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Beck J, Biechele M, Repik C, Gruber P, Furtmüller PG, Hahn R. Desorption of plasmid DNA from anion exchangers: Salt concentration at elution is independent of plasmid size and load. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200943. [PMID: 36807776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies on the sorption behavior of plasmids on anion exchangers are rare compared to proteins. In this study, we systematically compare the elution behavior of plasmid DNA on three common anion exchange resins using linear gradient and isocratic elution experiments. Two plasmids of different lengths, 8 and 20 kbp, were studied and their elution characteristics were compared to a green fluorescent protein. Using established methods for determining retention characteristics of biomolecules in ion exchange chromatography lead to remarkable results. In contrast to the green fluorescent protein, plasmid DNA consistently elutes at one characteristic salt concentration in linear gradient elution. This salt concentration was the same independent of plasmid size but differed slightly for different resins. The behavior is consistent also at preparative loadings of plasmid DNA. Thus, only a single linear gradient elution experiment is sufficient to design elution in a process scale capture step. At isocratic elution conditions, plasmid DNA elutes only above this characteristic concentration. Even at slightly lower concentrations most plasmids remain tightly bound. We hypothesize, that the desorption is accompanied by a conformational change leading to a reduced number of available negative charges for binding. This explanation is supported by structural analysis before and after elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Beck
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Biechele
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Repik
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Part of Takeda Companies, Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Petra Gruber
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Part of Takeda Companies, Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Two peak elution behavior of a monoclonal antibody in cation exchange chromatography as a screening tool for excipients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123563. [PMID: 36525885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins is a critical quality attribute and a major concern during the purification of therapeutic proteins, like monoclonal antibodies. In-solution experiments applying different stress scenarios, e.g., mechanical, or physical stresses, can determine the overall conformational stability of the protein to enhance drug product shelf-life. Several groups have reported surface-induced unfolding and aggregation of monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives during cation exchange chromatography, which results in a two-peak elution behavior of the protein and its species. We have investigated universal influencing factors, like temperature and hold time, on this phenomenon. The formation of the second peak is a kinetic process, which is strongly influenced by temperature during the hold time. However, our main focus was the application of excipients and their influence on the two-peak elution behavior. We compared the on-column screening results with results obtained through a "traditional" in-solution screening using nanoDSF. Mostly, stabilizing excipients, like Sucrose, show their stabilizing abilities in both systems, but some discrepancies, e.g., using Arginine, between the two orthogonal techniques show the potential of the on-column screening system to lead to unexpected results, which would not necessarily be visible in in-solution experiments.
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3
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Stange C, Sánchez-Reyes G, Graalfs H, Frech C. Influence of ligand density variations on the two peak elution behavior of a monoclonal antibody in cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463410. [PMID: 35994780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cation exchange chromatography, as part of the monoclonal antibody purification train, is known as a mild polishing technique. However, in the last couple of years, more and more publications have shown unusual elution behavior, resulting from e.g. on-column (reversible) unfolding and aggregation of the predominantly mAb molecules. The stability of the investigated protein seems to play a significant role in this phenomenon. We have used a glycosylated IgG1 antibody as a model protein and investigated several influencing factors, including pH value and ligand density variations of three prototype Fractogel® cation exchange resins. Ligand density, pH and salt concentration are the main contributing factors in the Donnan effect, i.e. distribution of ions, between resin pore volume and bulk volume. This leads to a significantly lower pH value the protein is subjected to during the on-column hold time and therefore influences the conformational stability of our protein. Nano-DSF and kinetic SEC measurements show that the protein is destabilized at low pH values, but also, that the binding to the CEX resin and the elution with increasing salt concentration is responsible for the resulting two-peak elution behavior and partially reversible unfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Stange
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Reyes
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heiner Graalfs
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
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4
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Mateljak Lukačević S, Kurtović T, Borić J, Halassy B. Roughness of Production Conditions: Does It Really Affect Stability of IgG-Based Antivenoms? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070483. [PMID: 35878221 PMCID: PMC9325249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antivenoms contain either pure animal IgGs or their fragments as an active substance, and are the only specific therapeutics against envenomation arising from snakebites. Although they are highly needed, the low sustainability of such preparations’ manufacture causes constant global shortages. One reason for this is the stability of the product, which contributes not only to the manufacture sustainability, but the product safety as well. It has been hypothesized that the roughness of conditions to which IgGs are exposed during downstream purification disturbs their conformation, making them prone to aggregation, particularly after exposure to secondary stress. The aim of this research was to investigate how the roughness of the downstream purification conditions influences the stability properties of purified IgGs. For this purpose, equine IgGs were extracted from unique hyperimmune plasma by two mild condition-based operational procedures (anion-exchange chromatography and caprylic acid precipitation) and three rougher ones (ammonium sulphate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography and protein A affinity chromatography). The stability of the refined preparations was studied under non-optimal storage conditions (37 °C, 42 °C, and a transiently lower pH) by monitoring changes in the aggregate content and thermal stability of the pure IgGs. Mild purification protocols generated IgG samples with a lower aggregate share in comparison to the rougher ones. Their tendency for further aggregation was significantly associated with the initial aggregate share. The thermal stability of IgG molecules and the aggregate content in refined samples were inversely correlated. Since the initial proportion of aggregates in the samples was influenced by the operating conditions, we have shown a strong indication that each of them also indirectly affected the stability of the final preparations. This suggests that mild condition-based refinement protocols indeed generate more stable IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Mateljak Lukačević
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (J.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (S.M.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Tihana Kurtović
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (J.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juraj Borić
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (J.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Beata Halassy
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (J.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Virus Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (S.M.L.); (B.H.)
