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Morote L, Gómez-Gómez L, López-Jimenez A, Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga Á. In vitro dioxygenase activity characterization using headspace stir bar sorptive extraction (HSSE). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5733-5740. [PMID: 39139129 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
An analytical approach employing headspace sorptive extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSSE-GC-MS) has been successfully developed for the determination of apocarotenoid volatiles arising from the enzymatic activity of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (CCDs) in Escherichia coli. The GjCCD4a enzyme derived from gardenia, known for its cleavage specificity at 7,8 and 7',8' double bonds across diverse carotenoid substrates, was utilized as a reference enzyme, using β-carotene as the substrate for the enzymatic activity assays. Optimal headspace conditions for analysis were established following a 5 hours induction period of the recombinant GjCCD4a protein within E. coli cells, engineered to produce β-carotene. The analytical method demonstrated linearity, with correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.95) in calibration, while achieving detection and quantification limits conducive to the accurate determination of β-cyclocitral. Notably, this methodological framework significantly reduced both the handling complexity and sample processing time in comparison to conventional liquid chromatography methods employed for the detection of cleavage products and determination of CCD activities. The proposed HSSE-GC-MS approach not only enhances the efficiency of apocarotenoid analysis but also provides a sensitive means for unraveling the intricate enzymatic processes associated with CCD-mediated carotenoid cleavage in a bacterial model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Morote
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Dr. José Maria Sánchez Ibañez, s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Alberto López-Jimenez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
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Barzegar S, Rehmani M, Farahmandzadeh M, Absalan G, Karimi B. Solvent-Focused Gas Chromatographic Determination of Thymol and Carvacrol Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction through Solidifying Floating Organic Droplets (USA-DLLME-SFO). Molecules 2024; 29:3931. [PMID: 39203009 PMCID: PMC11357376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction by solidifying floating organic droplets, coupled to a form of temperature-programmed gas chromatography flame ionization detection, has been developed for the extraction and determination of thymol and carvacrol. This method utilizes undecanol as the extraction solvent, offering advantages such as facilitating phase transfer through solidification and enhancing solvent-focusing efficiency. The optimal gas chromatography conditions include a sample injection volume of 0.2 µL, a split ratio of 1:10, and a flow rate of 0.7 mL min-1. The extraction conditions entail an extraction solvent volume of 20 µL, a disperser solvent (acetone) volume of 500 µL, pH 7.0, 7.0% NaCl (3.5 M), a sample volume of 5.0 mL, an ultrasound duration of 10 min, and a centrifuge time of 7.5 min (800 rpm). These conditions enable the achievement of a high and reasonable linear range of 3.5 to 70. 0 μg mL-1 for both thymol and carvacrol. The detection limits are found to be 0.95 and 0.89 μg mL-1, respectively, for thymol and carvacrol. The obtained relative standard deviations, 2.7% for thymol and 2.6% for carvacrol, demonstrate acceptable precision for the purpose of quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Barzegar
- Professor Massoumi Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; (S.B.)
| | - Mousab Rehmani
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | | | - Ghodratollah Absalan
- Professor Massoumi Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; (S.B.)
| | - Benson Karimi
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Volatile fingerprinting by solid-phase microextraction mass spectrometry for rapid classification of honey botanical source. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oller-Ruiz A, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M, Fenoll J, Garrido I, Campillo N. Free and glycosylated aroma compounds in grapes monitored by solid-liquid extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2996-3004. [PMID: 35713621 PMCID: PMC9546298 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen aroma compounds have been determined in their free and glycosylated forms in grapes using dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The sample treatment includes a previous solid‐liquid extraction stage and subsequent parallel microextraction approaches to preconcentrate total aroma content and the free fraction. Thus, the extraction of the total content of analytes requires previous enzymatic hydrolysis of the bound forms. For preconcentration, chloroform (250 μl) and acetonitrile (1.5 ml) were added to 10 ml of the sample extract in the presence of 0.5 g sodium chloride. The absence of matrix effect in the samples allowed quantification against aqueous external standards. Limits of detection ranged between 5 and 30 ng/g, depending on the compound. Method accuracy was studied through recovery assays, with recoveries in the 82–115% range being obtained. Relative standard deviations for repeatability studies were lower than 12%. Four different samples of grapes were analyzed, being quantified linalool in its free form at concentrations in the 359–470 ng/g range, and benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethanol, and linalool oxide I and II in their bound forms between 52 and 464 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Oller-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Fenoll
- Sustainability and Quality Group of Fruit and Vegetable Products, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development. C/ Mayor s/n. La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Garrido
- Sustainability and Quality Group of Fruit and Vegetable Products, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development. C/ Mayor s/n. La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Darío Pierini G, Andrés Bortolato S, Noel Robledo S, Raquel Alcaraz M, Fernández H, Casimiro Goicoechea H, Alicia Zon M. Second-order electrochemical data generation to quantify carvacrol in oregano essential oils. Food Chem 2022; 368:130840. [PMID: 34450499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel analytical method using voltammetric second-order modeling based on multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-square (MCR-ALS) is presented for the first time for the quantitation of carvacrol (CAR) in oregano essential oils (OEO). The second-order cyclic voltammetry data were generated on the basis that CAR shows a diffusional system. Thus, the scan rate (v) was used as a second instrumental mode and cyclic voltammograms at different v were acquired for a single sample, generating the second-order data. CAR determination was performed in presence of thymol, included as a potential interferent. Results demonstrated that MCR-ALS successfully exploited the second-order advantage and the recoveries were not statistically different than 100%. The limits of detection and quantitation were estimated using the MCR-ALS which were 6.27 × 10-5°mol°L-1°and 1.90 × 10-4°mol L-1, respectively. Finally, the developed methodology was implemented to quantify of CAR in OEO samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Darío Pierini
- Departamento de Química, Grupo GEANA, Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Andrés Bortolato
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina; Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Sebastian Noel Robledo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina; Departamento de Tecnología Química, Grupo GEANA, Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3 (5800), Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - Mirta Raquel Alcaraz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina; Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Argentina.
