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Chen W, Hu J, Chen J, Guo Y, Hong Y, Xia H. Spatio-temporal analysis of toxigenic genes expression in the growing Bufo gargarizans based on RNA sequencing data. Genomics 2024; 116:110847. [PMID: 38685287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bufo gargarizans Cantor, a widely distributed amphibian species in Asia, produces and releases toxins through its retroauricular and granular glands. Although various tissues have been sequenced, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxin production remain unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, abdominal skin (non-toxic secretory glands) and retroauricular gland (toxic secreting glands) samples were collected at different time points (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and analysis. RESULTS In comparison to the S group during the same period, a total of 3053, 3026, 1516, 1028, and 2061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across five developmental stages. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily enriched in biological processes including cellular processes, single-organism processes, metabolic processes, and biological regulation. In terms of cellular components, the DEGs were predominantly localized in the cell and cell parts, whereas molecular function indicated significant enrichment in binding and catalytic activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the metabolism and synthesis of various substances, such as lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis, were accompanied by the development of toads. Additionally, using trend analysis, we discovered candidate genes that were upregulated in the retroauricular glands during development, and the abundance of these genes in the abdominal skin was extremely low. Finally, we identified 26 genes that are likely to be involved in toxin production and that are likely to be involved in toxin anabolism. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide new insights into the genes involved in toxin production in B. gargarizans, which will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying toxigenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jinghong Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yongjian Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Houkai Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Kang Yuan Tang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Park J, Ngo TH, Paudel SB, Kil YS, Ryoo GH, Jin CH, Choi HI, Jung CH, Na M, Nam JW, Han AR. Angular dihydropyranocoumarins from the flowers of Peucedanum japonicum and their aldo-keto reductase inhibitory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 219:113974. [PMID: 38211847 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Twenty-one angular dihydropyranocoumarins and a linear furanocoumarin, including four previously undescribed compounds (1-4), were isolated from the flowers of Peucedanum japonicum (Umbelliferae). The structures of 1-4, along with their absolute stereochemistry, were determined to be (3'S,4'S)-3'-O-propanoyl-4'-O-(3‴-methyl-2‴-butenoyl)khellactone (1), (3'S,4'S)-3'-O-propanoyl-4'-O-(2‴-methyl-2‴Z-butenoyl)khellactone (2), (3'S,4'S)-3'-O-propanoyl-4'-O-(2‴-methylbutanoyl)khellactone (3), and (3'S,4'S)-3'-O-(2″-methylpropanoyl)-4'-O-(3‴-methyl-2‴-butenoyl)khellactone (4) using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, the absolute configuration of the three angular dihydropyranocoumarins (5-7) was determined for the first time in this study. Among the previously reported compounds isolated in this study, 8 and 9 were isolated for the first time from the genus Peucedanum, whereas 10 and 11 were previously unreported and had not been isolated from P. japonicum to date. Furthermore, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their aldo-keto reductase 1C1 inhibitory activities on A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Compounds 10 and 12 exhibited substantial AKR1C1 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 35.8 ± 0.9 and 44.2 ± 1.5 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Trung Huy Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Babu Paudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Ryoo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Enhancing the compatibility of normal-phase chromatography x reversed-phase chromatography by combination of low-temperature sensitive aqueous-phase compatible normal- phase chromatography and at-column dilution modulation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463821. [PMID: 36724722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nearly opposite retention mechanism in the two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), which combines normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), shows extremely high orthogonality and theoretical peak capacity. However, peak breakthrough and peak distortion caused by the highly incompatible 2D mobile phases counteracts the advantages offered by high orthogonality. To address this difficulty, this study proposes a comprehensive two-dimensional NPLC × RPLC integrating temperature-sensitive aqueous-phase compatible normal-phase chromatography (TSACNPLC) and at-column dilution modulation (ACDM). The proposed 2D-LC system uses an aqueous-miscible acetonitrile/methanol eluent in the 1st D NPLC, instead of an aqueous-phase immiscible eluent, such as n-hexane/methanol, to increase the miscibility with the RP mobile phase system. Additionally, the system exploits temperature-sensitive retention behavior to enhance the retention ability of aqueous-phase compatible NPLC. To verify the feasibility of the proposed 2D-LC, this study selected three multi-component samples with mid-to-low polarity, including ethoxylated (n ≈ 6) bisphenol A (BPA-6EO), ethoxylated (n ≈ 6) tristearylphenol (TSP-6EO), and safflower methanol extract. Next, the effectiveness of the constructed 2D-LC was systematically investigated, including low temperature-induced retention enhancement of NPLC, overcoming solvent incompatibility by ACDM, and optimization of 2 D separation conditions, was systematically investigated.
