1
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Chromatographic supports for enantioselective liquid chromatography: Evolution and innovative trends. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Guo Y. A Survey of Polar Stationary Phases for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography and Recent Progress in Understanding Retention and Selectivity. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5332. [PMID: 35001408 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various polar stationary phases have become available for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and help drive continuous applications in biomedical, environmental and pharmaceutical areas in the past decade. Although the stationary phases for HILIC have been reviewed previously, it is an appropriate time to take another look at the progresses during the past five years. The current review provides an overview of the polar stationary phases commercially available for HILIC applications in an effort to assist scientists in selecting suitable columns. New types of stationary phase that were published in literature in the past five years are summarized and discussed. The trend in stationary phase research and development is also highlighted. Of particular interest is the experimental evidence for direct interactions of polar analytes with the ligands of the stationary phases under HILIC conditions. In addition, two different approaches have been developed to delineate the relative significance of the partitioning and adsorption mechanisms in HILIC, representing an important advancement in our understanding of the retention mechanisms in HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Nardini GS, Dolzan MD, Micke GA, Vitali L. A new high-throughput method based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine 18 short-chain carboxylic acids in foods. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Berkecz R, Németi G, Péter A, Ilisz I. Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparations Utilizing Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Crown Ethers and Cyclofructans. Molecules 2021; 26:4648. [PMID: 34361801 PMCID: PMC8348247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds can exist in different forms, where molecules possessing chirality play an essential role in living organisms. Currently, one of the most important tasks of modern analytical chemistry is the enantioseparation of chiral compounds, in particular, the enantiomers of compounds having biological and/or pharmaceutical activity. Whether the task is to analyze environmental or food samples or to develop an assay for drug control, well-reproducible, highly sensitive, stereoselective, and robust methods are required. High-performance liquid chromatography best meets these conditions. Nevertheless, in many cases, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis can also offer a suitable solution. Amino acids, proteins, cyclodextrins, derivatized polysaccharides, macrocyclic glycopeptides, and ion exchangers can serve as efficient selectors in liquid chromatography, and they are quite frequently applied and reviewed. Crown ethers and cyclofructans possessing similar structural characteristics and selectivity in the enantiodiscrimination of different amine compounds are discussed less frequently. This review collects information on enantioseparations achieved recently with the use of chiral stationary phases based on crown ethers or cyclofructans, focusing on liquid chromatographic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - István Ilisz
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.B.); (G.N.); (A.P.)
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5
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Yu J, Wey M, Firooz SK, Armstrong DW. Ionizable Cyclofructan 6-Based Stationary Phases for Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Using Superficially Porous Particles. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Development and validation of a fast HPLC method for methyldopa enantiomers using superficially porous particle based macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phase. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Preparation of Silica-Based Superficially Porous Silica and its Application in Enantiomer Separations: a Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Application of chiral chromatography in radiopharmaceutical fields: A review. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461611. [PMID: 33086153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral column chromatography (CCC) is a revolutionary analytical methodology for the enantioseparation of novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in the primary stages of drug development. Due to the different behaviors of tracer enantiomers (e.g. toxicity, metabolism and side effects) in administrated subjects, their separation and purification is a challenging endeavor. Over the last three decades, different commercial chiral columns have been applied for the enantioseparation of PET-radioligand (PET-RL) or radiotracers (PET-RT), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The categorization and reviewing of them is a vital topic. This review presents a brief overview of advances, applications, and future prospectives of CCC in radiopharmaceutical approaches. In addition, the effective chromatographic parameters and degravitation trends to enhance enantioseparation resolution are addressed. Moreover, the application and potential of chiral super fluidical chromatography (CSFC) as an alternative for enantioseparation in the field of radiopharmaceutical is discussed. Finally, the crucial application challenges of CCC are explained and imminent tasks are suggested.
