extract) as main compounds. In cochineal extract the main compounds were rutin (37.732 mg/kg extract), kampherol (1915.98 mg/kg extract), myricetin (809.97 mg/kg extract), quercetin (496.76 mg/kg extract) and salicylic acid (193.87 mg/kg extract).
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Sun Y, Li P, Wang T, Qin L, Cheng G, Shen L, Yao X, Wei S, Jiang J, Lei F. Alkaloid purification using rosin-based polymer-bonded silica stationary phase in HPLC. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3646-3652. [PMID: 31613051 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are important natural products that exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. To efficiently separate and purify them, a rosin-based polymer-bonded silica stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography was synthesized via the surface radical polymerization of ethylene glycol maleic rosinate acrylate and methacrylic acid onto functionalized silica. The stationary phases, columns, optimization of chromatographic conditions for alkaloids, and thermodynamic behavior of the analytes on the column were fully studied. Under the optimized conditions, the prepared column efficiently purified natural camptothecine, caffeine, and evodiamine with the corresponding purities of 92, 96, and 97%. With this work, we have developed an efficient approach to isolate alkaloids and promoted the research on rosin-based materials in biomedicine and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Liting Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Gege Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Shaoping Wei
- Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forests Products, Nanning, P. R. China
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Weber C, Opatz T. Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2019; 81:1-114. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Peralta CM, Henestrosa C, Gil RA, Fernández LP, Acosta G. Novel spectrofluorimetric method for boldine alkaloid determination in herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 184:101-108. [PMID: 28486201 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new green on-line method for Boldine determination (BOL) in herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals, using its native fluorescence in acid media (λex=282nm; λem=373nm) has been developed. The presented methodology involves for the first time, a flow injection (FI) strategy using a mini-column of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as retention agent coupled with molecular fluorescence. Different parameters influence as sample pH and flow rate, eluent flow rate and composition; on BOL sensitivity and elution time was investigated by multifactorial techniques. Adequate dynamic calibration range (r2=0.9993) was obtained over a concentration interval of 0.029-27.0μgmL-1 BOL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.008 and 0.029μgmL-1, respectively. The average recoveries in explored samples ranged from 95% to 103%. Under optimized conditions, the throughput sample as high as 30h-1 was achieved with high repeatability performance (99%). The proposed development represents a useful and valuable tool emulating the analytical efficiency of the official methodologies for quality control of herbal and phytopharmaceutical drugs containing BOL. Moreover, this approach shows advantages respect to low cost, simplicity and environmental and analyst friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Peralta
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Química Física, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Henestrosa
- Área de Farmacotecnia, Ética y Legislación Farmacéutica, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Gil
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Liliana P Fernández
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Gimena Acosta
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Gestión en Calidad y Salud, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina.
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8
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Effective extraction of quinine and gramine from water by hydrophobic ionic liquids: The role of anion. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Zhu D, Miao ZY, Yang RX, Wen HM, Li W, Chen J, Kang A, Shan CX, Yu S, Hu Y. Layer-by-layer functionalized porous Zinc sulfide nanospheres-based solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography time-of-flight/mass and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the specific enrichment and identification of alkaloids from Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 932:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hroch M, Mičuda S, Cermanová J, Chládek J, Tomšík P. Development of an HPLC fluorescence method for determination of boldine in plasma, bile and urine of rats and identification of its major metabolites by LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 936:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Recent advances and new strategies in the NMR-based identification of natural products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 25:1-7. [PMID: 24484874 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nature comprises an untapped pool of unique compounds with high structural uniqueness and exceptional properties. At the core of natural products (NPs) discovery is the identification procedure and NMR remains the most efficient method. Technical improvements such as miniaturized and crycogenic NMR probes along with hyphenation capabilities and computational support are at the center of evolution. Concepts such as dereplication and metabolomics are increasingly adopted in NPs using the power of databases, currently fragmented. The introduction and utilization of these technical and computational implements could lead NPs research to more comprehensive structure identification and new holistic perspectives.
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Seger C, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy: modern high-end detectors for high resolution separation techniques--state of the art in natural product HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, and CE-MS hyphenations. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:970-87. [PMID: 23739842 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current natural product research is unthinkable without the use of high resolution separation techniques as high performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis (HPLC or CE respectively) combined with mass spectrometers (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These hyphenated instrumental analysis platforms (CE-MS, HPLC-MS or HPLC-NMR) are valuable tools for natural product de novo identification, as well as the authentication, distribution, and quantification of constituents in biogenic raw materials, natural medicines and biological materials obtained from model organisms, animals and humans. Moreover, metabolic profiling and metabolic fingerprinting applications can be addressed as well as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic issues. This review provides an overview of latest technological developments, discusses the assets and drawbacks of the available hyphenation techniques, and describes typical analytical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Seger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CCB-Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Brusotti G, Cesari I, Dentamaro A, Caccialanza G, Massolini G. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant resources: the role of analysis in the ethnopharmacological approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:218-28. [PMID: 23591140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical research based on ethnopharmacology is considered an effective approach in the discovery of novel chemicals entities with potential as drug leads. Plants/plant extracts/decoctions, used by folklore traditions for treating several diseases, represent a source of chemical entities but no information are available on their nature. Starting from this viewpoint, the aim of this review is to address natural-products chemists to the choice of the best methodologies, which include the combination of extraction/sample preparation tools and analytical techniques, for isolating and characterizing bioactive secondary metabolites from plants, as potential lead compounds in the drug discovery process. The work is distributed according to the different steps involved in the ethnopharmacological approach (extraction, sample preparation, biological screening, etc.), discussing the analytical techniques employed for the isolation and identification of compound/s responsible for the biological activity claimed in the traditional use (separation, spectroscopic, hyphenated techniques, etc.). Particular emphasis will be on herbal medicines applications and developments achieved from 2010 up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brusotti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Center for Studies and Researches in Ethnopharmacy (C.I.St.R.E.), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Johansen KT, Wubshet SG, Nyberg NT. HPLC-NMR revisited: using time-slice high-performance liquid chromatography-solid-phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance with database-assisted dereplication. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3183-9. [PMID: 23432092 DOI: 10.1021/ac303455j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-based trapping of chromatographically separated compounds onto solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and subsequent elution to NMR tubes was done to emulate the function of HPLC-NMR for dereplication purposes. Sufficient mass sensitivity was obtained by use of a state-of-the-art HPLC-SPE-NMR system with a cryogenically cooled probe head, designed for 1.7 mm NMR tubes. The resulting (1)H NMR spectra (600 MHz) were evaluated against a database of previously acquired and prepared spectra. The in-house-developed matching algorithm, based on partitioning of the spectra and allowing for changes in the chemical shifts, is described. Two mixtures of natural products were used to test the approach: an extract of Carthamus oxyacantha (wild safflower), containing an array of spiro compounds, and an extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillum namyslowski, containing griseofulvin and analogues. The database matching of the resulting spectra positively identified expected compounds, while the number of false positives was few and easily recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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