1
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Zhai Z, Mavridou D, Damian M, Mutti FG, Schoenmakers PJ, Gargano AFG. Characterization of Complex Proteoform Mixtures by Online Nanoflow Ion-Exchange Chromatography-Native Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8880-8885. [PMID: 38771719 PMCID: PMC11154664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The characterization of proteins and complexes in biological systems is essential to establish their critical properties and to understand their unique functions in a plethora of bioprocesses. However, it is highly difficult to analyze low levels of intact proteins in their native states (especially those exceeding 30 kDa) with liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). Herein, we describe for the first time the use of nanoflow ion-exchange chromatography directly coupled with native MS to resolve mixtures of intact proteins. Reference proteins and protein complexes with molecular weights between 10 and 150 kDa and a model cell lysate were separated using a salt-mediated pH gradient method with volatile additives. The method allowed for low detection limits (0.22 pmol of monoclonal antibodies), while proteins presented nondenatured MS (low number of charges and limited charge state distributions), and the oligomeric state of the complexes analyzed was mostly kept. Excellent chromatographic separations including the resolution of different proteoforms of large proteins (>140 kDa) and a peak capacity of 82 in a 30 min gradient were obtained. The proposed setup and workflows show great potential for analyzing diverse proteoforms in native top-down proteomics, opening unprecedented opportunities for clinical studies and other sample-limited applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Zhai
- Analytical
Chemistry Group and Biocatalysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Van’t Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of
Amsterdam, Science Park
904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Despoina Mavridou
- Analytical
Chemistry Group and Biocatalysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Van’t Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of
Amsterdam, Science Park
904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Damian
- Analytical
Chemistry Group and Biocatalysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Analytical
Chemistry Group and Biocatalysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Analytical
Chemistry Group and Biocatalysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Van’t Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of
Amsterdam, Science Park
904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F. G. Gargano
- Analytical
Chemistry Group and Biocatalysis Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Van’t Hoff Institute for
Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of
Amsterdam, Science Park
904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Duivelshof BL, Bouvarel T, Pirner S, Larraillet V, Knaupp A, Koll H, D’Atri V, Guillarme D. Enhancing Selectivity of Protein Biopharmaceuticals in Ion Exchange Chromatography through Addition of Organic Modifiers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16623. [PMID: 38068945 PMCID: PMC10706461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge heterogeneity among therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is considered an important critical quality attribute and requires careful characterization to ensure safe and efficacious drug products. The charge heterogeneity among mAbs is the result of chemical and enzymatic post-translational modifications and leads to the formation of acidic and basic variants that can be characterized using cation exchange chromatography (CEX). Recently, the use of mass spectrometry-compatible salt-mediated pH gradients has gained increased attention to elute the proteins from the charged stationary phase material. However, with the increasing antibody product complexity, more and more selectivity is required. Therefore, in this study, we set out to improve the selectivity by using a solvent-enriched mobile phase composition for the analysis of a variety of mAbs and bispecific antibody products. It was found that the addition of the solvents to the mobile phase appeared to modify the hydrate shell surrounding the protein and alter the retention behavior of the studied proteins. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the use of solvent-enriched mobile phase composition could be an attractive additional method parameter during method development in CEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Laurens Duivelshof
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Hans Koll
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU—Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Tatli O, Oz Y, Dingiloglu B, Yalcinkaya D, Basturk E, Korkmaz M, Akbulut L, Hatipoglu D, Kirmacoglu C, Akgun B, Turk K, Pinar O, Sariyar Akbulut B, Atabay Z, Tahir Turanli E, Kazan D, Dinler Doganay G. A two-step purification platform for efficient removal of Fab-related impurities: A case study for Ranibizumab. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21001. [PMID: 38027967 PMCID: PMC10651443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments (Fabs) constitute one of the largest and most rapidly expanding groups of protein pharmaceuticals. In particular, antibody fragments have certain advantages over mAbs in some therapeutic settings. However, due to their greater chemical diversity, they are more challenging to purify for large-scale production using a standard purification platform. Besides, the removal of Fab-related byproducts poses a difficult purification challenge. Alternative Fab purification platforms could expedite their commercialization and reduce the cost and time invested. Accordingly, we employed a strong cation exchanger using a pH-based, highly linear gradient elution mode following Protein L affinity purification and developed a robust two-step purification platform for an antibody fragment. The optimized pH gradient elution conditions were determined on the basis of purity level, yield, and the abundance of Fab-related impurities, particularly free light chain. The purified Fab molecule Ranibizumab possessed a high degree of similarity to its originator Lucentis. The developed purification platform highly intensified the process and provided successful clearance of formulated Fab- and process-related impurities (∼98 %) with an overall process recovery of 50 % and, thus, might be a new option for Fab purification for both academic and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tatli