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9
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Mazzoccanti G, Manetto S, Ricci A, Cabri W, Orlandin A, Catani M, Felletti S, Cavazzini A, Ye M, Ritchie H, Villani C, Gasparrini F. High-throughput enantioseparation of Nα-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl proteinogenic amino acids through fast chiral chromatography on zwitterionic-teicoplanin stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461235. [PMID: 32540075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 31 racemates of Nα-FMOC (fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) amino acids (AAs) with different chemico-physical characteristics (neutral nonpolar, neutral polar, acidic and basic) have been successfully resolved in fast enantioselective chromatography on recently-developed zwitterionic-teicoplanin chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The CSPs were prepared by covalently bonding the teicoplanin selector on fully-porous particles of narrow dispersion particle-size distribution (particle diameter 1.9 µm) and superficially-porous particles (2.0 µm). Both the zwitterionic-teicoplanin CSPs have proved to be ideal media for the separation of this important class of compounds. In particular, the zwitterionic CSP prepared on superficially-porous particles exhibited superior enantioselectivity and resolution, compared to that made of fully porous particles, in virtue of more favorable thermodynamics. The zwitterionic nature of these CSPs allowed avoiding the annoying effect of Donnan's exclusion of enantiomers from the stationary phase. This effect, on the opposite, was frequently observed on a commercial teicoplanin CSP (Teicoshell) employed for comparative purposes. Noticeably, on the zwitterionic-teicoplanin CSPs, by using either acetonitrile- or methanol-rich mobile phases (MPs), it was possible to favor speed over enantioresolution and vice versa. This work gives further replies to the request for rapid determination of enantiomeric excess of Nα-FMOC proteinogenic (and non-proteinogenic) AAs, typically used as preferred chiral synthons in the solid-phase synthesis of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Manetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063, Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI), Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063, Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI), Italy; Department of Chemistry, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Selmi2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Orlandin
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063, Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI), Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micheal Ye
- Sigma-Aldrich/ Supelco, 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, PA, 16823, United States
| | - Harald Ritchie
- AMT Advanced Materials Technologies Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Chankvetadze B. Recent trends in preparation, investigation and application of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Burgos-Gil R, Peris-García E, Ruiz-Angel M, Baeza-Baeza J, García-Alvarez-Coque M. Protocol to compare column performance applied to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Cyclofructans are cyclic oligosaccharides made of β-2,1-linked fructofuranose units. They have been utilized as chiral selectors, usually after derivatization, with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The focus herein will be directed to their development and applications as chiral selectors in various chiral separation techniques. Discussion of their use in hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC) will be limited. Their use in liquid chromatography, especially their improvements with the use of superficially porous particles (SPPs) will be emphasized. Method parameters and future directions are also discussed.
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13
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Felletti S, De Luca C, Ismail OH, Pasti L, Costa V, Gasparrini F, Cavazzini A, Catani M. On the effect of chiral selector loading and mobile phase composition on adsorption properties of latest generation fully- and superficially-porous Whelk-O1 particles for high-efficient ultrafast enantioseparations. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1579:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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D’Atri V, Fekete S, Clarke A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:210-239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD), Basel, CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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15
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Ferreira CDC, Gama MR, da Silva GS, Almeida WP, Collins CH, Jardim ICSF. Synthesis and evaluation of a pentafluorobenzamide stationary phase for HPLC separations in the reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction modes. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3855-3862. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Khundadze N, Pantsulaia S, Fanali C, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. On our way to sub-second separations of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:37-43. [PMID: 30139619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study our preliminary attempt for obtaining fast and highly efficient separations of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography with slightly modified state-of-the-art commercial instrumentation is described. In order to reach this goal after careful selection of chiral analytes, the preparation of chiral stationary phase (CSP), mobile phase composition and column dimensions were optimized. The concept of segmented chiral-achiral column was introduced. As the result of these optimizations baseline separation of enantiomers was achieved with the analysis time between 1-2 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Khundadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave. 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Salome Pantsulaia
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave. 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Tivadar Farkas
- Phenomenex Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, 90501 CA, USA
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave. 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia.