| | - Héctor Fernández
- Departamento de Química, Grupo GEANA, Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
| | - Héctor Casimiro Goicoechea
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina; Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Argentina.
| | - María Alicia Zon
- Departamento de Química, Grupo GEANA, Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N° 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
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Voltammetric Determination of Isopropylmethylphenols in Herbal Spices. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206095. [PMID: 34684675 PMCID: PMC8537772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol and carvacrol—the components of herbal spices—are known for their broad biological activity as antimicrobials and antioxidants. For this reason, it is important to develop new methods for their determination in plant material. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for determination of total content of these analytes in herbal spices using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been developed. The basis of the research is the oxidation process of isopropylmethylphenols on a platinum microelectrode in glacial acetic acid containing acetonitrile (20%, v/v) and 0.1 mol L−1 sodium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte. Linear voltammetric responses for thymol and carvacrol were obtained in a wide concentration range from 0.39–1105 and 0.47–640 µg mL−1, with a low detection limit of 0.04 and 0.05 µg mL−1, respectively. The analysis was performed using the multiple standard addition method. The results of the voltammetric determination are in good agreement with the data of the standard chromatographic method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of an electrochemical procedure to determine these compounds in these environmental and electrode materials.
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Paiva AC, Crucello J, de Aguiar Porto N, Hantao LW. Fundamentals of and recent advances in sorbent-based headspace extractions. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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8
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Myers C, Herrington JS, Hamrah P, Anderson K. Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Terpenes in Cannabis Coupled With Various Injection Techniques for GC-MS Analysis. Front Chem 2021; 9:619770. [PMID: 33869138 PMCID: PMC8047638 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.619770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabis market is expanding exponentially in the United States. As state-wide legalization increases, so do demands for analytical testing methodologies. One of the main tests conducted on cannabis products is the analysis for terpenes. This research focused on implementation of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), utilizing surrogate matrix matching, and evaluation of traditional vs. more modern sample introduction techniques for analyzing terpenes via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Introduction techniques included Headspace-Syringe (HS-Syringe), HS-Solid Phase Microextraction Arrow (HS-SPME Arrow), Direct Immersion-SPME Arrow (DI-SPME Arrow), and Liquid Injection-Syringe (LI-Syringe). The LI-Syringe approach was deemed the most straightforward and robust method with terpene working ranges of 0.04–5.12 μg/mL; r2 values of 0.988–0.996 (0.993 average); limit of quantitation values of 0.017–0.129 μg/mL (0.047 average); analytical precisions of 2.58–9.64% RSD (1.56 average); overall ASE-LI-Syringe-GC-MS method precisions of 1.73–14.6% RSD (4.97 average); and % recoveries of 84.6–98.9% (90.2 average) for the 23 terpenes of interest. Sample workflows and results are discussed, with an evaluation of the advantages/limitations of each approach and opportunities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Myers
- Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, PA, United States
| | | | - Paul Hamrah
- Verity Analytics, San Diego, CA, United States
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9
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Determination of Carvacrol and Thymol in Honey by Using a Simple and Efficient Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhao X, Wei J, Liu H, Si X, Xu Z, Cai Z. Chiral molecularly imprinted polymeric stir bar sorptive extraction for naproxen enantiomer detection in PPCPs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122251. [PMID: 32109790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral micropollutant analysis in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is interesting but challenging. We firstly developed a series of chiral molecularly imprinted polymeric (CMIP) stir bar sorptive extraction coatings by combining a chiral template with chiral functional monomers via a click reaction for naproxen enantiomer analysis in PPCPs. Heterochiral selectivity was observed in the molecule recognition of the CMIP coatings, which demonstrated good adsorption capability for the chiral template and its structurally similar chiral compounds. The coatings also exhibited excellent enrichment capability for chiral analytes in an aqueous matrix. The surface morphology and pore structure of the CMIP coatings were characterized. The molecular interactions between the chiral template and chiral functional monomer were investigated through UV-vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to prove the effective interactions existing in the heterochiral MIPs. The CMIP coatings were used to enrich naproxen enantiomers in chiral drug and environmental water samples, and satisfactory recoveries (83.98 %-118.88 %) with a relative standard deviation of 3.49 %-13.08 % were achieved. The heterochiral imprinted coating-based method provided a sensitive, selective, and effective enrichment strategy for chiral micropollutant analysis in PPCPs. This technique is critical for chiral molecule recognition and enantiomer analysis in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Liu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yuanchen Liu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Si
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, 650231, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China.
