1
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Grafting diethylaminoethyl dextran to macroporous cellulose microspheres: A protein anion exchanger of high capacity and fast uptake rate. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Emerging affinity ligands and support materials for the enrichment of monoclonal antibodies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Gao S, Rojas-Vega F, Rocha-Martin J, Guisán JM. Oriented immobilization of antibodies through different surface regions containing amino groups: Selective immobilization through the bottom of the Fc region. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:19-28. [PMID: 33607135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Amino groups on the antibody surface (amino terminus and Lys) are very interesting conjugation targets due to their substantial quantities and selectivity toward various reactive groups. Oriented immobilization of antibodies via amino moieties on the Fc region instead of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) is highly appreciated to conserve antigen-binding capacity. In this paper, targeting amino moieties on distinct regions, three antibody immobilization strategies were compared with the recognition ability of corresponding adsorbents. Our results demonstrate that oriented immobilization of antibodies onto heterofunctional chelate-epoxy support selectively involving Lys residues placed at the bottom of the Fc region, thus preserved the highest antigen recognition capacity (over 75% functionality). For homofunctional aldehyde support, immobilization at pH 10 demonstrates 50% remaining functionality due to the random orientation of tethered antibodies; while only 10% functionality remained when N-terminus were specifically conjugated at pH 8.5. With the rationalization of moieties density onto heterofunctional support, 2-fold recognition capacity was exhibited over randomly immobilization for antigens with higher size (β-galactosidase, 425 kDa vs. horseradish peroxidase, 40 kDa). Meanwhile, at least 97% of antigens with a varied concentration in diluted human serum were efficiently captured by the optimized chelate-epoxy support. Therefore, our antibody immobilization protocol proved the potential to be utilized as a promising candidate to capture voluminous antigens (large proteins and cells) in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gao
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rojas-Vega
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Yu L, Sun Y. Recent advances in protein chromatography with polymer-grafted media. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461865. [PMID: 33453656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of using polymer-grafted media is effective to create protein chromatography of high capacity and uptake rate, giving rise to an excellent performance in high-throughput protein separation due to its high dynamic binding capacity. Taking the scientific development and technological innovation of protein chromatography as the objective, this review is devoted to an overview of polymer-grafted media reported in the last five years, including their fabrication routes, protein adsorption and chromatography, mechanisms behind the adsorption behaviors, limitations of polymer-grafted media and chromatographic operation strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on the elaboration and discussion on the behaviors of ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) with polymer-grafted media because IEC is the most suitable chromatographic mode for this kind of media. Recent advances in both the theoretical and experimental investigations on polymer-grafted media are discussed by focusing on their implications to the rational design of novel chromatographic media and mobile phase conditions for the development of high-performance protein chromatography. It is concluded that polymer-grafted media are suitable for development of IEC and mixed-mode chromatography with charged and low hydrophobic ligands, but not for hydrophobic interaction chromatography with high hydrophobic ligands and affinity chromatography with ligands that have single binding site on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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5
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Li X, Sun Y, Dong X. Implications from γ-globulin adsorption onto cation exchangers fabricated by sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Li X, Liu Y, Sun Y. Development of poly(methacrylate)-grafted Sepharose FF for cation-exchange chromatography of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Lei Y, Liu X, Lu L, Liu C, Xu R, Huang S, Shen Y, Deng C, Yu J, Zhang T, Crommen J, Wang Q, Jiang Z. Rapid preparation of 1-vinylimidazole based non-affinity polymers for the highly-selective purification of antibodies from multiple biological sources. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461607. [PMID: 33080535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing advanced purification techniques with the merits of low cost and satisfactory capacity in order to meet the challenges in the current downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Herein, a simple and inexpensive nitrogen heterocycle molecule, 1-vinylimidazole (VIM), was proposed as the capture ligand of antibodies for the first time. The corresponding VIM-based non-affinity polymeric material (polyVIM) was then fabricated via a one-step polymerization for use in the highly selective purification of antibodies. Compared to the previously reported materials, this novel material exhibited many advantages without clearly sacrificing selectivity, such as a simpler and faster fabrication (within 1.5 h), comparable or even higher binding capacity (saturated static adsorption capacity > 190 mg/g polymer, dynamic binding capacity about 31.62 mg/g polymer), lower non-specific protein adsorption, and much lower cost. Notably, the polyVIM can effectively purify the antibodies from multiple biological