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Oz
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Baran Dingiloglu
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yalcinkaya
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Basturk
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Melis Korkmaz
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Latif Akbulut
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Derya Hatipoglu
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Cansin Kirmacoglu
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Buse Akgun
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Kubra Turk
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Orkun Pinar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eda Tahir Turanli
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
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4
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De Fauw K, Umelo IA, Teng X, Vlyminck S, Rivera G, Brigé A, Delangle A. Theoretical charge plots as a tool for targeted and accelerated ion exchange chromatography method development of NANOBODY Ⓡ molecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464137. [PMID: 37356365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
NANOBODYⓇ molecules are an innovative class of biotherapeutics based on heavy chain only VHH immunoglobulins. Much like canonical antibodies, they are prone to the formation of charge variants and other post-translational modifications, which can potentially impact their critical quality attributes. Therefore, establishing high-resolution product-specific methods, such as IEX chromatography, is essential for evaluating the purity of these molecules. However, due to the lower surface charge of NANOBODYⓇ molecules, their charge-based elution behavior can differ considerably from that of classical antibodies, resulting in a more extensive method development set-up for these smaller molecules. Using an initial pH screening gradient based on theoretical protein charge plots, we investigated the IEX retention behavior of eight NANOBODYⓇ molecules with a wide range of pI values (pI 5.0 to 10.0). Our findings reveal that the charge-based chromatographic behavior of NANOBODYⓇ molecules cannot be solely attributed to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. Rather, a molecule-specific charge threshold was identified as a critical parameter for NANOBODYⓇ molecule retention. Furthermore, the protein charge plot also showed that NANOBODYⓇ molecule elution can be characterized by a charge plateau where the net charge of the protein remains constant over a certain pH range (∼ pH 5.5 to pH 8.0), further challenging the paradigm that elution pH and pI are fixed values. The application of this theoretical approach using protein charge plots to define NANOBODYⓇ molecule charge threshold and charge plateau parameters, can reduce overall IEX method development turnaround time by at least 2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken De Fauw
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Ijeoma A Umelo
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Xia Teng
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Silke Vlyminck
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Gustavo Rivera
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Ann Brigé
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Aurélie Delangle
- Sanofi Large Molecules Research, NANOBODY(Ⓡ) Research Platform, Analytics, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium.
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5
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van Schaick G, Domínguez-Vega E, Castel J, Wuhrer M, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S. Online Collision-Induced Unfolding of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Glyco-Variants through Direct Hyphenation of Cation Exchange Chromatography with Native Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3932-3939. [PMID: 36791123 PMCID: PMC9979139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) not only substantially increase structural heterogeneity of proteins but can also alter the conformation or even biological functions. Monitoring of these PTMs is particularly important for therapeutic products, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), since their efficacy and safety may depend on the PTM profile. Innovative analytical strategies should be developed to map these PTMs as well as explore possible induced conformational changes. Cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) coupled with native mass spectrometry has already emerged as a valuable asset for the characterization of mAb charge variants. Nevertheless, questions regarding protein conformation cannot be explored using this approach. Thus, we have combined CEX separation with collision-induced unfolding (CIU) experiments to monitor the unfolding pattern of separated mAbs and thereby pick up subtle conformational differences without impairing the CEX resolution. Using this novel strategy, only four CEX-CIU runs had to be recorded for a complete CIU fingerprint either at the intact mAb level or after enzymatic digestion at the mAb subunit level. As a proof of concept, CEX-CIU was first used for an isobaric mAb mixture to highlight the possibility to acquire individual CIU fingerprints of CEX-separated species without compromising CEX separation performances. CEX-CIU was next successfully applied to conformational characterization of mAb glyco-variants, in order to derive glycoform-specific information on the gas-phase unfolding, and CIU patterns of Fc fragments, revealing increased resistance of sialylated glycoforms against gas-phase unfolding. Altogether, we demonstrated the possibilities and benefits of combining CEX with CIU for in-depth characterization of mAb glycoforms, paving the way for linking conformational changes and resistance to gas-phase unfolding charge variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guusje van Schaick
