1
|
Easy Computation of the Various Topologies and Modes of Liquid–Liquid Partition Chromatography by the Theory of Random Walks. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The article revisits the discrete recurrence method to model the instruments of liquid–liquid partition chromatography as counter-current chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The purpose is to simplify the computation of the concentration profiles without supplementary approximations, rather by going back to the seminal model of binomial random walks, associated with the stochastic master equation that generates simple discrete recurrence relations. It fits the model of the prototype of liquid–liquid chromatography: the Craig’s apparatus. Three emblematic separation technique group cases are computed in batch injection, batch multiple dual mode (MDM), and continuous injection by the “True Moving Bed” (TMB) in CPC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Polyakova M, Diekmann A, Grünewald M. Overview of Innovative Technologies in Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Regarding Flexibility. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polyakova
- Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of Fluid Separations Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Anna‐Lena Diekmann
- Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of Fluid Separations Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Marcus Grünewald
- Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of Fluid Separations Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fromme A, Fischer C, Klump D, Schembecker G. Correlating the phase settling behavior of aqueous-organic solvent systems in a centrifugal partition chromatograph. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461005. [PMID: 32173022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of the performance of a Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) is a difficult but desirable task. The partitioning of the sample, as well as the fluid dynamical phenomena dispersion, coalescence, and stationary phase retention have to be individually understood. Therefore, the phase settling behavior of different aqueous-organic solvent systems and with this, the dependency of the stationary phase retention in CPC was investigated in this study. On the one hand, batch settling experiments were performed, and the settling velocity of aqueous-organic solvent systems was investigated. With this it was possible to correlate the stationary phase retention in CPC in both operating modes. For descending mode operation a high settling velocity of the lower phase and for ascending mode a high settling velocity of the upper phase is needed for a stable operation and a high stationary phase retention. On the other hand, the dimensionless numbers Capillary number (Ca) and Morton number (Mo) were used to generate a universally applicable correlation for the stationary phase retention in ascending mode. It was shown, that a high stationary phase retention correlates with low values of Ca and Mo, whereas the influence of Mo is neglectable in the parameter space investigated. Within this correlation, the individual influence of each influencing parameter on the stationary phase retention was included. Moreover, this correlation was compared to descriptions for descending mode given in literature. With this it was shown that the minimal stationary phase retention is correlatable to the point of phase inversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fromme
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Fischer
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Klump
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Schembecker
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fromme A, Fischer C, Keine K, Schembecker G. Characterization and correlation of mobile phase dispersion of aqueous-organic solvent systems in centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460990. [PMID: 32127170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To reach a high separation efficiency using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC), the fluid dynamical behavior of the liquid-liquid two-phase systems must be clearly understood. The fluid dynamics, namely the dispersion, the coalescence, and the stationary phase retention, have a high impact on a separation. Especially the mobile phase dispersion influences the mass transfer during a separation. In this study, the mobile phase dispersion of different aqueous-organic solvent systems was characterized for ascending and descending mode via video analysis. Thereby the influence of the physical properties of the solvent systems, the operating parameters, and the geometry of the chamber inlet was investigated systematically using dimensional analysis. With the help of the dimensionless numbers Ohnesorge number (OhCPC), Eötvös number (EoCPC), and Weber number (WeCPC) the impact of the solvent system, the plant parameters, and the operating parameters on the mobile phase dispersion could be described. Inside the three dimensional area, spanned by the dimensionless numbers, each state of mobile phase dispersion (undispersed, low dispersed, highly dispersed, and atomized) could be allocated to an individual region for both operating modes. Moreover, differences in mobile phase deflection depending on the operating mode and a possible reason for these were described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fromme
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Fischer
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Keine
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Schembecker
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fromme A, Funke F, Merz J, Schembecker G. Correlating physical properties of aqueous-organic solvent systems and stationary phase retention in a centrifugal partition chromatograph in descending mode. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1615:460742. [PMID: 31806273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) as a liquid-liquid chromatographic technique depends strongly on the two-phase solvent system used. Thereby the individual influence of the retention of the stationary phase, the coalescence, and the dispersion of the mobile phase in the chambers must be understood to select appropriate solvent systems and reach high separation efficiencies. In this study, an optical measurement system was used to investigate the influence of the physical properties of the Arizona solvent systems on the stationary phase retention in descending mode. Therefore, physical properties like density, viscosity, and interfacial tension were measured as well as the stationary phase retention. Using dimensionless numbers, a correlation between the stationary phase retention and the influencing parameters could be determined. The correlation was validated using data from the literature. Additionally, the solvent systems were modified by additives to identify the validity of the correlation. It was proven that the dimensionless numbers Capillary number (Ca) and Morton number (Mo) can be used to predict the stationary phase retention of other liquid-liquid solvent systems as well as for different operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fromme
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Funke
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Merz
- Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH, D-63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - G Schembecker
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bardell-Cox OA, White AJP, Aragón L, Fuchter MJ. Synthetic studies on the reverse antibiotic natural products, the nybomycins. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1438-1444. [PMID: 31534658 PMCID: PMC6748283 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious issue that could have severe consequences if steps are not taken. The nybomycin natural products have the potential to extend the clinical efficacy of the marketed fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics through a 'reverse antibiotic' approach. However, only very limited structure-activity relationships are known for these fascinating compounds, in part due to challenges with their synthesis. Here we report a new scalable and robust synthetic route to the nybomycin natural products to aid in the development of this series. Through this synthesis, we report the antibiotic activity of novel analogues of this family confirming the selectivity for fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria and potential future opportunities for further optimisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Bardell-Cox
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub , White City Campus, Wood Lane , London , W12 OBZ , UK .