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Park J, Paudel SB, Jin CH, Lee G, Choi HI, Ryoo GH, Kil YS, Nam JW, Jung CH, Kim BR, Na MK, Han AR. Comparative Analysis of Coumarin Profiles in Different Parts of Peucedanum japonicum and Their Aldo-Keto Reductase Inhibitory Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:7391. [PMID: 36364218 PMCID: PMC9657185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Peucedanum japonicum (Umbelliferae) is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asian countries. The root of this plant is used in traditional medicine to treat colds and pain, whereas the young leaves are considered an edible vegetable. In this study, the differences in coumarin profiles for different parts of P. japonicum including the flowers, roots, leaves, and stems were compared using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight compounds were tentatively identified, including three compounds found in the genus Peucedanum for the first time. Principal component analysis using the data set of the measured mass values and intensities of the compounds exhibited distinct clustering of the flower, leaf, stem, and root samples. In addition, their anticancer activities were screened using an Aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1C1 assay on A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells and the flower extract inhibited AKR1C1 activity. Based on these results, seven compounds were selected as potential markers to distinguish between the flower part versus the root, stem, and leaf parts using an orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis. This study is the first to provide information on the comparison of coumarin profiles from different parts of P. japonicum as well as their AKR1C1 inhibitory activities. Taken together, the flowers of P. japonicum offer a new use related to the efficacy of overcoming anticancer drug resistance, and may be a promising source for the isolation of active lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sunil Babu Paudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
| | - Gileung Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Ryoo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Korea
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju-si 54810, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Natural Product Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Jeollanam-do, Mokpo-si 58762, Korea
| | - Min Kyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
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5
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Song C, Li X, Jia B, Liu L, Wei P, Manzoor MA, Wang F, Li BY, Wang G, Chen C, Han B. Comparative Transcriptomics Unveil the Crucial Genes Involved in Coumarin Biosynthesis in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899819. [PMID: 35656010 PMCID: PMC9152428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine that is abundant in furano- and dihydropyrano coumarins. When P. praeruptorum reaches the bolting stage, the roots gradually lignified, and the content of coumarins declines rapidly. Non-bolting has always been a decisive factor for harvesting the P. praeruptorum materials. To evaluate the amount of coumarin components in unbolted and bolted P. praeruptorum, the variations of praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, praeruptorin E, peucedanocoumarin I, and peucedanocoumarin II were determined. Additionally, 336,505 transcripts were obtained from the comparative transcriptome data. Among them, a total of 1,573 differentially expressed genes were screened out. To identify the critical genes involved in coumarin biosynthesis, comparative transcriptomics coupled with co-expression associated analysis was conducted. Finally, coumarin biosynthesis-related eighteen candidate genes were selected for the validation of qPCR. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree and the expression profile of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were constructed. To clarify the main genes in the regulation of coumarin biosynthesis, the interaction network of the co-expression genes from thirteen modules was constructed. Current results exhibited the significant increment of praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B and praeruptorin E in the bolted P. praeruptorum. Although, peucedanocoumarin I and peucedanocoumarin II were slightly increased. Besides the content of coumarins, the essential genes involved in the coumarin biosynthesis also exhibited an overall downward trend after bolting. Three peroxidases (PRXs) involved in the production of lignin monomers had been demonstrated to be downregulated. PAL, C4H, HCT, COMT, CCoAOMT, and some ABC transporters were dramatically downregulated at the bolting stage. These results indicated that the downregulation of coumarin biosynthetic genes in the bolted P. praeruptorum ultimately reduced the formation of coumarins. However, the mechanism through which bolting indirectly affects the formation of coumarin still needs extra functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Peipei Wei
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | | | - Fang Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Biqi Yao Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
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6
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Chemical constituents from the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Dang J, Ma J, Dawa Y, Liu C, Ji T, Wang Q. Preparative separation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors originating from Saxifraga sinomontana employing medium-pressure liquid chromatography in combination with reversed-phase liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38739-38749. [PMID: 35493204 PMCID: PMC9044138 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Tibetan medicines elaborately document the health benefits of Saxifraga sinomontana. However, there have been limited reports on its chemical make-up, presumably because of the complicated separation and purification process. In this work, a methanolic extract of Saxifraga sinomontana was utilized for targeted separation of 4 key 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors employing the medium-pressure liquid chromatography, reversed-phase liquid chromatography in combination with on-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl detection. Pre-treatment of the sample was carried out by employing medium-pressure liquid chromatography using MCI GEL® CHP20P as the stationary phase, furnishing 2.4 g of fraction Fr3 and 3.4 g of fraction Fr4 (the percentage retrieval was 32.7%). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors contained in fractions Fr3 and Fr4 were subjected to additional separation using a C18 (ReproSil-Pur C18 AQ) column and yielded 106.2 mg of Fr3-1, 246.9 mg of Fr3-2, 248.5 mg of Fr4-1 and 41.8 mg of Fr4-2. The degree of purity, structures and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibition activity of the isolated DPPH inhibitors were determined, and four 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors including two new diarylnonanoids (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-(6'-O-galloyl)-1-O-β-d-glucopyrano side with IC50 of 39.6 μM, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6'-O-galloyl)-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside with IC50 of 46.9 μM, saximonsin A with IC50 of 11.4 μM, and saximonsin B with IC50 of 20.6 μM) were isolated with a percentage purity above 95%. The methodology thus evolved has good efficacy for preparatively isolating high-purity 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from extracts of Saxifraga sinomontana and could be efficiently utilized for rapidly isolating 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitors from other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
| | - Jianbin Ma
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University Xining 810008 China
| | - Yangzom Dawa
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibet Plateau Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University Xining 810008 China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
| | - Tengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
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Song C, Li X, Jia B, Liu L, Ou J, Han B. De novo Transcriptome Sequencing Coupled With Co-expression Analysis Reveal the Transcriptional Regulation of Key Genes Involved in the Formation of Active Ingredients in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn Under Bolting Period. Front Genet 2021; 12:683037. [PMID: 34194480 PMCID: PMC8236723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.683037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn is a perennial and one-off flowering plant of the Peucedanum genus in Umbelliferae. The cultivated P. praeruptorum Dunn usually grows nutritionally in the first year and then moves into the reproductive growth in the second year. The lignification of the roots caused by bolting leads to the quality decline of crude materials. Since most of the previous studies have dealt with coumarin biosynthesis and identification of functional genes in P. praeruptorum, the scientific connotation of the inability that the bolted P. praeruptorum cannot be used medically is still unclear. Here, we employed a transcriptome sequencing combined with coexpression analysis to unearth the regulation mechanism of key genes related to coumarin synthesis in pre- and postbolting period, and to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of bolting on the formation and transport of coumarins between the annual and biennial plants. Six cDNA libraries were constructed, and the transcripts were sequenced and assembled by Illumina Hiseq platform. A total of 336,505 unigenes were obtained from 824,129 non-redundant spliced transcripts. Unigenes (114,488) were annotated to the NCBI nr database, 119,017 and 10,475 unigenes were aligned to Gene Ontology (GO) functional groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. Differential expression analysis screened out a series of upregulated and downregulated genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway. The heatmap clustering showed that the similar expression patterns were both observed in groups C vs. D and groups C vs. F. The WGCNA-based coexpression was performed to elucidate the module and trait relationship to unearth important genes related to the bolting process. Seven pivotal modules on the KEGG functional annotations suggested these genes were mainly enriched in the process of plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, α-linolenic acid metabolism, circadian rhythm, and phenylpropanoid pathway. Further analysis provided clues that the key genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, the ABC transporters, the apoptosis-related and circadian rhythm regulatory genes may play pivotal roles in regulating bolting signaling, biosynthesis, and transportation of coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinmei Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Zhuang L, Ding Y, Ma F, Li J, M SM, Xiao W, Wang Z, Zhu J. A novel online preparative high-performance liquid chromatography system with the multiple trap columns-valve switch technique for the rapid and efficient isolation of main flavonoids from Epimedium koreanum Nakai. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:656-665. [PMID: 33151025 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new online preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the fast and efficient separation of complex chemical mixtures from natural products. This system integrates two chromatographic systems into an online automatic separation system using the technique of multiple trap columns with valve switching. The sample was first separated into 18 subfractions in the online preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and the sample eluents were then diluted and captured online on 18 trap columns by the multiple trap columns technique, respectively. Each subfraction retained on the trap column was transferred online to the separation column for the second separation. Finally, the target compounds were purified by appropriate separation conditions and multiple heart-cutting strategies. Importantly, the system was successfully used to separate 18 high-purity flavonoids from the crude extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai online in one step. The entire separation time was approximately 20 h, and the structures were characterized by the high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. This online preparative high-performance liquid chromatography system represents an efficient and rapid separation system that has the potential for a wide array of applications in the separation of complex chemical components from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwu Zhuang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Fenglian Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jinliu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Safian Murad M
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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10
