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Tůma P. Progress in on-line, at-line, and in-line coupling of sample treatment with capillary and microchip electrophoresis over the past 10 years: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341249. [PMID: 37147053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The review presents an evaluation of the development of on-line, at-line and in-line sample treatment coupled with capillary and microchip electrophoresis over the last 10 years. In the first part, it describes different types of flow-gating interfaces (FGI) such as cross-FGI, coaxial-FGI, sheet-flow-FGI, and air-assisted-FGI and their fabrication using molding into polydimethylsiloxane and commercially available fittings. The second part deals with the coupling of capillary and microchip electrophoresis with microdialysis, solid-phase, liquid-phase, and membrane based extraction techniques. It mainly focuses on modern techniques such as extraction across supported liquid membrane, electroextraction, single drop microextraction, head space microextraction, and microdialysis with high spatial and temporal resolution. Finally, the design of sequential electrophoretic analysers and fabrication of SPE microcartridges with monolithic and molecularly imprinted polymeric sorbents are discussed. Applications include the monitoring of metabolites, neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins in body fluids and tissues to study processes in living organisms, as well as the monitoring of nutrients, minerals and waste compounds in food, natural and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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2
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Vaas APJP, Yu RB, Quirino JP. In-line sample concentration in capillary electrophoresis by cyclodextrin to admicelle microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6671-6680. [PMID: 35978220 PMCID: PMC9411250 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) as a pseudophase in pseudophase-to-pseudophase microextraction (P2ME) in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are proposed. In this P2ME mode called CD to admicelle ME, a long plug of dilute analyte solution prepared in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the critical micellar concentration was injected into the capillary. This formed CTAB admicelles at the interface between the solution and the negatively charged capillary surface, where the analytes were trapped. The injection of CD solution released the admicelles and the analytes from the capillary surface due to the formation of stable CD/CTAB inclusion complexes. The analytes are concentrated at the CD front during injection and voltage separation. Various neutral CDs were found to be effective for CD to admicelle ME. To implement this in-line sample concentration technique in CZE, CD concentration, sample injection time, and sample:CD solution injection ratio were optimized. The optimized conditions for five model anionic analytes, namely, 4-bromophenol, sulindac, sulfamethizole, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and succinylsulfathiazole, were 20 mM α-CD in 20 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.2) solution, sample injection time of 370 s, and CD:sample injection ratio of 1:2. The sensitivity enhancement factors (SEFs) were between 112 and 168. The SEFs of sulindac and sulfamethizole in particular were similar to previously published off-line microextraction techniques, which are typically time-consuming. The calculated values of LOQ, intra-/inter-day (n = 6/n = 10, 3 days) repeatability, and linearity (R2) of CD to admicelle ME were 0.0125-0.05 µg/mL, 1.5-4.6%, 1.8-4.8%, and ≥0.999, respectively. Finally, the potential of CD to admicelle ME to the analysis of artificial urine samples was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaravaas Patabadige Jude P Vaas
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Raymond B Yu
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Semail NF, Abdul Keyon AS, Saad B, Noordin SS, Nik Mohamed Kamal NNS, Mohamad Zain NN, Azizi J, Kamaruzaman S, Yahaya N. Analytical method development and validation of anticancer agent, 5-fluorouracil, and its metabolites in biological matrices: An updated review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1781654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadhiratul-Farihin Semail
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Technologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Salmah Noordin
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sazlinda Kamaruzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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4
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Ryšavá L, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. The effect of membrane thickness on supported liquid membrane extractions in-line coupled to capillary electrophoresis for analyses of complex samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:226-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Dvořák M, Kubáň P. In-line coupling of supported liquid membrane extraction across nanofibrous membrane to capillary electrophoresis for analysis of basic drugs from undiluted body fluids. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2398-2406. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
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6
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20th anniversary of axial capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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In-line coupling of supported liquid membrane extraction to capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous analysis of basic and acidic drugs in urine. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1519:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Almeida MIGS, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD. Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) in chemical analysis - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 987:1-14. [PMID: 28916032 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the increasing interest in polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) in analytical chemistry as they are adapted to new and novel applications. PIMs are polymer-based liquid membranes and were first introduced 50 years ago as the sensing membranes in ion-selective electrodes and optodes. More recently however, PIMs have been used for other applications in analytical chemistry such as for sample separation, sample pre-concentration, electro-driven extraction, and passive sampling, and have also been incorporated into on-line and automated analysis systems. The present review provides a general overview of the analytical chemistry applications of PIMs reported in the literature to date and illustrates their versatility for solving challenging chemical analysis problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inês G S Almeida