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17
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Bezhitashvili L, Bardavelidze A, Mskhiladze A, Gumustas M, Ozkan SA, Volonterio A, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. Application of cellulose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate covalently immobilized on superficially porous silica for the separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:132-139. [PMID: 30098733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies have demonstrated the applicability of polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in combination with superficially porous (or core-shell) silica (SPS) particles for the preparation of highly efficient chiral stationary phases (CSP). In earlier studies, CSPs were prepared by coating (adsorption) of the chiral selector onto the surface of silica. In this study we report for the first time the CSP obtained by covalent immobilization of a chiral selector onto the surface of SPS particles. The applicability of this CSP for the separation of enantiomers in pure methanol and acetonitrile, as well as in n-hexane/2-propanol mobile phases is shown. The effect of the injected sample amount, mobile phase flow rate and detection frequency on separation performance were studied, as well as high efficiency separation of enantiomers with the analysis time less than 30 s was attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Bezhitashvili
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Anna Bardavelidze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Antonina Mskhiladze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Healthcare, Sokhumi State University, Polytkovskaya 9, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Ankara University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Anadolu Ave, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Anadolu Ave, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7-20131, Milano, Italy; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Tivadar Farkas
- Phenomenex Inc., 411 Madrid Ave., Torrance, 90501 CA, USA
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia.
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18
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19
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Blanchard E, Nonell A, Chartier F, Rincel A, Bresson C. Evaluation of superficially and fully porous particles for HILIC separation of lanthanide-polyaminocarboxylic species and simultaneous coupling to ESIMS and ICPMS. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24760-24772. [PMID: 35542138 PMCID: PMC9082343 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02961j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, amide-bonded columns packed with fully porous particles (FPP) and superficially porous particles (SPP) were evaluated to separate lanthanide-polyaminocarboxylic species by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), using two model samples of interest in nuclear and other industrial applications. We assessed the gains achieved by reducing the dimensions of the columns along with the size of the FPPs to sub-2 μm and by using sub-3 μm SPP-packed columns. The FPP-packed Acquity column (100 × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μm) performed better than the SPP-packed Accucore column (150 × 2.1 mm; 2.6 μm), with a separation that was two times more efficient and three times shorter, while generating around 30% less in effluent volumes. This column was also coupled simultaneously to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The instrumental set-up was performed in a conventional laboratory, by taking into account the geometrical constraints existing in the laboratory dedicated to radioelement analysis. Furthermore, separation of the series of lanthanide (Ln) species was demonstrated for the first time thanks to the separation mode of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blanchard
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
- Sorbonne Universités F-75005 Paris France
| | - A Nonell
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
| | - F Chartier
- Den - Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - A Rincel
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
| | - C Bresson
- Den - Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS) - Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire, Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France +33 (0)169089475 +33 (0)169088348
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20
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Ciogli A, Ismail OH, Mazzoccanti G, Villani C, Gasparrini F. Enantioselective ultra high performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography: The race to the shortest chromatogram. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1307-1318. [PMID: 29319915 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing need for enantiomerically pure chiral compounds has greatly expanded the number of enantioselective separation methods available for the precise and accurate measurements of the enantiomeric purity. The introduction of chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography in the last decades has revolutionized the routine methods to determine enantiomeric purity of chiral drugs, agrochemicals, fragrances, and in general of organic and organometallic compounds. In recent years, additional efforts have been placed on faster, enantioselective analytical methods capable to fulfill the high throughput requirements of modern screening procedures. Efforts in this field, capitalizing on improved chromatographic particle technology and dedicated instrumentation, have led to highly efficient separations that are routinely completed on the seconds time scale. An overview of the recent achievements in the field of ultra-high-resolution chromatography on column packed with chiral stationary phases, both based on sub-2 μm fully porous and sub-3 μm superficially porous particles, will be given, with an emphasis on very recent studies on ultrafast chiral separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Omar H Ismail