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5
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Separation of charge variants of a monoclonal antibody by overloaded ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462607. [PMID: 34656842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for adjusting the content of charge variants of monoclonal antibody by ion exchange chromatography has been developed. The band splitting phenomenon was utilized to split the protein load into two parts, i.e., the flowthrough and bound fractions, which were either enriched or depleted with some of variants. The phenomenon was triggered by thermodynamic effects resulting from oversaturation of the resin binding sites at high column loadings as well as from kinetic effects arising from limited rates of mass transport. Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) and anion exchange chromatography (AEX) separations were examined, with the reverse order of the variant elution: acidic, main, basic in CEX, and basic, main, acidic in AEX, and the corresponding reverse enrichment tendency in the collected fractions. The separations were performed by pH gradient, whose course was simplified to two stages: isocratic loading and washing at mild pH to load and partly elute the protein, followed by a rapid pH change towards non-binding conditions to desorb the remains of the protein load. To improve yield of the operation, possibility of recycling of waste fractions was considered. To predict the process performance, a dynamic model was developed, which accounted for both adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.
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7
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Yu L, Sun Y. Recent advances in protein chromatography with polymer-grafted media. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461865. [PMID: 33453656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of using polymer-grafted media is effective to create protein chromatography of high capacity and uptake rate, giving rise to an excellent performance in high-throughput protein separation due to its high dynamic binding capacity. Taking the scientific development and technological innovation of protein chromatography as the objective, this review is devoted to an overview of polymer-grafted media reported in the last five years, including their fabrication routes, protein adsorption and chromatography, mechanisms behind the adsorption behaviors, limitations of polymer-grafted media and chromatographic operation strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on the elaboration and discussion on the behaviors of ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) with polymer-grafted media because IEC is the most suitable chromatographic mode for this kind of media. Recent advances in both the theoretical and experimental investigations on polymer-grafted media are discussed by focusing on their implications to the rational design of novel chromatographic media and mobile phase conditions for the development of high-performance protein chromatography. It is concluded that polymer-grafted media are suitable for development of IEC and mixed-mode chromatography with charged and low hydrophobic ligands, but not for hydrophobic interaction chromatography with high hydrophobic ligands and affinity chromatography with ligands that have single binding site on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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8
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Quality-Related Properties of Equine Immunoglobulins Purified by Different Approaches. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120798. [PMID: 33327454 PMCID: PMC7764988 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole IgG antivenoms are prepared from hyperimmune animal plasma by various refinement strategies. The ones most commonly used at industrial scale are precipitation by sodium or ammonium sulphate (ASP), and caprylic acid precipitation (CAP) of non-immunoglobulin proteins. The additional procedures, which have so far been used for experimental purposes only, are anion-exchange (AEX) and cation-exchange chromatography (CEX), as well as affinity chromatography (AC) using IgG’s Fc-binding ligands. These protocols extract the whole IgG fraction from plasma, which contains both venom-specific and therapeutically irrelevant antibodies. Such preparations represent a complex mixture of various IgG subclasses whose functional and/or structural properties, as well as relative distribution, might be affected differently, depending on employed purification procedure. The aim of this work was to compare the influence of aforementioned refinement strategies on the IgG subclass distribution, venom-specific protective efficacy, thermal stability, aggregate formation and retained impurity profile of the final products. A unique sample of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes specific hyperimmune horse plasma was used as a starting material, enabling direct comparison of five purification approaches. The highest purity was achieved by CAP and AC (above 90% in a single step), while the lowest aggregate content was present in samples from AEX processing. Albumin was the main contaminant in IgG preparations obtained by ASP and CEX, while transferrin dominantly contaminated IgG sample from AEX processing. Alpha-1B-glycoprotein was present in CAP IgG fraction, as well as in those from ASP- and AEX-based procedures. AC approach induced the highest loss of IgG(T) subclass. CEX and AEX showed the same tendency, while CAP and ASP had almost no impact on subclass distribution. The shift in IgG subclass composition influenced the specific protective efficacy of the respective final preparation as measured in vivo. AC and CEX remarkably affected drug’s venom-neutralization activity, in contrary to the CAP procedure, that preserved protective efficacy of the IgG fraction. Presented data might improve the process of designing and establishing novel downstream processing strategies and give guidance for optimization of the current ones by providing information on potency-protecting and purity-increasing properties of each purification principle.