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Castel
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France,Infrastructure
Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048
CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France,Infrastructure
Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048
CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France,Infrastructure
Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048
CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France,
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6
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Schwahn AB, Baek J, Lin S, Pohl CA, Cook K. A Universal Eluent System for Method Scouting and Separation of Biotherapeutic Proteins by Ion-Exchange, Size-Exclusion, and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16369-16375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Baek
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, California94085, United States
| | - Shanhua Lin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, California94085, United States
| | | | - Ken Cook
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hemel Hempstead, HertfordshireHP2 7GE, U.K
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7
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Martínez-Ortega A, Herrera A, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Perez-Robles R, Navas N. Degradation and in-use stability study of five marketed therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by generic weak cation exchange liquid chromatographic method ((WCX)HPLC/DAD). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1203:123295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Liu AP, Yan Y, Wang S, Li N. Coupling Anion Exchange Chromatography with Native Mass Spectrometry for Charge Heterogeneity Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6355-6362. [PMID: 35420790 PMCID: PMC9047409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent success of coupling anion exchange chromatography with native mass spectrometry (AEX-MS) to study anionic proteins, the utility of AEX-MS methods in therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) characterization has been limited. In this work, we developed and optimized a salt gradient-based AEX-MS method and explored its utility in charge variant analysis of therapeutic mAbs. We demonstrated that, although the developed AEX-MS method is less useful for IgG1 molecules that have higher isoelectric points (pIs), it is an attractive alternative for charge variant analysis of IgG4 molecules. By elevating the column temperature and lowering the mAb pI through PNGase F-mediated deglycosylation, the chromatographical resolution from AEX separation can be significantly improved. We also demonstrated that, after PNGase F and IdeS digestion, the AEX-MS method exhibited excellent resolving power for multiple attributes in the IgG4 Fc region, including unprocessed C-terminal Lys, N-glycosylation occupancy, and several conserved Fc deamidations, making it ideally suited for multiple attribute monitoring (MAM). Through fractionation and peptide mapping analysis, we also demonstrated that the developed AEX-MS method can provide site-specific and isoform-resolved separation of Fc deamidation products, allowing rapid and artifact-free quantitation of these modifications without performing bottom-up analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita P Liu
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Yuetian Yan
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Shunhai Wang
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
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9
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Poplewska I, Zimoch P, Antos D. Dissociation events during processing of monoclonal antibodies on strong cation exchange resins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Separation of charge variants of a monoclonal antibody by overloaded ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462607. [PMID: 34656842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for adjusting the content of charge variants of monoclonal antibody by ion exchange chromatography has been developed. The band splitting phenomenon was utilized to split the protein load into two parts, i.e., the flowthrough and bound fractions, which were either enriched or depleted with some of variants. The phenomenon was triggered by thermodynamic effects resulting from oversaturation of the resin binding sites at high column loadings as well as from kinetic effects arising from limited rates of mass transport. Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) and anion exchange chromatography (AEX) separations were examined, with the reverse order of the variant elution: acidic, main, basic in CEX, and basic, main, acidic in AEX, and the corresponding reverse enrichment tendency in the collected fractions. The separations were performed by pH gradient, whose course was simplified to two stages: isocratic loading and washing at mild pH to load and partly elute the protein, followed by a rapid pH change towards non-binding conditions to desorb the remains of the protein load. To improve yield of the operation, possibility of recycling of waste fractions was considered. To predict the process performance, a dynamic model was developed, which accounted for both adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.