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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21
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Catani M, Felletti S, Ismail OH, Gasparrini F, Pasti L, Marchetti N, De Luca C, Costa V, Cavazzini A. New frontiers and cutting edge applications in ultra high performance liquid chromatography through latest generation superficially porous particles with particular emphasis to the field of chiral separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2457-2465. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Ismail OH, Antonelli M, Ciogli A, Villani C, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Felletti S, Bell DS, Gasparrini F. Future perspectives in high efficient and ultrafast chiral liquid chromatography through zwitterionic teicoplanin-based 2-μm superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1520:91-102. [PMID: 28911942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of pushing forward the limits of high efficient and ultrafast chiral liquid chromatography, a new Chiral Stationary Phase (CSP) has been prepared by covalently bonding the teicoplanin selector on 2.0μm Superficially Porous Particles (SPPs). An already validated bonding protocol, which permits to achieve teicoplanin-based CSPs exhibiting zwitterionic behaviour, has been employed to prepare not only the 2.0μm version of the CSP but also two other analogous CSPs based, respectively, on 2.7μm SPPs and 1.9μm Fully Porous Particles (FPPs). The kinetic performance of these CSPs has been compared through the analysis of both van Deemter curves and kinetic plots by employing in-house packed columns of 4.6mm internal diameter and different lengths (20, 50 and 100mm). In particular on the columns packed with 2.0μm SPPs, extremely large efficiencies were observed for both achiral (>310,000 theoretical plates/meter, N/m; hr: 1.61) and chiral compounds (>290,000 N/m; hr: 1.72) in HILIC conditions. Thanks to their efficiency and enantioselectivity, these CSPs were successfully employed in ultrafast chiral separations. As an example, the enantiomers of haloxyfop were baseline resolved in about 3s, with a resolution higher than 2.0, (flow rate: 8mL/min) on a 2cm long column packed with the 2.0μm chiral SPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Ismail
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - David S Bell
- MilliporeSigma/Supelco, 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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23
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Rods-on-sphere silica particles for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1497:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Jandera P, Janás P. Recent advances in stationary phases and understanding of retention in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 967:12-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Column switching UHPLC–MS/MS with restricted access material for the determination of CNS drugs in plasma samples. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:555-568. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polypharmacy is a common practice in schizophrenia. Consequently, therapeutic drug monitoring is usually adopted to maintain the concentrations of the drugs in the plasma within a targeted therapeutic range, to maximize therapeutic efficiency and to diminish adverse side effects. Methodology: This study reports on a column switching UHPLC–MS/MS method to determine psychotropic drugs in plasma samples simultaneously. Results: The method was linear from 0.025 to 1.25 ng ml-1 with R2 above 0.9950 and the lack of fit test (p > 0.05). The precision values presented coefficients of variation lower than 12%, and the relative standard error of the accuracy were lower than 14%. Conclusion: The column switching UHPLC–MS/MS method developed herein successfully determined drugs in schizophrenic patients’ plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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26
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Separation of peptides on superficially porous particle based macrocyclic glycopeptide liquid chromatography stationary phases: consideration of fast separations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2437-2447. [PMID: 28215026 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic glycopeptide based liquid chromatography stationary phases are known for their highly selective peptide separations. Fast and ultrafast (t R < 1 min) high-efficiency separations were achieved with superficially porous particle (SPP)-based stationary phases. Separations of pharmaceutically important classes of peptides such as enkephalins and bradykinins have been achieved in less than 5 min in isocratic elution modes. Selectivity for peptides structurally similar to one another was increased with use of teicoplanin-based stationary phases compared with commercial C18 stationary phases. Ultrafast isocratic separations of structurally related peptides were achieved with teicoplanin- and vancomycin-based short SPP columns. Acidic mobile phases produced better separations. Ammonium formate was the optimal mobile phase buffer additive. Use of an appropriate combination of a macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phase and a mobile phase permits faster and more electrospray ionization mass spectrometry compatible isocratic separations than previous gradient approaches. The tryptic peptide separation characteristics of the teicoplanin stationary phase are demonstrated. Additionally, compared with commercial C18 stationary phases, teicoplanin showed tryptic peptide separations with different selectivities. Graphical Abstract Ultrafast separation of enkephalin peptide epimers.