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Simultaneous determination of loading capacity and selectivity in preparative off-line two-dimensional separation: An application for purification of corilagin from Pomegranate flower extracts. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Wang L, Marcus RK. Polypropylene capillary-channeled polymer fiber column as the second dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional RP × RP analysis of a mixture of intact proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2963-2979. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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13
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Zhou W, Liu Y, Wang J, Guo Z, Shen A, Liu Y, Liang X. Application of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the separation of traditional Chinese medicine. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:87-104. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceDalian Ocean University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control Jinan P. R. China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
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14
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Wang X, Zhao S, Wang C, Sun W, Jin Y, Gong X, Tong S. Off‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional reversed‐phase countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography: Orthogonality in separation of
Polygonum cuspidatum
Sieb. et Zucc. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:561-568. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Xingchu Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou 310023 P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
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15
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Lv W, Shi X, Wang S, Xu G. Multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Li J, Schmitz OJ. Development of an At-Column Dilution Modulator for Flexible and Precise Control of Dilution Factors to Overcome Mobile Phase Incompatibility in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10251-10257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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17
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Offline preparative 2-D polar-copolymerized reversed-phase chromatography × zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography for effective purification of polar compounds from Caulis Polygoni Multiflori. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Marlot L, Batteau M, De Beer D, Faure K. In Silico Screening of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Centrifugal Partition Chromatography × Liquid Chromatography for Multiple Compound Isolation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14279-14286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Marlot
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Magali Batteau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dalene De Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karine Faure
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Gradual Gradient Two-Dimensional Preparative Liquid Chromatography System for Preparative Separation of Complex Natural Products. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Marlot L, Batteau M, Faure K. Comparison between centrifugal partition chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography as first dimensions in off-line two-dimensional separation: Application to the isolation of multi-targeted compounds from Edelweiss plant. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2011-2019. [PMID: 29513903 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preparative two-dimensional chromatography is gaining interest in the elucidation of complex samples as it allows the recovery of a large number of molecules without the risks inherent to tedious multi-step sample preparation. While the second dimension is often selected to be liquid chromatography, it may be of interest to compare the specificities of two different techniques, namely liquid chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography, to be used as first dimension. A fair comparison between off-line CPCxLC and prepLCxLC in selective comprehensive mode for preparative purposes is carried out in this study, illustrated by the isolation of five compounds from high-value Edelweiss plant. The method development of each configuration is achieved on laboratory scale instruments. The quality of separation is compared using 2D-contour plots. The prepLCxLC exhibits a large separation space that leads to an overall large peak capacity, which is of great interest for complex samples. But its limited loading capacity involves a large number of 2 D runs increasing the running costs for preparative purposes. On the other hand, CPCxLC provides a low peak capacity due to the poor efficiency provided by CPC. However, this liquid-liquid technique can be finely tuned to generate a high selectivity, decreasing the number of runs necessary to produce a limited number of target solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Marlot
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Magali Batteau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
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21
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Xu J, Zheng L, Lin L, Sun B, Su G, Zhao M. Stop-flow reversed phase liquid chromatography × size-exclusion chromatography for separation of peptides. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1018:119-126. [PMID: 29605129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with wide application in peptide analysis presents challenges in determination of molecular weight distribution due to the relatively low resolution. In this study, a stop-flow reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) × SEC system was constructed, aiming at improving the peptide separation in SEC. As the chromatographic dispersion during stop-flow operation might contribute to the band broadening in the first dimension (1st D) RPLC, the effects of different stop-flow operational parameters on the additional band broadening were quantitatively evaluated. Unlike analytes of large molecular size or long retention time with low effective diffusion coefficient (Deff), additional band broadening was evidently observed for analytes of small molecular size and short retention time (high Deff). Therefore, optimal flow rate, low column temperature and short stop-flow time were suggested for analyzing small molecules of short retention time. The established stop-flow two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) was further tested on protein hydrolysates. The resolution was evidently improved for both heart-cutting and comprehensive 2D-LC analysis (despite additional band broadening in RPLC). Compared with heart-cutting analysis with higher 1st D resolution for selective fractions, comprehensive analysis could provide more complete information about the molecular weight distribution of the eluting solutes along RPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucai Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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22