sources with high purity (95.4% for mAbs in the cell culture medium, 93.3% for hIgG in the human serum), with an acceptable recovery (91.6% for mAbs, 77.0% for hIgG), and good reusability (> 10 times). Moreover, the target ELISA binding assay and NFAT-luc reporter gene assay demonstrated that the enriched antibodies can well maintain their binding activity and bioactivity during the whole purification process. The excellent performance of the polyVIM material may be attributed to the high recognition ability of VIM for antibodies, as well as the biocompatible and antifouling properties of the porous polymer. This study provides a promising alternative material for the purification of mAbs in downstream processes and the enrichment of hIgG in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Jinchen Yu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, University of Liege, CHU B36, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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Li M, Zhang Q, Lin D, Yao S. Development and application of hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography for bioseparation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1134-1135:121850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide)-grafted Sepharose FF: A new anion exchanger of very high capacity and uptake rate for protein chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:187-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Li M, Wu Y, Liu Y, Sun Y. Protein adsorption to poly(allylamine)-modified Sepharose FF: Influences of polymer size and partial charge neutralization. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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12
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Ma N, Yao D, Yang H, Yin J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Meng J. Surface Modification of Cellulose Membranes To Prepare a High-Capacity Membrane Adsorber for Monoclonal Antibody Purification via Hydrophobic Charge-Induction Chromatography. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dongxue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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13
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Characterization of dextran-grafted hydrophobic charge-induction resins: Structural properties, protein adsorption and transport. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Preparation and evaluation of mixed-mode resins with tryptophan analogues as functional ligands for human serum albumin separation. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Xue A, Yu L, Sun Y. Implications from protein uptake kinetics onto dextran-grafted Sepharose FF coupled with ion exchange and affinity ligands. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Zhang K, Li Q, Fan H, Li S, Su Y, Zhao L, Huang Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Su Z, Ma G. Multi-layer dextran-decorated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-co-divinyl benzene copolymer matrices enabling efficient protein chromatographic separation. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Shi W, Gao D, Yao SJ, Lin DQ. Integration of Expanded Bed Adsorption and Hydrophobic Charge-Induction Chromatography for Monoclonal Antibody Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College
of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318001, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular
Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Separation
Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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18
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Evaluation of magnetic particles modified with a hydrophobic charge-induction ligand for antibody capture. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Liu T, Lin DQ, Wang CX, Yao SJ. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-grafted hydrophobic charge-induction agarose resins with 5-aminobenzimidazole as a functional ligand. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3130-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Cun-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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20
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Yu L, Gong L, Bai S, Sun Y. Surface DEAE groups facilitate protein transport on polymer chains in DEAE-modified-and-DEAE-dextran-grafted resins. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linling Yu
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Lingli Gong
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Shu Bai
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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21
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Wang CX, Lin DQ, Liu T, Yao SJ. Hydrophobic charge-induction chromatographic resin with 5-aminobenzimidazol ligand: Effects of ligand density on protein adsorption. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1175477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Wu QC, Lin DQ, Shi W, Zhang QL, Yao SJ. A mixed-mode resin with tryptamine ligand for human serum albumin separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:145-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Yan J, Zhang QL, Tong HF, Lin DQ, Yao SJ. Hydrophobic charge-induction resin with 5-aminobenzimidazol as the functional ligand: preparation, protein adsorption and immunoglobulin G purification. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2387-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Hong-Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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24
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Liu T, Lin DQ, Zhang QL, Yao SJ. Characterization of immunoglobulin adsorption on dextran-grafted hydrophobic charge-induction resins: Cross-effects of ligand density and pH/salt concentration. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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