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11
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Navarro-Huerta JA, Murisier A, Nguyen JM, Lauber MA, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Ultra-short ion-exchange columns for fast charge variants analysis of therapeutic proteins. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1657:462568. [PMID: 34601253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the potential of recently developed ultra-short column hardware for ion exchange chromatography (IEX). Various prototype and commercial columns having lengths of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 50 mm and packed with non-porous 3 µm particles were systematically compared. Both pH and salt gradient modes of elution were evaluated. Similarly, what has been previously reported for reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) mode, an "on-off" retention mechanism was observed in IEX for therapeutic proteins and their fragments (25-150 kDa range). Because of the non-porous nature of the IEX packing material, the column porosity was relatively low (ε = 0.42) and therefore the volumes of ultra-short columns were very small. Based on this observation, it was important to reduce as much as possible all the sources of extra-column volumes (i.e. injection volume, extra-bed volume, detector cell volume and connector tubing volume), to limit peak broadening. With a fully optimized UHPLC system, very fast separations of intact and IdeS digested mAb products were successfully performed in about 1 min using an IEX column with dimensions of 15 × 2.1 mm. This column was selected for high-throughput separations, since it probably offers the best compromise between efficiency and analysis time. For such ultra-fast separations, PEEK tubing was applied to bypass the column oven (column directly connected) to the optical detector via a zero dead volume connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Navarro-Huerta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer M Nguyen
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757-3696, United States
| | - Matthew A Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757-3696, United States
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF, Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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12
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Spanov B, Olaleye O, Lingg N, Bentlage AEH, Govorukhina N, Hermans J, van de Merbel N, Vidarsson G, Jungbauer A, Bischoff R. Change of charge variant composition of trastuzumab upon stressing at physiological conditions. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462506. [PMID: 34492576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cation-exchange chromatography is a widely used approach to study charge heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies. Heterogeneity may arise both in vitro and in vivo because of the susceptibility of monoclonal antibodies to undergo chemical modifications. Modifications may adversely affect the potency of the drug, induce immunogenicity or affect pharmacokinetics. In this study, we evaluated the application of optimized pH gradient systems for the separation of charge variants of trastuzumab after forced degradation study. pH gradient-based elution resulted in high-resolution separation of some 20 charge variants after 3 weeks at 37°C under physiological conditions. The charge variants were further characterized by LC-MS-based peptide mapping. There was no significant difference in the binding properties to HER2 or a range of Fcγ receptors between non-stressed and stressed trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baubek Spanov
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oladapo Olaleye
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Hermans
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico van de Merbel
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Bioanalytical Laboratory, PRA Health Sciences, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ Assen, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Fekete S, Murisier A, Lauber M, Guillarme D. Empirical correction of non-linear pH gradients and a tool for application to protein ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462320. [PMID: 34144399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This concept article reports a practical solution to improve the linearity of effluent pH response as observed in pH gradient cation exchange chromatography (CEX). When performing pH gradient CEX, it is not easy to develop buffer systems that will universally provide pH response proportional with the mobile phase (buffer) composition. It is an especially challenging pursuit when exploring MS compatible buffers (e.g. ammonium-acetate, ammonium-carbonate). In addition to "non-proportional" behavior from the mobile phase composition, the chromatographic column itself will sometimes impose an unpredictable impact on the effluent pH. Here, we propose a simple approach based on the on-line measurement of effluent pH response, conversion of pH to mobile phase volume fraction (φ) and then generation of the inverse response function in the time domain. In the end, when setting the inverse function as the gradient program instead of a linear gradient, an improved - ideally linear - pH response can be produced. A simple Excel tool was developed to assist analysts with this correction procedure, and it has been made available by download for public use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, located in CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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14
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Yüce M, Sert F, Torabfam M, Parlar A, Gürel B, Çakır N, Dağlıkoca DE, Khan MA, Çapan Y. Fractionated charge variants of biosimilars: A review of separation methods, structural and functional analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:238189. [PMID: 33648647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The similarity between originator and biosimilar monoclonal antibody candidates are rigorously assessed based on primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, and biological functions. Minor differences in such parameters may alter target-binding, potency, efficacy, or half-life of the molecule. The charge heterogeneity analysis is a prerequisite for all biotherapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies are prone to enzymatic or non-enzymatic structural modifications during or after the production processes, leading to the formation of fragments or aggregates, various glycoforms, oxidized, deamidated, and other degraded residues, reduced Fab region binding activity or altered FcR binding activity. Therefore, the charge variant profiles of the monoclonal antibodies must be regularly and thoroughly evaluated. Comparative structural and functional analysis of physically separated or fractioned charged variants of monoclonal antibodies has gained significant attention in the last few years. The fraction-based charge variant analysis has proved very useful for the biosimilar candidates comprising of unexpected charge isoforms. In this report, the key methods for the physical separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants, structural and functional analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon resonance techniques were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yüce
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Sert
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Milad Torabfam
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Parlar
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Gürel
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Çakır
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu E Dağlıkoca
- ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Texas A&M Health Sciences Centre, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yılmaz Çapan