- Cell Cycle Group , MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences , Du Cane Road , London W12 0NN , UK .
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub , White City Campus, Wood Lane , London , W12 OBZ , UK .
| | - Luis Aragón
- Cell Cycle Group , MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences , Du Cane Road , London W12 0NN , UK .
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub , White City Campus, Wood Lane , London , W12 OBZ , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of Inter-Apparatus Separation Method Transferability in Countercurrent Chromatography and Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography, separation method transfer and scale-up is often described as an easy and straightforward procedure. Separation methods are usually developed on lab scale columns and subsequently transferred using linear scale-up factors to semi-preparative or preparative columns of the same column design. However, the separation methods described in the literature have been developed on various columns of different design and size. This is accompanied by differences in the separation behavior of the columns and therefore makes separation method transfer difficult. In the current study, the separation performances of different columns were evaluated and compared. Linear correlations of stationary phase retention and column efficiency as a function of flow rate were found to be applicable for the calculation of separation resolution in the typical operating range of each column. In this context, a two-point short-cut approach for a fast column characterization is recommended. This allows a quick prediction of the separation method transferability between columns, which saves experimental time and effort. In the current study, the transferability between five different columns from lab scale countercurrent chromatography (CCC) (18 mL) to semi-preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPCs) (250 mL) with different cell numbers and design is investigated.
Collapse
|
8
|
Roehrer S, Minceva M. Characterization of a centrifugal partition chromatographic column with spherical cell design. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Krause J, Merz J. Hydrodynamic influences on the reaction performance of a crude yeast lysate in the CPC reactor. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Ding J, Li S, Zhao Y, Guan YH, Deng L, Deng Q. Properties of hydrodynamic J-type countercurrent chromatography for protein separation using aqueous two-phase systems: With special reference to constructing conical columns. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Trapping multiple dual mode centrifugal partition chromatography for the separation of intermediately-eluting components: Operating parameter selection. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Modelling centrifugal partition chromatography separation behavior to characterize influencing hydrodynamic effects on separation efficiency. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:27-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Li S, Zhang J, Li S, Liu C, Liu S, Liu Z. Extraction and separation of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf based on a hyphenated technique and in vitro methods. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1773-1783. [PMID: 28217983 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke, with natural products considered a promising source of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors. In this study, ultrafiltration liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the screening and identification of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors from Poria cocos. Five lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors were selected: dehydropachymic acid, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, trametenolic acid, and eburicoic acid. The inhibitors were extracted and isolated with purities of 96.75, 98.15, 97.25, 95.46, and 94.88%, respectively, by using a new "hyphenated" strategy of microwave-assisted extraction coupled with counter-current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography by a two-phase solvent system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water at the volume ratio 0.965:1.000:0.936:0.826 v/v/v/v. The bioactivity of the isolated compounds was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in PC12 cells. The results also showed that the hyphenated technique of microwave-assisted extraction coupled with counter-current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography was an efficient method for the continuous extraction and online isolation of chemical constituents from medicinal herbs. Furthermore, the research route based on the activity screening, extraction, separation, and activity verification of the compounds offered advantages of efficiency, orientation, and objectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China.,Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Branch of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Senlin Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Centrifugal partition chromatography - A review of recent applications and some classic references. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1597-1609. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Krause J, Krutz R, Schembecker G, Merz J. Whole cell immobilization and catalysis in a Centrifugal Partition Chromatograph. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Boonloed A, Weber GL, Ramzy KM, Dias VR, Remcho VT. Centrifugal partition chromatography: A preparative tool for isolation and purification of xylindein from Chlorociboria aeruginosa. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1478:19-25. [PMID: 27919517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method was developed for the preparative-scale isolation and purification of xylindein from the wood-staining fungi, Chlorociboria aeruginosa. Xylindein, a blue-green pigment naturally secreted from the hyphae and fruiting bodies of the fungus, has great value in the decorative wood industry and textile coloration. Xylindein has great potential for use as a fluorescent labeling agent as well as in organic semiconductor applications. However, a primary limitation of xylindein is its poor solubility in most common HPLC solvents. Consequently, it is arduous to purify using preparative liquid chromatography or solid-phase extraction (SPE). Support-free, liquid-liquid chromatographic methods, including CPC, where solutes are separated based on their different distribution coefficients (KD) between two immiscible solvent systems, are promising alternatives for the purification of the compound on a preparative scale. In this work, a new biphasic solvent system suitable for CPC separation of xylindein was developed. Various groups of solvents were assessed for their suitability as xylindein extractants. A new solvent system suitable for CPC separation of xylindein, composed of heptane/THF/MEK/acetonitrile/acetic acid/water, was developed. This solvent system yielded a KD value for xylindein of 1.54±0.04, as determined by HPLC (n=3). The compositions of the upper phase and lower phase of the solvent system were determined by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR and proton NMR. A CPC system, equipped with a fraction collector, was used for the isolation of xylindein from crude extracts. The xylindein fractions isolated by the CPC were then analyzed using HPLC and presented as a fractogram. Based on the CPC fractogram, the purified xylindein fractions were achieved after 30min CPC separation time, yielding 71% extraction efficiency. The developed CPC method allowed for isolation of this naturally sourced xylindein in amounts suitable for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Boonloed
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Genevieve L Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kelly M Ramzy
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Veronica R Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vincent T Remcho
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fumat N, Berthod A, Faure K. Effect of operating parameters on a centrifugal partition chromatography separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1474:47-58. [PMID: 27823787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is the branch of countercurrent chromatography (CCC) that works with single axis hydrostatic columns with rotary seals. The hydrodynamic of the liquid stationary phase-liquid mobile phase equilibrium in the CPC chambers has been studied theoretically and with specially designed CPC columns. In this work, we selected a simple analytical separation (no loading study) of three test solutes, coccine red, coumarin and carvone, with a commonly used heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 1:1:1:1v/v biphasic liquid system and two different rotors: a commercially available 30-mL CPC instrument and a 80-mL prototype rotor designed for productivity. We fully studied this separation in many possible practical operating conditions of the two rotors, aiming at a generic column characterization. The rotor rotation was varied between 1000 and 2800rpm, the aqueous mobile phase flow rate was varied between 1 and 22mL/min with the 30-mL rotor and 10 and 55mL/min with the 80-mL rotor, the upper limits being mechanical constraints and some liquid stationary phase remaining in the rotor. The variations of Sf, the volume ratio of stationary phase in the rotor, were studied versus mobile phase flow rate and rotor rotation speed. A maximum mobile phase linear velocity was found to depend on the centrifugal field for the 30-mL rotor. This maximum velocity was not observed with the 80-mL rotor. Studying the changes in coumarin and carvone peak efficiencies, it is established that the number of cells required to make one theoretical plate, i.e. one chromatographic exchange, is minimized at maximal rotation speed and, to a lesser extent, at high mobile phase flow rate (or linear velocity). Considering the throughput, there is evidence of an optimal flow rate depending on the rotor rotation that is not necessarily the highest possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Fumat
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Berthod
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roehrer S, Bezold F, García EM, Minceva M. Deep eutectic solvents in countercurrent and centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1434:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Schwienheer C, Prinz A, Zeiner T, Merz J. Separation of active laccases from Pleurotus sapidus culture supernatant using aqueous two-phase systems in centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:1-7. [PMID: 26295695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the production of bio active compounds, e.g., active enzymes or antibodies, a conserved purification process with a minimum loss of active compounds is necessary. In centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), the separation effect is based on the different distribution of the components to be separated between two immiscible liquid phases. Thereby, one liquid phase is kept stationary in chambers by a centrifugal field and the mobile phase is pumped through via connecting ducts. Aqueous two phase systems (ATPS) are known to provide benign conditions for biochemical products and seem to be promising when used in CPC for purification tasks. However, it is not known if active biochemical compounds can "survive" the conditions in a CPC where strong shear forces can occur due to the two-phasic flow under centrifugal forces. Therefore, this aspect has been faced within this study by the separation of active laccases from a fermentation broth of Pleurotus sapidus. After selecting a suitable ATPS and operating conditions, the activity yield was calculated and the preservation of the active enzymes could be observed. Therefore, CPC could be shown as potentially suitable for the purification of bio-active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Schwienheer
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Prinz
- Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Zeiner
- Laboratory of Fluid Separations, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Merz