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robert W Cattrall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Spas D Kolev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Dziomba S, Ciura K, Markuszewski MJ, Wielgomas B. Migration time shift of analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography induced by stacking. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1730-1735. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Krzesimir Ciura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Michał J. Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
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10
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Hu SW, Chen S. Large-Scale Membrane- and Lignin-Modified Adsorbent-Assisted Extraction and Preconcentration of Triazine Analogs and Aflatoxins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040801. [PMID: 28398252 PMCID: PMC5412385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-scale simultaneous extraction and concentration of aqueous solutions of triazine analogs, and aflatoxins, through a hydrocarbon-based membrane (e.g., polyethylene, polyethylene/polypropylene copolymer) under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure is reported. The subsequent adsorption of analyte in the extraction chamber over the lignin-modified silica gel facilitates the process by reducing the operating time. The maximum adsorption capacity values for triazine analogs and aflatoxins are mainly adsorption mechanism-dependent and were calculated to be 0.432 and 0.297 mg/10 mg, respectively. The permeation, and therefore the percentage of analyte extracted, ranges from 1% to almost 100%, and varies among the solvents examined. It is considered to be vapor pressure- and chemical polarity-dependent, and is thus highly affected by the nature and thickness of the membrane, the discrepancy in the solubility values of the analyte between the two liquid phases, and the amount of adsorbent used in the process. A dependence on the size of the analyte was observed in the adsorption capacity measurement, but not in the extraction process. The theoretical interaction simulation and FTIR data show that the planar aflatoxin molecule releases much more energy when facing toward the membrane molecule when approaching it, and the mechanism leading to the adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wei Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Shushi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
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Breadmore MC, Wuethrich A, Li F, Phung SC, Kalsoom U, Cabot JM, Tehranirokh M, Shallan AI, Abdul Keyon AS, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2014–2016). Electrophoresis 2016; 38:33-59. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Masoomeh Tehranirokh
- ASTech, ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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12
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques- Developments from 2014 to 2016. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:95-114. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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13
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Analytical capillary isotachophoresis after 50 years of development: Recent progress 2014-2016. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:9-19. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; v.v.i; Brno Czech Republic
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent applications of capillary electromigration methods to separation and analysis of proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with field-amplified sample injection CE-UV for high-sensitivity analysis of six cardiovascular drugs in human urine sample. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1201-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Harstad
- University of Minnesota , Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alexander C Johnson
- University of Minnesota , Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Megan M Weisenberger
- University of Minnesota , Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael T Bowser
- University of Minnesota , Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang W, Li Y, Chen Z. Selective and sensitive determination of protoberberines by capillary electrophoresis coupled with molecularly imprinted microextraction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3969-3975. [PMID: 26419924 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a novel molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction with capillary electrophoresis method for the selective extraction and determination of protoberberines in complicated samples. The imprinted monolith was prepared in a micropipette tip-based device by using acrylamide as the functional monomer, ethyleneglyoldimethacrylate as the cross-linker and dimethylsulfoxide as the porogen, and exhibited an imprinting factor of 2.41 to berberine, 2.36 to palmatine and 2.38 to jatrorrhizine. Good capillary electrophoresis separation was achieved by using 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7 as running buffer with the addition of organic modifier of 10% methanol. Parameters such as sample pH value, sample flow rate and sample volume were investigated for imprinted monolith-based solid-phase microextraction. An imprinted solid-phase microextraction with capillary electrophoresis method was developed, the method showed a wide linear range (0.3-50 μg/mL), good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9947) and good reproducibility (relative standard deviations ≤ 0.73%), the limit of detection was as low as 0.1 μg/mL, which was lower than some reported methods based on capillary electrophoresis for protoberberines. The method has been applied for determination of three common protoberberines in Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis, by using a molecularly imprinted monolith as the selective sorbent, most of the matrices in the Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis sample were removed and three protoberberines were selectively enriched and well determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pantůčková P, Kubáň P, Boček P. In-line coupling of microextractions across polymer inclusion membranes to capillary zone electrophoresis for rapid determination of formate in blood samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 887:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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