- ILKO ARGEM Biotechnology R&D Center, 34906, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Goyon A, McDonald D, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Stella C. Development of an innovative salt-mediated pH gradient cation exchange chromatography method for the characterization of therapeutic antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1160:122379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Poplewska I, Piątkowski W, Antos D. A case study of the mechanism of unfolding and aggregation of a monoclonal antibody in ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461687. [PMID: 33246679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic model for describing unfolding of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in ion exchange chromatography has been developed. The model reproduced retention behavior characteristic for conformational changes of antibodies upon adsorption, including: multi-peak elution, aggregate formation, and recovery reduction. Two competitive paths in the adsorption mechanism of the unfolded protein were assumed: refolding in the adsorbed phase to the native form followed by its desorption, or direct desorption followed by instantaneous aggregation in the liquid phase. The reduction in recovery of the eluted protein was attributed to spreading of the unfolded protein on the adsorbent surface, which enhanced the binding affinity. The model was formulated based on the analysis of retention behavior of a model mAb that was eluted in pH gradients on a strong cation exchange resin. The pH profile was found to be distorted in the presence of the protein, which was ascribed to dissociation of ionizable groups of the protein in the adsorbed phase. Since the protein retention was strongly pH dependent, that phenomenon was also accounted for in mathematical modeling. A series of independent experiments was designed to evaluate the model parameters that quantified the process thermodynamics and kinetics: the Henry constants of the native, unfolded, spread and aggregated forms of the protein along with underlying kinetic coefficients. The model was efficient in reproducing the retention pattern of the protein and the aggregate content in eluting band profiles. After proper calibration, the model can potentially be used to quantify protein unfolding and elution in other ion exchange systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Poplewska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
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17
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Baek J, Schwahn AB, Lin S, Pohl CA, De Pra M, Tremintin SM, Cook K. New Insights into the Chromatography Mechanisms of Ion-Exchange Charge Variant Analysis: Dispelling Myths and Providing Guidance for Robust Method Optimization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13411-13419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baek
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States of America
| | | | - Shanhua Lin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Pohl
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States of America
| | - Mauro De Pra
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstrasse 4, Germering 82110, Germany
| | - Stacy M. Tremintin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States of America
| | - Ken Cook
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Stafford House, 1 Boundary Park, Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE, U.K
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18
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Farsang E, Horváth K, Beck A, Wang Q, Lauber M, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Impact of the column on effluent pH in cation exchange pH gradient chromatography, a practical study. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461350. [PMID: 32797830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In ionexchange chromatography, the pH gradient mode becomes more and more popular today for the analysis of therapeutic proteins as this mode can provide higher or alternative selectivity to the commonly used salt gradient mode. Ideally, a linear pH response is expected when performing linear gradients. However up to now, only a very few buffer systems have been developed and are commercially available which can perform nearly linear pH responses when flowing through a given column. It is also known that a selected buffer system (mobile phase) can work well on one column but can fail on other column. The goal of this study was to practically evaluate the effects that ionexchange columns (weak and strong exchangers) might have on effluent pH, when performing linear pH gradient separations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. To attain this objective, the pH was monitored on-line at the column outlet using a specific setup. To make comprehensive observations of the phenomenon, four different mobile phase conditions and five cation exchange columns (weak and strong exchangers) were employed. The obtained pH responses were systematically compared to responses measured in the absence of the columns. From this work, it has become clear that both the column and mobile phase can have significant effects on pH gradient chromatography and that their combination must be considered when developing a new method. Phase systems (column + mobile phase) providing linear pH responses are indeed the most suitable for separating mAbs with different isoelectric points and, with them, it is possible to elute mAbs across wide retention time ranges and with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Farsang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Horváth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Qi Wang
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States; Current Address: Bristol Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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19
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Farsang E, Guillarme D, Veuthey JL, Beck A, Lauber M, Schmudlach A, Fekete S. Coupling non-denaturing chromatography to mass spectrometry for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Carillo S, Jakes C, Bones J. In-depth analysis of monoclonal antibodies using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Tuning selectivity in cation-exchange chromatography applied for monoclonal antibody separations, part 2: Evaluation of recent stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:320-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Tuning selectivity in cation-exchange chromatography applied for monoclonal antibody separations, part 1: Alternative mobile phases and fine tuning of the separation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Bailey AO, Han G, Phung W, Gazis P, Sutton J, Josephs JL, Sandoval W. Charge variant native mass spectrometry benefits mass precision and dynamic range of monoclonal antibody intact mass analysis. MAbs 2018; 10:1214-1225. [PMID: 30339478 PMCID: PMC6284562 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1521131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The preponderance and diversity of charge variants in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has implications for antibody efficacy and degradation. Understanding the extent and impact of minor antibody variants is of great interest, and it is also a critical regulatory requirement. Traditionally, a combination of approaches is used to characterize antibody charge heterogeneity, including ion exchange chromatography and independent mass spectrometric variant site mapping after proteolytic digestion. Here, we describe charge variant native mass spectrometry (CVMS), an integrated native ion exchange mass spectrometry-based charge variant analytical approach that delivers detailed molecular information in a single, semi-automated analysis. We utilized pure volatile salt mobile phases over a pH gradient that effectively separated variants based on minimal differences in isoelectric point. Characterization of variants such as deamidation, which are traditionally unattainable by intact mass due to their minimal molecular weight differences, were measured unambiguously by mass and retention time to allow confident MS1 identification. We demonstrate that efficient chromatographic separation allows introduction of the purified forms of the charge variant isoforms into the Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Our CVMS method allows confident assignment of intact monoclonal antibody isoforms of similar mass and relative abundance measurements across three orders of magnitude dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O Bailey
