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Shah U, Bhattarai R, Al-Salami H, Blanchard C, Johnson SK. Advances in Extraction, Structure, and Physiochemical Properties of Sorghum Kafirin for Biomaterial Applications: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:172. [PMID: 39057294 PMCID: PMC11278494 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kafirin is an endosperm-specific hydrophobic protein found in sorghum grain and the waste by-product from sorghum biorefineries known as sorghum dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS). Because of kafirin's poor nutritional profile (negative nitrogen balance, slow digestibility, and lack of some essential amino acids), its direct human use as a food is restricted. Nevertheless, increased focus on biofuel production from sorghum grain has triggered a new wave of research to use sorghum DDGS kafirin as a food-grade protein for biomaterials with diverse applications. These applications result from kafirin's unique chemical nature: high hydrophobicity, evaporation-induced self-assembling capacity, elongated conformation, water insolubility, and low digestibility. Aqueous alcohol mixtures have been widely used for the extraction of kafirin. The composition, structure, extraction methodologies, and physiochemical properties of kafirin, emphasising its biomaterial functionality, are discussed in detail in this review. The literature survey reveals an in-depth understanding of extraction methodologies and their impact on structure functionality, which could assist in formulating materials of kafirin at a commercial scale. Ongoing research continues to explore the potential of kafirin and optimise its utilisation as a functional biomaterial, highlighting its valuable structural and physicochemical properties. Further studies should focus on covering gaps in the research as some of the current structural understanding comes from data on zein protein from maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Shah
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (U.S.)
| | - Rewati Bhattarai
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (U.S.)
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- ARC ITTC for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (U.S.)
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Pal Y, Mali SN, Kale SB, Pratap AP. Improved adsorptive purification and effective separation of acidic and lactonic sophorolipid biosurfactant. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Hu L, Wu Y, Li M, Zhang X, Xian X, Mai Y, Lin X. Highly selective adsorption of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from multicomponent mixture by simple pH controlled in batch and fixed-bed column studies: Competitive isotherms, kinetic and breakthrough curves simulation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yang P, Jin J, Wen Q, Lin C, Fu J, Zhuang W, Wu J, Liu D, Zhu C, Ying H. Hydrates of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium and their transformation. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difference of crystal water behaviors for cAMPNa hydrates was attributed mainly to the steric effects in lattices. Excessive loss of crystal water would destroy the host structure, and result in the disability of reversible transformation.
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Zheng J, He X, Cai C, Xiao J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Pan B, Lin X. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics simulation and breakthrough analysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural adsorption/desorption behavior of a novel polar-modified post-cross-linked poly (divinylbenzene-co-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) resin. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124732. [PMID: 31499304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A polar modified post-cross-linked poly (divinylbenzene-co-ethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate) (PCL-PDE) resin was synthesized by suspension polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB), and a post-cross-linked reaction. After characterization, the adsorption behaviors of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) on PCL-PDE resin were determined in comparison with the starting copolymers PDE resin. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of 5-HMF on PCL-PDE resin was much larger than PDE resin and the increase rate was greater than 52.6%. The equilibrium data of 5-HMF onto PCL-PDE resin were found to be better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic data shows that the adsorption reached equilibrium in a short time (less than 20 min) can be fitted by the pore diffusion model (PDM) at various operating conditions. The effective pore diffusion coefficient was dependent upon adsorption temperature, and were 6.706 × 10-10, 8.958 × 10-10, 1.136 × 10-9 and 1.429 × 10-9 m2 s-1 at 288, 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of feed flow rate (Qf = 0.6, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mL min-1) and initial 5-HMF concentration (cf = 0.52, 1.02, 2.00 and 4.96 g L-1) on the adsorption were investigated systematically. Besides, a general rate model (GRM) was used to predict adsorption breakthrough curves of 5-HMF. The simulation results are highly consistent with the experimental data, indicating that the GRM can successfully simulate this process. In the desorption process, the desorption capacity reaches 99.6% of adsorbed capacity, suggesting that the PCL-PDE resin exhibited good reusability. Therefore, it could be suggested that the PCL-PDE resin has a potential application in the separation and purification of 5-HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianda He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiliu Cai
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxiong Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Bioenergy Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
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Effect of wet and dry milling on the functional properties of whole sorghum grain flour and kafirin. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 57:1100-1109. [PMID: 32123431 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of wet and dry milling on the functional properties of whole sorghum grain flour (SF) and extracted kafirin were assessed. White sorghum landrace was used to prepare two SFs by wet milling (SF1) or dry milling (SF2) and to extract their respective kafirins SK1 and SK2. Protein contents of SK1 and SK2 were 90.07 and 94.23%. Wet milling of SF allowed increasing the oil binding capacity, the least gelling concentration and the instant foam capacity and decreasing the water binding capacity and foam stability. The emulsifying activity index of SF1 and SF2 were in the same range, while emulsion stability was two time higher in SF2. Functional properties of SK1 and SK2 showed an appropriate water binding capacity of 2.20 ± 0.10 and 1.82 ± 0.22 (g water/g dry mater), respectively. Both SK1 and SK2 showed higher oil binding capacity than SF1 and SF2 with no gel and foam formation. The wet milling improved water and oil binding capacities of SK1 by 17 and 5%. The emulsifying activity indexes were approximately similar for SK1 and SK2 with emulsion stability exceeding 60%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of SK1 and SK2 showed that wet milling induced a decrease of α-helical structure and an increase of intermolecular β-sheet and β-turns and no change in the anti parallel β-sheet. This study showed that wet milling could allow extracting kafirin with preserving the most important functional properties of SF and kafirin and could constitute an interesting method for protein recovery and starch isolation.