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Stańczak A, Baran K, Antos D. A high-throughput method for fast detecting unfolding of monoclonal antibodies on cation exchange resins. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Poplewska I, Piątkowski W, Antos D. A case study of the mechanism of unfolding and aggregation of a monoclonal antibody in ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461687. [PMID: 33246679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic model for describing unfolding of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in ion exchange chromatography has been developed. The model reproduced retention behavior characteristic for conformational changes of antibodies upon adsorption, including: multi-peak elution, aggregate formation, and recovery reduction. Two competitive paths in the adsorption mechanism of the unfolded protein were assumed: refolding in the adsorbed phase to the native form followed by its desorption, or direct desorption followed by instantaneous aggregation in the liquid phase. The reduction in recovery of the eluted protein was attributed to spreading of the unfolded protein on the adsorbent surface, which enhanced the binding affinity. The model was formulated based on the analysis of retention behavior of a model mAb that was eluted in pH gradients on a strong cation exchange resin. The pH profile was found to be distorted in the presence of the protein, which was ascribed to dissociation of ionizable groups of the protein in the adsorbed phase. Since the protein retention was strongly pH dependent, that phenomenon was also accounted for in mathematical modeling. A series of independent experiments was designed to evaluate the model parameters that quantified the process thermodynamics and kinetics: the Henry constants of the native, unfolded, spread and aggregated forms of the protein along with underlying kinetic coefficients. The model was efficient in reproducing the retention pattern of the protein and the aggregate content in eluting band profiles. After proper calibration, the model can potentially be used to quantify protein unfolding and elution in other ion exchange systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Poplewska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy Ave. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
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11
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Huang C, Wang Y, Xu X, Mills J, Jin W, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Hydrophobic property of cation-exchange resins affects monoclonal antibody aggregation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Kumar V, Lenhoff AM. Mechanistic Modeling of Preparative Column Chromatography for Biotherapeutics. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:235-255. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-125430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography has long been, and remains, the workhorse of downstream processing in the production of biopharmaceuticals. As bioprocessing has matured, there has been a growing trend toward seeking a detailed fundamental understanding of the relevant unit operations, which for some operations include the use of mechanistic modeling in a way similar to its use in the conventional chemical process industries. Mechanistic models of chromatography have been developed for almost a century, but although the essential features are generally understood, the specialization of such models to biopharmaceutical processing includes several areas that require further elucidation. This review outlines the overall approaches used in such modeling and emphasizes current needs, specifically in the context of typical uses of such models; these include selection and improvement of isotherm models and methods to estimate isotherm and transport parameters independently. Further insights are likely to be aided by molecular-level modeling, as well as by the copious amounts of empirical data available for existing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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13
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Dynamics of competitive binding and separation of monoclonal antibody monomer-dimer mixtures in ceramic hydroxyapatite columns. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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A generic method for intact and subunit level characterization of mAb charge variants by native mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1133:121814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Chromatographic behavior of bivalent bispecific antibodies on cation exchange columns. II. Biomolecular perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:133-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Kurtović T, Lang Balija M, Brgles M, Sviben D, Tunjić M, Cajner H, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Allmaier G, Halassy B. Refinement strategy for antivenom preparation of high yield and quality. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007431. [PMID: 31206512 PMCID: PMC6597126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivenoms from hyperimmune animal plasma are the only specific pharmaceuticals against snakebites. The improvement of downstream processing strategies is of great interest, not only in terms of purity profile, but also from yield-to-cost perspective and rational use of plasma of animal origin. We report on development of an efficient refinement strategy for F(ab')2-based antivenom preparation. Process design was driven by the imperative to keep the active principle constantly in solution as a precautionary measure to preserve stability of its conformation (precipitation of active principle or its adsorption to chromatographic stationary phase has been completely avoided). IgG was extracted from hyperimmune horse plasma by 2% (V/V) caprylic acid, depleted from traces of precipitating agent and digested by pepsin. Balance between incomplete IgG fraction breakdown, F(ab')2 over-digestion and loss of the active principle's protective efficacy was achieved by adjusting pepsin to substrate ratio at the value of 4:300 (w/w), setting pH to 3.2 and incubation period to 1.5 h. Final polishing was accomplished by a combination of diafiltration and flow-through chromatography. Developed manufacturing strategy gave 100% pure and aggregate-free F(ab')2 preparation, as shown by size-exclusion HPLC and confirmed by MS/MS. The overall yield of 75% or higher compares favorably to others so far reported. This optimised procedure looks also promising for large-scale production of therapeutic antivenoms, since high yield of the active drug and fulfillment of the regulatory demand considering purity was achieved. The recovery of the active substance was precisely determined in each purification step enabling accurate estimation of the process cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Kurtović