- a Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , CA , USA
| | - Guanghui Han
- b Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics , Genentech, Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- b Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics , Genentech, Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Paul Gazis
- a Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , CA , USA
| | - Jennifer Sutton
- a Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan L Josephs
- a Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , CA , USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- b Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics , Genentech, Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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24
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Jin M, Chen Z, Wang Z, Huang J, Chang Z, Gao H. Separation of two microbial transglutaminase isomers from Streptomyces mobaraensis using pH-mediated cation exchange chromatography and their characterization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1097-1098:111-118. [PMID: 30218918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) derived from Streptomyces mobaraensis has been widely used in the food, biotechnology and medicine fields. The lot-to-lot consistency and product stability of MTGase must be ensured. The structure and charge variants of MTGase can influence its bioactivity. In this study, MTGase isomers (MTG I1 and MTG I2) were found during the separation of MTGase by pH-mediated cation-exchange chromatography. MTG I1 and MTG I2 had the same molecular weight and N-terminal amino acid sequences, but they showed charge heterogeneity. The affinity of MTG I2 for substrates was higher than that of MTG I1, and the thermal stability and the acid-base tolerance of MTG I1 were significantly higher than that of MTG I2. Therefore, the ratio of MTG I1/MTG I2 was positively correlated with the stability of MTGase. The buffer pH and the ionic strength of the eluent had significant effects on the separation of MTG I1 and MTG I2, and the elution gradient steepness and column load showed little effect on the separation of the MTG I1 and MTG I2 peaks. We built a stable and repeatable separation method for MTG I1 and MTG I2. MTG I1 could transform into MTG I2, but MTG I2 was unable to transform into MTG I1, making the transformation of MTG I1 to MTG I2 was irreversible. When MTG I2 was removed from the MTGase, a portion of the MTG I1 could transform into MTG I2. Therefore, one way to increase the stability of MTGase was to reduce the transformation of MTG I1 to MTG I2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Jin
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhizhen Wang
- Guangdong Guangya High School, No. 1 Xiwan Road, Guangzhou 510160, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zhongyi Chang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Hongliang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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25
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Development and validation of a (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/Orbitrap)MS method for the identification and quantification of mixtures of intact therapeutical monoclonal antibodies using a monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:437-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Trappe A, Füssl F, Carillo S, Zaborowska I, Meleady P, Bones J. Rapid charge variant analysis of monoclonal antibodies to support lead candidate biopharmaceutical development. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Chung S, Tian J, Tan Z, Chen J, Lee J, Borys M, Li ZJ. Industrial bioprocessing perspectives on managing therapeutic protein charge variant profiles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jun Tian
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens Massachusetts
| | - Jie Chen
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens Massachusetts
| | - Jongchan Lee
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens Massachusetts
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Devens Massachusetts
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28
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Füssl F, Cook K, Scheffler K, Farrell A, Mittermayr S, Bones J. Charge Variant Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Direct Coupled pH Gradient Cation Exchange Chromatography to High-Resolution Native Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4669-4676. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Füssl
- NIBRT−The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue,
Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Ken Cook
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Stafford House, 1 Boundary Park, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7GE, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Scheffler
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstrasse 4, 82110 Germering, Germany
| | - Amy Farrell
- NIBRT−The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue,
Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Stefan Mittermayr
- NIBRT−The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue,
Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT−The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue,
Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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29
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Tassi M, De Vos J, Chatterjee S, Sobott F, Bones J, Eeltink S. Advances in native high-performance liquid chromatography and intact mass spectrometry for the characterization of biopharmaceutical products. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:125-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tassi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sneha Chatterjee
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Jonathan Bones
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT); Dublin Ireland
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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30
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Patel BA, Pinto ND, Gospodarek A, Kilgore B, Goswami K, Napoli WN, Desai J, Heo JH, Panzera D, Pollard D, Richardson D, Brower M, Richardson DD. On-Line Ion Exchange Liquid Chromatography as a Process Analytical Technology for Monoclonal Antibody Characterization in Continuous Bioprocessing. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11357-11365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumit A. Patel
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nuno D.S. Pinto
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Adrian Gospodarek
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bruce Kilgore
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kudrat Goswami
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William N. Napoli
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jun H. Heo
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dominick Panzera
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David Pollard
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daisy Richardson
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark Brower
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas D. Richardson
- Biologics & Vaccines, Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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31