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Competitive adsorption of vanillin and syringaldehyde on a macro-mesopore polymeric resin: modeling. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1435-1445. [PMID: 31079221 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin and syringaldehyde are widely used as flavoring and fragrance agents in the food products. The potential of a macro-mesoporous adsorption resin was assessed for separation of these binary mixtures. This work focuses on modeling of the competitive adsorption behaviors and exploration of the adsorption mechanism. The characterization results showed the resin had a large BET surface area and specific pore structure with hydrophobic properties. By analysis of the physicochemical properties of the solutes and the resin, the separation mechanism was mainly contributed by hydrophobic effect. Subsequently, the competitive Langmuir isotherm model was used to fit the competitive adsorption isotherms. The pore diffusion coefficient was obtained by macropore diffusion model. Afterwards, a mathematical model was established to predict the breakthrough curves of the binary mixture at various operating conditions. The data and model presented are valuable for design and simulation of the continuous chromatographic separation process.
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Xiong N, Yu R, Chen T, Xue YP, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Separation and purification of l-methionine from E. coli fermentation broth by macroporous resin chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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9
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Song M, Jiao P, Qin T, Jiang K, Zhou J, Zhuang W, Chen Y, Liu D, Zhu C, Chen X, Ying H, Wu J. Recovery of lactic acid from the pretreated fermentation broth based on a novel hyper-cross-linked meso-micropore resin: Modeling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:593-602. [PMID: 28601777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An innovative benign process for recovery lactic acid from its fermentation broth is proposed using a novel hyper-cross-linked meso-micropore resin and water as eluent. This work focuses on modeling the competitive adsorption behaviors of glucose, lactic acid and acetic acid ternary mixture and explosion of the adsorption mechanism. The characterization results showed the resin had a large BET surface area and specific pore structure with hydrophobic properties. By analysis of the physicochemical properties of the solutes and the resin, the mechanism of the separation is proposed as hydrophobic effect and size-exclusion. Subsequently three chromatographic models were applied to predict the competitive breakthrough curves of the ternary mixture under different operating conditions. The pore diffusion was the major limiting factor for the adsorption process, which was consistent with the BET results. The novel HD-06 resin can be a good potential adsorbent for the future SMB continuous separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Taotao Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangkang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China.
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Nguyen DD, Johnson SK, Clarke MW. Identification and Quantification of Dityrosine in Grain Proteins by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Lin X, Huang Q, Qi G, Shi S, Xiong L, Huang C, Chen X, Li H, Chen X. Estimation of fixed-bed column parameters and mathematical modeling of breakthrough behaviors for adsorption of levulinic acid from aqueous solution using SY-01 resin. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Saffarionpour S, Sevillano DM, Van der Wielen LA, Noordman TR, Brouwer E, Ottens M. Selective adsorption of flavor-active components on hydrophobic resins. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1476:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang P, Lin C, Zhuang W, Wen Q, Zou F, Zhou J, Wu J, Ying H. Insight into a direct solid–solid transformation: a potential approach for the removal of residual solvents. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple humidity process allows a direct solid–solid transformation from the solvate (methanol trihydrate of cAMPNa) to its hydrate form (pentahydrate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Yang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chenguang Lin
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Qingshi Wen
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Fengxia Zou
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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Mathematical modeling of the competitive sorption dynamics of acetone–butanol–ethanol on KA-I resin in a fixed-bed column. ADSORPTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-015-9659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tiwari R, H. Daware S, Kale SB. Catalytic metallodendrimers grafted on mesoporous polymethacrylate beads for the regioselective synthesis of β-amino alcohols under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallodendrimer-grafted mesoporous polymethyacrylate beads for the regioselective, solvent-free, efficient and scalable catalytic synthesis of β-amino alcohols at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwari
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Sachdeo H. Daware
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Sandeep B. Kale
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
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