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Lang Balija
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Brgles
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Sviben
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Tunjić
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Cajner
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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18
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Farys M, Gibson D, Lewis AP, Lewis W, Kucia-Tran R. Isotype dependent on-column non-reversible aggregation of monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1279-1287. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Farys
- Biopharm Process Development; GlaxoSmithKline; GSK Medicine Research Centre; Stevenage United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Gibson
- Biopharm Process Development; GlaxoSmithKline; GSK Medicine Research Centre; Stevenage United Kingdom
| | - Alan P. Lewis
- Biopharm Process Development; GlaxoSmithKline; GSK Medicine Research Centre; Stevenage United Kingdom
| | - Will Lewis
- Biopharm Process Development; GlaxoSmithKline; GSK Medicine Research Centre; Stevenage United Kingdom
| | - Richard Kucia-Tran
- Biopharm Process Development; GlaxoSmithKline; GSK Medicine Research Centre; Stevenage United Kingdom
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19
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Srinivasan K, Sorci M, Sejergaard L, Ranjan S, Belfort G, Cramer SM. Protein Binding Kinetics in Multimodal Systems: Implications for Protein Separations. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2609-2617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Srinivasan
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Mirco Sorci
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lars Sejergaard
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Swarnim Ranjan
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Georges Belfort
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Diedrich J, Heymann W, Leweke S, Hunt S, Todd R, Kunert C, Johnson W, von Lieres E. Multi-state steric mass action model and case study on complex high loading behavior of mAb on ion exchange tentacle resin. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1525:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Muca R, Marek W, Żurawski M, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Effect of mass overloading on binding and elution of unstable proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guo J, Creasy AD, Barker G, Carta G. Surface induced three-peak elution behavior of a monoclonal antibody during cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1474:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen Z, Huang C, Chennamsetty N, Xu X, Li ZJ. Insights in understanding aggregate formation and dissociation in cation exchange chromatography for a structurally unstable Fc-fusion protein. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:110-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Microscopic insight into role of protein flexibility during ion exchange chromatography by nuclear magnetic resonance and quartz crystal microbalance approaches. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1438:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Double-peak elution profile of a monoclonal antibody in cation exchange chromatography is caused by histidine-protonation-based charge variants. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1424:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zydney AL. Continuous downstream processing for high value biological products: A Review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:465-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
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Gagnon P, Nian R, Yang Y, Yang Q, Lim CL. Non-immunospecific association of immunoglobulin G with chromatin during elution from protein A inflates host contamination, aggregate content, and antibody loss. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gagnon P, Nian R, Leong D, Hoi A. Transient conformational modification of immunoglobulin G during purification by protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1395:136-42. [PMID: 25882588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of three native IgG1 monoclonal antibodies to 100mM acetate, pH 3.5 had no significant effect on their hydrodynamic size (11.5±0.5nm), while elution from protein A with the same buffer created a conformation of 5.5±1.0nm. Formation of the reduced-size conformation was preceded by the known destabilization of the second constant domain of the heavy chain (Cγ2) by contact with protein A, then compounded by exposure to low pH, creating extended flexibility in the hinge-Cγ2 region and allowing the Fab region to fold over the Fc region. The reduced-size conformation was necessary for complete elution. It persisted unchanged for at least 7 days under elution conditions. Physiological conditions restored native size, and it was maintained on re-exposure to 100mM acetate, pH 3.5. Protein A-mediated destabilization and subsequent restoration of native size did not create aggregates, but the reduced-size conformation was more susceptible to aggregation by secondary stress than native antibody. Protein A-mediated formation of the reduced-size conformation is probably universal during purification of human IgG1 antibodies, and may occur with other subclasses and IgG from other species, as well as Fc-fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Gagnon
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
| | - Rui Nian
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Denise Leong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Aina Hoi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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Guo J, Carta G. Unfolding and aggregation of monoclonal antibodies on cation exchange columns: Effects of resin type, load buffer, and protein stability. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:184-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yu L, Zhang L, Sun Y. Protein behavior at surfaces: Orientation, conformational transitions and transport. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
F. Pirrone
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Roxana E. Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
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