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Simultaneous determination of carvacrol and thymol in bee pollen by using a simple and efficient solvent extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 181:113124. [PMID: 31986438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is proposed to determine residues of carvacrol and thymol in bee pollen by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. This is an efficient and simple sample treatment (with average analyte recoveries between 90% and 104%) involving solvent extraction with hexane followed by evaporation. There is no need for any additional clean-up step, as the matrix did not affect determination of mass spectrometry for either compound. The chromatographic conditions are also optimized: a ZB-WAX column is employed, helium is the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min, and a temperature program is included, allowing baseline separation of both compounds in less than 21 min. The method is fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection and quantification, matrix effect, linearity, precision and trueness. Results show that not only is it selective, but that it also displays a wide linearity range (limit of quantification-1000 μg/kg), good precision (relative standard deviation values lower than 8%) and sensitivity (limits of detection and quantification lower than 15 μg/kg). Finally, several bee pollen samples are analysed, and thymol and carvacrol residues are found at low concentrations (limit of quantification-57 μg/kg) in some cases.
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12
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Optimization by experimental design of headspace sorptive extraction and solid-phase microextraction for the determination of terpenes in spices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Neggad A, Benkaci-Ali F, Alsafra Z, Eppe G. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to GC/MS for the Analysis of Volatiles of Honeys from Arid and Mediterranean Areas of Algeria. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900267. [PMID: 31419038 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The volatile composition of seven honey samples collected from various regions of Algeria and feeding on different plants have been determined. The Headspace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to achieve the purpose. In this work, different parameters of the HS-SPME analytical method were investigated in order to reach maximal sensitivity, and thus to obtain maximum information about the volatile profile of Algerian honey. These parameters include saline medium, HS extraction temperature, and the nature of the fiber used. The results showed a great diversity in the chemical composition, in total 124 compounds from different chemical classes were identified, including compounds found for the first time in honey. The Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) demonstrated the importance of choosing SPME extraction conditions to find volatile compounds, which could be as specific markers of the floral or geographical origin of honey, the latter was optimized in the parameter PDMS-55 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Neggad
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farid Benkaci-Ali
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zouheir Alsafra
- University of Liege, Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse L.S.M, Allee du 6 Août, Bât B6c, 4000, Liege (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- University of Liege, Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse L.S.M, Allee du 6 Août, Bât B6c, 4000, Liege (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
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Multivariate approach in voltammetric identification and simultaneous determination of eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol on boron-doped diamond electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. A simple device for headspace sorptive extraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2019; 195:796-799. [PMID: 30625619 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A device for headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) combined with gas chromatography separation and mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) is presented. The gadget is based on a simple magnetic disk that permits the stir bar to be placed at the top of the sample vial. The complete surface of the coated stir bar is exposed to the headspace atmosphere, and the movement of the bar caused by the magnetic stirrer in the liquid sample facilitates the sorption process. The final consequence is increased sensitivity and repeatability when compared with a glass-made comercial device for the same purpose. Successful determination of ten chlorobenzenes in waters testifies the good performance of the new device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Cacho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - N Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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16
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David F, Ochiai N, Sandra P. Two decades of stir bar sorptive extraction: A retrospective and future outlook. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Asfaw AA, Aspromonte J, Wolfs K, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Overview of sample introduction techniques prior to GC for the analysis of volatiles in solid materials. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:214-225. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adissu Alemayehu Asfaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Pharmaceutical Analysis; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- College of Health Sciences; Department of Pharmacy; Mekelle University; Mekelle Ethiopia
| | - Juan Aspromonte
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Pharmaceutical Analysis; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Kris Wolfs
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Pharmaceutical Analysis; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Pharmaceutical Analysis; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Pharmaceutical Analysis; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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18