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Creasy A, Barker G, Carta G. Systematic interpolation method predicts protein chromatographic elution with salt gradients, pH gradients and combined salt/pH gradients. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arch Creasy
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Gregory Barker
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Hopewell NJ USA
| | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA USA
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32
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Sharkey B, Pudi S, Wallace Moyer I, Zhong L, Prinz B, Baruah H, Lynaugh H, Kumar S, Wittrup KD, Nett JH. Purification of common light chain IgG-like bispecific antibodies using highly linear pH gradients. MAbs 2016; 9:257-268. [PMID: 27937066 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1267090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monovalent bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are projected to have broad clinical applications due to their ability to bind two different targets simultaneously. Although they can be produced using recombinant technologies, the correct pairing of heavy and light chains is a significant manufacturing problem. Various approaches exploit mutations or linkers to favor the formation of the desired BsAb, but a format using a single common light chain has the advantage that no other modification to the antibody is required. This strategy reduces the number of formed molecules to three (the BsAb and the two parent mAbs), but the separation of the BsAb from the two monovalent parent molecules still poses a potentially difficult purification challenge. Current methods employ ion exchange chromatography and linear salt gradients, but are only successful if the difference in the observed isoelectric points (pIs) of two parent molecules is relatively large. Here, we describe the use of highly linear pH gradients for the facile purification of common light chain BsAbs. The method is effective at separating molecules with differences in pI as little as 0.10, and differing in their sequence by only a single charged amino acid. We also demonstrate that purification resins validated for manufacturing are compatible with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Sharkey
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Sarat Pudi
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Ian Wallace Moyer
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Lihui Zhong
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Bianka Prinz
- b Department of Antibody Discovery , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Hemanta Baruah
- b Department of Antibody Discovery , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Heather Lynaugh
- c Department of Protein Analytics , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Sampath Kumar
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA.,b Department of Antibody Discovery , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Department of Protein Analytics , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Juergen H Nett
- a Department of High-Throughput Expression , Adimab LLC , Lebanon , NH , USA
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33
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Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Janzek E, Mutschlechner O, Loibner H, Jungbauer A. Microheterogeneity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is governed by changes in the surface charge of the protein. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1617-1627. [PMID: 27753240 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown for individual antibodies, that the microheterogenity pattern can have a significant impact on various key characteristics of the product. The aim of this study to get a more generalized understanding of the importance of microheterogeneity. For that purpose, the charge variant pattern of various different commercially available therapeutic mAb products was compared using Cation-Exchange Chromatography with linear pH gradient antigen affinity, Fc-receptor affinity, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and conformational stability. For three of the investigated antibodies, the basic charge variants showed a stronger binding affinity towards FcγRIIIa as well as an increased ADCC response. Differences in the conformational stability of antibody charge variants and the corresponding reference samples could not be detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The different biological properties of the mAb variants are therefore governed by changes in the surface charge of the protein and not by an altered structure. This can help to identify aspects of microheterogeneity that are critical for product quality and can lead to further improvements in the development and production of therapeutic antibody products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hintersteiner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Janzek
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 5, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hans Loibner
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 5, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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34
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Bobály B, Sipkó E, Fekete J. Challenges in liquid chromatographic characterization of proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:3-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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35
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Hosken BD, Li C, Mullappally B, Co C, Zhang B. Isolation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants by Free Flow Isoelectric Focusing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5662-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Hosken
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Technologies, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charlene Li
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Technologies, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Berny Mullappally
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Technologies, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Co
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Technologies, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Technologies, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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36
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KUBOTA K, KOBAYASHI N, YABUTA M, OHARA M, NAITO T, KUBO T, OTSUKA K. Validation of Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Method for Evaluating Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2016.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei KUBOTA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Naoki KOBAYASHI
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Masayuki YABUTA
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Motomu OHARA
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | - Takuya KUBO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Koji OTSUKA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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37
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Fekete S, Guillarme D, Sandra P, Sandra K. Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2015; 88:480-507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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38
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Martínez-Ortega A, Herrera A, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Navas N. Study and ICH validation of a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of the intact monoclonal antibody cetuximab. J Pharm Anal 2015; 6:117-124. [PMID: 29403971 PMCID: PMC5762446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses performed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection ((RP)HPLC/DAD) is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, precision, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by comprehensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As demonstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also successfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Herrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Salmerón-García