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27
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Catani M, Ismail OH, Gasparrini F, Antonelli M, Pasti L, Marchetti N, Felletti S, Cavazzini A. Recent advancements and future directions of superficially porous chiral stationary phases for ultrafast high-performance enantioseparations. Analyst 2017; 142:555-566. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the use of superficially porous particles (SPPs) as chiral stationary phases for ultra-high performance liquid enantioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catani
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Omar H. Ismail
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology
- “Sapienza” Università di Roma
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology
- “Sapienza” Università di Roma
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology
- “Sapienza” Università di Roma
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dept. of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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28
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Effect of pore-size optimization on the performance of polysaccharide-based superficially porous chiral stationary phases for the separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1482:32-38. [PMID: 28049582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies on the preparation of chiral stationary phases (CSP) based on superficially porous (or core-shell) silica (SPS) particles for the separation of enantiomers in HPLC have provided proof to the advantages of such sorbents. In particular, higher enantioselectivity was observed with the columns packed with superficially porous CSP compared to the columns packed with fully-porous (FP) silica-based CSPs at comparable content of chiral selector (polysaccharide derivative) in CSP. Also, less dependence of plate height on mobile phase flow rate and higher plate numbers and resolution calculated per unit time (i.e. speed of separation) were observed with SPS-based CSPs. Thirty years of CSP development have demonstrated that wide-pore silica has to be used as a support for large molecular weight chiral selectors such as the ones based on polysaccharides. In this study the effect of pore size of the core-shell silica support and of other experimental factors on column performance is demonstrated. Reduced plate heights in the range 1.4-1.5 were obtained, as well as highly effective baseline separations of enantiomers were observed with analysis times of less than 15s.
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29
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Frink LA, Berthod A, Xu QL, Gao H, Kurti L, Armstrong DW. Separation of 2-naphthol atropisomers on cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1234395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian A. Frink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Alain Berthod
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laszló Kurti
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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30
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Further proof to the utility of polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in combination with superficially porous silica particles as effective chiral stationary phases for separation of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:163-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Patel DC, Wahab MF, Armstrong DW, Breitbach ZS. Advances in high-throughput and high-efficiency chiral liquid chromatographic separations. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:2-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Ismail OH, Pasti L, Ciogli A, Villani C, Kocergin J, Anderson S, Gasparrini F, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Pirkle-type chiral stationary phase on core–shell and fully porous particles: Are superficially porous particles always the better choice toward ultrafast high-performance enantioseparations? J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Qiao L, Shi X, Xu G. Recent advances in development and characterization of stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Wimalasinghe RM, Weatherly CA, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW. Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin bonded superficially porous particle-based HILIC stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1187628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasangi M. Wimalasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Choyce A. Weatherly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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35
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Spudeit DA, Breitbach ZS, Dolzan MD, Micke GA, Armstrong DW. Superficially Porous Particle Based Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Stationary Phase for High-Efficiency Enantiomeric Separations. Chirality 2015; 27:788-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Spudeit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
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36
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Ultra-High Performance Method on Superficially Porous Stationary Phase for the Determination of Related Substances in Pitavastatin Calcium by HPLC. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Patel DC, Breitbach ZS, Wahab MF, Barhate CL, Armstrong DW. Gone in seconds: praxis, performance, and peculiarities of ultrafast chiral liquid chromatography with superficially porous particles. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9137-48. [PMID: 25945416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A variety of brush-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were developed using superficially porous particles (SPPs). Given their high efficiencies and relatively low back pressures, columns containing these particles were particularly advantageous for ultrafast "chiral" separations in the 4-40 s range. Further, they were used in all mobile phase modes and with high flow rates and pressures to separate over 60 pairs of enantiomers. When operating under these conditions, both instrumentation and column packing must be modified or optimized so as not to limit separation performance and quality. Further, frictional heating results in axial thermal gradients of up to 16 °C and radial temperature gradients up to 8 °C, which can produce interesting secondary effects in enantiomeric separations. It is shown that the kinetic behavior of various CSPs can differ from one another as much as they differ from the well-studied C18 reversed phase media. Three additional interesting aspects of this work are (a) the first kinetic evidence of two different chiral recognition mechanisms, (b) a demonstration of increased efficiencies at higher flow rates for specific separations, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan C Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Chandan L Barhate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States.,AZYP LLC , 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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