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Additional band broadening of peptides in the first size-exclusion chromatographic dimension of an automated stop-flow two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Wang YQ, Tang X, Li JF, Wu YL, Sun YY, Fang MJ, Wu Z, Wang XM, Qiu YK. Development of an on-line mixed-mode gel liquid chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatography method for separation of water extract from Flos Carthami. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1519:145-151. [PMID: 28886939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method by coupling mixed-mode gel liquid chromatography (MMG-LC) with reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was developed. A mixture of 17 reference compounds was used to study the separation mechanism. A crude water extract of Flos Carthami was applied to evaluate the performance of the novel 2D-LC system. In the first dimension, the extract was eluted with a gradient of water/methanol over a cross-linked dextran gel Sephadex LH-20 column. Meanwhile, the advantages of size exclusion, reversed phase partition and adsorption separation mechanism were exploited before further on-line reversed phase purification on the second dimension. This novel on-line mixed-mode Sephadex LH-20×RPLC method provided higher peak resolution, sample processing ability (2.5mg) and better orthogonality (72.9%) versus RPLC×RPLC and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)×RPLC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mixed-mode Sephadex LH-20×RPLC separation method with successful applications in on-line mode, which might be beneficial for harvesting targets from complicated medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Fu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu-Ying Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mei-Juan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiu-Min Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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24
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Hong MJ, Kim J. Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Khellactone Esters from Peucedanum japonicum Roots. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1354-1360. [PMID: 28402633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new angular dihydropyranocoumarins (1-16) and 24 known compounds were isolated from the roots of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. The absolute configuration of diacylkhellactone was established by partial hydrolysis, the Mosher method, and X-ray crystallography. In addition, ECD spectroscopy was used to assign the absolute configurations of several of the angular dihydropyranocoumarins. Enantiomers were detected by RP-HPLC using MTPA esters while acyl migration of the substituents was observed in cis-monoacylkhellactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jee Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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25
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van de Schans MGM, Blokland MH, Zoontjes PW, Mulder PPJ, Nielen MWF. Multiple heart-cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1503:38-48. [PMID: 28487121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their and the corresponding N-oxides (PAs-ox) are genotoxic plant metabolites which can be present as unwanted contaminants in food products of herbal origin like tea and food supplements. PAs and PAs-ox come in a wide variety of molecular structures including many structural isomers. For toxicity assessment it is important to determine the composition of a sample and to resolve all isomeric PAs and PAs-ox, which is currently not possible in one liquid or gas chromatographic (LC or GC) run. In this study an online two dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC QToF-MS) method was developed to resolve isomeric PAs and PAs-ox. After comprehensive column and mobile phase selection a polar endcapped C18 column was used at pH 3 in the first dimension, and a cross-linked C18 column at pH 10 in the second dimension. Injection solvents, column IDs, flow rates and temperatures were carefully optimized. The method with column selection valve switching described in this study was able to resolve and visualize 20 individual PAs/PAs-ox (6 sets of isomers) in one 2D-LC QToF-MS run. Moreover, it was shown that all isomeric PAs/PAs-ox could be unambiguously annotated. The method was shown to be applicable for the determination and quantification of isomeric PAs/PAs-ox in plant extracts and could be easily extended to include other PAs and PAs-ox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou G M van de Schans
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco H Blokland
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Zoontjes
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P J Mulder
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Development of molecular imprinted column-on line-two dimensional liquid chromatography for selective determination of clenbuterol residues in biological samples. Food Chem 2017; 217:628-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Li JF, Yan X, Wu YL, Fang MJ, Wu Z, Qiu YK. Comprehensive two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography for analysis of toad skin. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:114-120. [PMID: 28231875 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An analytical two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography (2D NPLC × RPLC) system was constructed with a newly developed thermal evaporation assisted adsorption (TEAA) interface. This novel TEAA interface with heating temperature above solvent boiling point allowed fast removal of organic NPLC solvent and successfully solved the solvent incompatibility problem between NPLC and RPLC. The system achieved rapid on-line solvent exchange between the two dimensions within a short modulation time of 190 s and was applied in the analysis of an extract from the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans. This is the first time to realize the on-line comprehensive analysis of a moderate polar natural product by coupling NPLC with reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). To be highlighted, with the TEAA interface, the 2D NPLC × RPLC system provided excellent resolution and orthogonality (75.2%), when compared with that of 2D RPLC × RPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mei-Juan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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28