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1765-96. [PMID: 26177360 PMCID: PMC4517501 DOI: 10.1021/np501065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the current instrumentation, method development, and applications in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CCS). The article provides a critical review of the CCS literature from 2007 since our last review (J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1489-1508), with a special emphasis on the applications of CCS in natural products research. The current state of CCS is reviewed in regard to three continuing topics (instrumentation, solvent system development, theory) and three new topics (optimization of parameters, workflow, bioactivity applications). The goals of this review are to deliver the necessary background with references for an up-to-date perspective of CCS, to point out its potential for the natural product scientist, and thereby to induce new applications in natural product chemistry, metabolome, and drug discovery research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Brent Friesen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
- Physical
Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comparison of twin-cell centrifugal partition chromatographic columns with different cell volume. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:129-35. [PMID: 26105780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two twin-cell centrifugal partition chromatographic columns (SCPC 250 and SCPE-250-BIO, Armen Instrument, France) with the same column volume but different cell size and number were compared in terms of stationary phase retention and column efficiency. The columns were tested with two types of solvent systems: a commonly used organic solvent based biphasic system from the ARIZONA solvent system family and a polymer/salt based aqueous two phase system (ATPS). The efficiency of the columns was evaluated by pulse injection experiments of two benzenediols (pyrocatechol and hydroquinone) in the case of the ARIZONA system and a protein mixture (myoglobin and lysozyme) in the case of the ATPS. As result of high stationary phase retention, the column with the lower number of larger twin-cells (SCPE-250-BIO) is suitable for protein separations using ATPS. On the other hand, due to higher column efficiency, the column with the greater number of smaller cells (SCPC 250) is superior for batch elution separations performed with standard liquid-liquid chromatography organic solvent based biphasic systems.
Collapse
|
22
|
Deoxynybomycins inhibit mutant DNA gyrase and rescue mice infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6947. [PMID: 25907309 PMCID: PMC4421842 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics, but fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR) is widespread and increasing. Deoxynybomycin (DNM) is a natural-product antibiotic with an unusual mechanism of action, inhibiting the mutant DNA gyrase that confers FQR. Unfortunately, isolation of DNM is difficult and DNM is insoluble in aqueous solutions, making it a poor candidate for development. Here we describe a facile chemical route to produce DNM and its derivatives. These compounds possess excellent activity against FQR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci clinical isolates and inhibit mutant DNA gyrase in-vitro. Bacteria that develop resistance to DNM are re-sensitized to fluoroquinolones, suggesting that resistance that emerges to DNM would be treatable. Using a DNM derivative, the first in-vivo efficacy of the nybomycin class is demonstrated in a mouse infection model. Overall, the data presented suggest the promise of DNM derivatives for the treatment of FQR infections. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are widely used to treat serious bacterial infections, but resistance is an increasing problem. Here the authors describe the synthesis and characterization of novel deoxynybomycin derivatives that exhibit activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant infections in an in vivo model.
Collapse
|
23
|
Schwienheer C, Merz J, Schembecker G. Investigation, comparison and design of chambers used in centrifugal partition chromatography on the basis of flow pattern and separation experiments. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Schwienheer C, Merz J, Schembecker G. Selection and Use of Poly Ethylene Glycol and Phosphate Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for the Separation of Proteins by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.951765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schwienheer
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Juliane Merz
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schembecker
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Krause J, Oeldorf T, Schembecker G, Merz J. Enzymatic hydrolysis in an aqueous organic two-phase system using centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1391:72-9. [PMID: 25773726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multi-phase reaction systems, mostly aqueous organic systems, are used in enzyme catalysis to convert hydrophobic substrates which are almost insoluble in aqueous media. In this study, a Centrifugal Partition Chromatograph is used as a compact device for enzymatic multi-phase reaction that combines efficient substrate supply to the aqueous phase and separation of both phases in one apparatus. A process design procedure to systematically select the aqueous and organic phase to achieve stable and efficient reaction rates and operation conditions in Centrifugal Partition Chromatography for efficient mixing and separation of the phases is presented. The procedure is applied to the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl palmitate with a lipase derived from Candida rugosa. It was found that the hydrolysis rate of 4-nitrophenyl palmitate was two times higher in Centrifugal Partition Chromatography than in comparable stirred tank reactor experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Krause
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Oeldorf
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Schembecker
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Merz
- Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Frey A, Hopmann E, Minceva M. Selection of Biphasic Liquid Systems in Liquid-Liquid Chromatography Using Predictive Thermodynamic Models. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|