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, San Cecilio Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute ibs. GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Cabeza
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, San Cecilio Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute ibs. GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibis. GRANADA, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Navas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibis. GRANADA, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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39
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Stoll DR, Harmes DC, Danforth J, Wagner E, Guillarme D, Fekete S, Beck A. Direct Identification of Rituximab Main Isoforms and Subunit Analysis by Online Selective Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8307-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight R. Stoll
- Department
of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - David C. Harmes
- Department
of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - John Danforth
- Department
of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - Elsa Wagner
- Center
of Immunology
Pierre Fabre, 5, Avenue Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Center
of Immunology
Pierre Fabre, 5, Avenue Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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40
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Fekete S, Beck A, Guillarme D. Characterization of cation exchanger stationary phases applied for the separations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Zhang R, Zhang L, Li C, Chen B, Li Q, Fang X, Shen Y. Refolding of Recombinant Histidine-Tagged Catalytic Domain of MMP-13 from Escherichia coli with Ion-Exchange Chromatography for Higher Bioactivity. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.917669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center/Director Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources , Northwest University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center/Director Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources , Northwest University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Cong Li
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center/Director Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources , Northwest University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Bang Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center/Director Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources , Northwest University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center/Director Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources , Northwest University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Xuexun Fang
- b Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering of Ministry of Education , Jilin University , Chang Chun , P. R. China
| | - Yehua Shen
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center/Director Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources , Northwest University , Xi'an , P. R. China
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42
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Moritz B, Schnaible V, Kiessig S, Heyne A, Wild M, Finkler C, Christians S, Mueller K, Zhang L, Furuya K, Hassel M, Hamm M, Rustandi R, He Y, Solano OS, Whitmore C, Park SA, Hansen D, Santos M, Lies M. Evaluation of capillary zone electrophoresis for charge heterogeneity testing of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 983-984:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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43
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Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Ion-exchange chromatography for the characterization of biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:43-55. [PMID: 25800161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge heterogeneity. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of theoretical and practical aspects of modern IEX applied for the characterization of therapeutic proteins including monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). The section on method development describes how to select a suitable stationary phase chemistry and dimensions, the mobile phase conditions (pH, nature and concentration of salt), as well as the temperature and flow rate, considering proteins isoelectric point (pI). In addition, both salt-gradient and pH-gradient approaches were critically reviewed and benefits as well as limitations of these two strategies were provided. Finally, several applications, mostly from pharmaceutical industries, illustrate the potential of IEX for the characterization of charge variants of various types of biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France(1)
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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44
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Fekete S, Beck A, Fekete J, Guillarme D. Method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography, Part I: Salt gradient approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography, Part II: pH gradient approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Talebi M, Shellie RA, Hilder EF, Lacher NA, Haddad PR. Semiautomated pH Gradient Ion-Exchange Chromatography of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9794-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502372r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talebi
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Robert A. Shellie
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Emily F. Hilder
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Nathan A. Lacher
- Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical
Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
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47
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Sandra K, Vandenheede I, Sandra P. Modern chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques for protein biopharmaceutical characterization. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:81-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Lingg N, Tan E, Hintersteiner B, Bardor M, Jungbauer A. Highly linear pH gradients for analyzing monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity in the alkaline range. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:65-71. [PMID: 24183595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies with high isoelectric point are frequent since most of them are constructed from the same framework. Classically, cation exchange chromatography is used as a standard method for the determination of antibody charge heterogeneity. In contrast, in this study highly linear pH gradients were achieved by keeping the buffering capacity over the length of the gradient constant. The buffering compounds were selected to be unretained on the column and their respective concentration was adjusted in the start and end buffer of the pH gradient to achieve constant buffering capacity. This helps conserve linearity and stability of the gradient. The method allows quantification of charge variant distribution and the determination of chromatographic isoelectric point. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel method, a ProPac WCX-10 column was used to separate isoforms of trastuzumab biosimilar antibodies. Effects of pH gradient linearity and of varying the analytical amount of sample on the separation are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, No. 06-01 Centros, 138668 Singapore, Singapore
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