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Yan X, Wang LJ, Wu Z, Wu YL, Liu XX, Chang FR, Fang MJ, Qiu YK. New on-line separation workflow of microbial metabolites via hyphenation of analytical and preparative comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:1-8. [PMID: 27517521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites represent an important source of bioactive natural products, but always exhibit diverse of chemical structures or complicated chemical composition with low active ingredients content. Traditional separation methods rely mainly on off-line combination of open-column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, the multi-step and prolonged separation procedure might lead to exposure to oxygen and structural transformation of metabolites. In the present work, a new two-dimensional separation workflow for fast isolation and analysis of microbial metabolites from Chaetomium globosum SNSHI-5, a cytotoxic fungus derived from extreme environment. The advantage of this analytical comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) lies on its ability to analyze the composition of the metabolites, and to optimize the separation conditions for the preparative 2D-LC. Furthermore, gram scale preparative 2D-LC separation of the crude fungus extract could be performed on a medium-pressure liquid chromatograph×preparative high-performance liquid chromatography system, under the optimized condition. Interestingly, 12 cytochalasan derivatives, including two new compounds named cytoglobosin Ab (3) and isochaetoglobosin Db (8), were successfully obtained with high purity in a short period of time. The structures of the isolated metabolites were comprehensively characterized by HR ESI-MS and NMR. To be highlighted, this is the first report on the combination of analytical and preparative 2D-LC for the separation of microbial metabolites. The new workflow exhibited apparent advantages in separation efficiency and sample treatment capacity compared with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Mei-Juan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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29
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Li JF, Fang H, Yan X, Chang FR, Wu Z, Wu YL, Qiu YK. On-line comprehensive two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography×reversed-phase liquid chromatography for preparative isolation of toad venom. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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XIE XM, SUN WY, HUANG JY, Polachi N, TONG L, SUN GX. Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography-based Multidimensional Chromatography and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Ma X, Meng Z, Qiu L, Chen J, Guo Y, Yi D, Ji T, Jia H, Xue M. Solanesol extraction from tobacco leaves by Flash chromatography based on molecularly imprinted polymers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1020:1-5. [PMID: 26994329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel solanesol extraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the Flash chromatography stationary phase was established and evaluated. Spherical MIP particles in a size range of 250-350 μm (d (0.5)=320 μm) for solanesol were synthesized by suspension polymerization, with imprinting factor of 3.9. The MIP particles (5.5 g) were packed in common Teflon column as the stationary phase while the sample solution and elution solvent were confirmed as methanol and methanol/acetic acid solution (80/20, v/v), loading at 4 ml/min and eluting 8 ml/min, respectively. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, the adsorption capacity of the MIP-Flash column was determined as 107.3 μmol/g, and in each process, 370.8 mg purified solanesol (98.4%) could be obtained from the extract (20 mM, 40 ml) of tobacco leaves (14.7 g), and the yield of solanesol was 2.5% of the dry weight of tobacco leaves. The results reported here confirm the feasibility to extract highly purified active ingredients directly from natural products on a large scale by MIP-Flash chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yushu Guo
- Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Da Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Matysik E, Woźniak A, Paduch R, Rejdak R, Polak B, Donica H. The New TLC Method for Separation and Determination of Multicomponent Mixtures of Plant Extracts. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:1813581. [PMID: 26981317 PMCID: PMC4769758 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1813581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The new mode of two-dimensional gradient thin layer chromatography (MGD-2D TLC) has been presented. Short distance development of sample in the first dimension leads to formation of the preconcentrated narrow zones. They are consecutively separated in the second dimension with the mobile phase gradient in several steps of development until the eluent reaches the further end of the chromatographic plate. The use of the above-mentioned technique allows isolating and then identifying the compounds of various polarity from the multicomponent mixture. The practical application of two-dimensional gradient thin layer chromatography has been performed for isolation of the two plant (Juniperus and Thymus) oils components as the examples of test mixtures. The experiments have been carried out with the use of silica gel plates as well as a normal phase condition. The results of solute separation with isocratic one-dimensional thin layer chromatography system have been compared with those of two-dimensional gradient system. It has been observed that application of the latter mode leads to almost triplicated number of zones in comparison with the former one. It is purposeful to apply the proposed mode to control the purity of the dominant component or components of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Matysik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Virology & Immunology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Polak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Helena Donica
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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