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Simple colorimetric method to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of different monoterpenes. Anal Biochem 2018; 555:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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da Costa ACV, Sousa JMB, Bezerra TKA, da Silva FLH, Pastore GM, da Silva MAAP, Madruga MS. Volatile profile of monofloral honeys produced in Brazilian semiarid region by stingless bees and key volatile compounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Extraction-free colorimetric determination of thymol and carvacrol isomers in essential oils by pH-dependent formation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:352. [PMID: 29968089 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An extraction-free method is described for the colorimetric determination of thymol (TY) and carvacrol (CA) isomers in essential oils by making use of the pH-dependent formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In solutions of pH 12, TY and CA form gold nanoparticles, while at pH ≤ 11 only CA does so. By taking advantage of this finding, two different approaches based on colorimetric assay (absorption at 550 nm) were developed: one at pH 12 for the determination of total CA and TY, and other at pH 9 and pH 12 for differential quantification of TY and CA. The former agrees with the well-established Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the latter provides a simple way for calculation of TY/CA ratio. The linear ranges are from 100 to 1000 μM at pH 9, and from 50 to 200 μM at pH 12. The limits of detection are 0.09 μM at pH 9, and 0.02 μM at pH 12. These features make this method simple, fast and reliable. Conceivably, it can be used to assess the quality of essential oils and may become a valuable alternative to more sophisticated, laborious and high time-consuming methods. Graphical abstract Schematic of the assay: At pH 12 (blue color), thymol and carvacrol form gold nanoparticles (Au), while at pH 9 (red color) only carvacrol does so. This finding resulted in a colorimetric method for the differential quantification of both compounds in essential oils.
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21
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Lee J, Shibamoto T, Ha J, Jang HW. Identification of volatile markers for the detection of adulterants in red ginseng (Panax ginseng) juice using headspace stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2903-2912. [PMID: 29797772 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Red ginseng (Panax ginseng) products are frequently adulterated by manufacturers with cheaper medicinal plant products including deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) and doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) to increase profits. To identify possible volatile markers for the adulteration of red ginseng juices with deodeok or doraji, a headspace stir-bar sorptive extraction method was developed. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and trans-2-hexen-1-ol are abundantly present in deodeok and doraji but not red ginseng. The peak area ratios in gas chromatograms of these compounds in red ginseng juices mixed with deodeok or doraji indicate that these volatile chemicals can be used as markers to detect the adulteration of red ginseng juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Takayuki Shibamoto
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jaeho Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Jang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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22
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Oller-Ruiz A, Viñas P, Campillo N, Fenoll J, Hernández-Córdoba M. Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry with Liquid Chromatography and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Monoterpenes in Alcoholic Drinks. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Jiménez-Salcedo M, Tena MT. Determination of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol in feedstuff additives by pressurized liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Escriche I, Sobrino-Gregorio L, Conchado A, Juan-Borrás M. Volatile profile in the accurate labelling of monofloral honey. The case of lavender and thyme honey. Food Chem 2017; 226:61-68. [PMID: 28254019 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of hybrid plant varieties without pollen, such as lavender, has complicated the classification of specific types of honey. This study evaluated the correlation between the proclaimed type of monofloral honey (lavender or thyme) as appears on the label with the actual percentage of pollen. In addition, physicochemical parameters, colour, olfacto-gustatory profile, and volatile compounds were tested. All of the samples labelled as lavender were wrongly classified according to the usual commercial criteria (minimum 10% of pollen Lavandula spp.). In the case of lavender honey, there was significant agreement between commercial labelling and classification through organoleptic perception (81.8%), and above all between the commercial labelling and the volatile compounds (90.9%). For thyme honey, agreement for both parameters was 90.0%. These results offer compelling evidence that the volatile compounds are useful for the classification of lavender honey with low levels of pollen since this technique agrees well with the organoleptic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Escriche
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lara Sobrino-Gregorio
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Conchado
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicada y Calidad, Centro de Gestión de la Calidad y del Cambio, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Juan-Borrás
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
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25
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Gutierrez-Villagomez JM, Vázquez-Martínez J, Ramírez-Chávez E, Molina-Torres J, Trudeau VL. Analysis of naphthenic acid mixtures as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives by gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 162:440-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Serrano de la Hoz K, Salinas MR, Ferrandino A. Different coatings for the HS-SBSE grape volatile analysis in model solution: Preliminary results. Food Chem 2016; 212:814-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with GC/MS applied to honey: optimization of method and comparative study with headspace extraction techniques. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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George MJ, Marjanovic L, Williams DBG. Solvent-Assisted Headspace Sampling Using Solid Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Phenols in Water. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9559-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosotho J. George
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho
| | - Ljiljana Marjanovic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
| | - D. Bradley G. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield
Rd., Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
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