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Mok S, Lee S, Choi Y, Jeon J, Kim YH, Moon HB. Target and non-target analyses of neutral per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from fluorochemical industries using GC-MS/MS and GC-TOF: Insights on their environmental fate. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108311. [PMID: 37988936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a key issue of concern in global environmental studies. In this study, air, sediment, and wastewater samples were collected from areas in and/or surrounded by fluorochemical-related industrial facilities to characterize the contamination profiles of neutral and novel PFAS (n-PFAS) using a gas chromatograph-based target and non-target analyses. Fluorotelomer alcohols were predominant in the samples, accounting for 80 % of the n-PFAS, followed by fluorotelomer acrylates. Air samples collected proximate to the durable water repellent (DWR) facility had the highest concentration of n-PFAS, which was approximately two orders of magnitude higher than those found in others. Non-target analysis identified fluorotelomer iodides and fluorotelomer methacrylate in multiple matrices near DWR facilities, indicating significant contamination of n-PFAS. Levels of both C6- and C8-based PFAS reflected a shift in usage patterns from C8- to C6-based fluorochemicals. Matrix-dependent profiles of n-PFAS revealed that shorter-chain (e.g., C6) and longer-chain (>C8) PFAS were predominant in air and sediment, respectively, implying that air and sediment are mobile and secondary sources of PFAS. Untreated and treated industrial wastewater also contained n-PFAS and their transformation products. The findings shed light on our understanding of the multi-matrix distribution and transport of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sori Mok
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Choi
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Chemical Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Yu XY, Yang C, Gao J, Xiong J, Sui X, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Son J. Molecular detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 11:1253685. [PMID: 37867995 PMCID: PMC10587417 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1253685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is crucial in environmental mitigation and remediation of these persistent pollutants. We demonstrate that time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a viable technique to analyze and identify these substances at parts per trillion (ppt) level in real field samples without complicated sample preparation due to its superior surface sensitivity. Several representative PFAS compounds, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and real-world groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed around at a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Southern California were analyzed in this work. ToF-SIMS spectral comparison depicts sensitive identification of pseudo-molecular ions, characteristic of reference PFASs. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) shows clear discrimination among real samples and reference compounds. Our results show that characteristic molecular ion and fragments peaks can be used to identify PFASs. Furthermore, SIMS two-dimensional (2D) images directly exhibit the distribution of perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) and PFOS in simulated mixtures and real wastewater samples. Such findings indicate that ToF-SIMS is useable to determine PFAS compounds in complex environmental water samples. In conclusion, ToF-SIMS provides simple sample preparation and high sensitivity in mass spectral imaging, offering an alternative solution for environmental forensic analysis of PFASs in wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Cuiyun Yang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jun Gao
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - John Xiong
- Haley & Aldrich Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, United States
| | - Xiao Sui
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lirong Zhong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jiyoung Son
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, United States
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Habib A, Landa EN, Holbrook KL, Walker WS, Lee WY. Rapid, efficient, and green analytical technique for determination of fluorotelomer alcohol in water by stir bar sorptive extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139439. [PMID: 37429381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are one of the major classes of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Due to their potential toxicity, persistence, and ubiquitous presence in the environment, some common PFAS are voluntarily phased out; while FTOHs are used as alternatives to conventional PFAS. FTOHs are precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and therefore they are commonly detected in water matrices, which eventually indicate PFAS contamination in drinking water supplies and thus a potential source of human exposure. Even though studies have been conducted nationwide to evaluate the degree of FTOHs in the water environment, robust monitoring is lacking because of the unavailability of simple and sustainable analytical extraction and detection methods. To fill the gap, we developed and validated a simple, rapid, minimal solvent use, no clean-up, and sensitive method for the determination of FTOHs in water by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Three commonly detected FTOHs (6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, and 10:2 FTOH) were selected as the model compounds. Factors such as extraction time, stirring speed, solvent composition, salt addition, and pH were investigated to achieve optimal extraction efficiency. This "green chemistry" based extraction provided good sensitivity and precision with low method limits of detection ranging from 2.16 ng/L to 16.7 ng/L and with an extraction recovery ranging 55%-111%. The developed method were tested on tap water, brackish water, and wastewater influent and effluent. 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH were detected in two wastewater samples at 78.0 and 34.8 ng/L, respectively. This optimized SBSE-TD-GC-MS method will be a valuable alternative to investigate FTOHs in water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Noriega Landa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Kiana L Holbrook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - W Shane Walker
- Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Wen-Yee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Zhu CT, Huang KY, Zhou QL, Zhang XP, Wu GW, Peng HP, Deng HH, Chen W, Noreldeen HAA. Multi-excitation wavelength of gold nanocluster-based fluorescence sensor array for sulfonamides discrimination. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122138. [PMID: 36442343 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are widely used in many fields because of their advantages, including low price, wide antibacterial spectrum, and high stability. However, their accumulation in the human body leads to a variety of serious diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to design a convenient, effective, and sensitive method to detect SAs. Moreover, the fluorescence excitation spectrum has rich information characteristics, especially for the interaction between fluorophore and quencher via various mechanisms. However, the excitation wavelength-guided sensor array construction does not draw proper attention. To address these issues, we used BSA-AuNCs as a single probe to construct a sensor array for the detection of five SAs. The selected SAs showed different quenching effects on the fluorescence intensities of BSA-AuNCs. The changes in the fluorescence intensity at different excitation wavelengths (λ = 230, 250, and 280 nm) have been applied to construct our sensor array and address the distinguishability between the selected SAs. With helping of pattern recognition methods, five different SAs have been identified at three different concentrations. Additionally, qualitative analysis at different moral ratios and quantitative analysis at nanogram concentrations have been considered. Moreover, the proposed sensor array was successfully used to distinguish between different SAs in commercial milk with an accuracy of 100 %. This study provides a simple and powerful approach to SAs detection. Also, it shows a broad application prospect in the field of food and drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Qing-Lin Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Gang-Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hua-Ping Peng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Hao-Hua Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
| | - Hamada A A Noreldeen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part II: Current applications. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pellicer-Castell E, Belenguer-Sapiña C, El Haskouri J, Amorós P, Herrero-Martínez JM, Mauri-Aucejo AR. Iron-Doped Bimodal Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials as Sorbents for Solid-Phase Extraction of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Environmental Water Samples. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091441. [PMID: 35564150 PMCID: PMC9105103 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, sorbets based on UVM-7 mesoporous silica doped with Fe were synthesized and applied to solid-phase extraction of perfluoroalkyl substances from environmental water samples. These emerging pollutants were then determined by liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector. Thus, Fe-UVM-7 mesoporous silica materials with different contents of iron, as well as different pore sizes (by using alkyltrimethilamonium bromide surfactants with different organic tail lengths) were synthesized, and their structure was confirmed for the first time by transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. After comparison, Fe50-UVM-7-C12 was selected as the best material for analyte retention, and several extraction parameters were optimized regarding the loading and elution step. Once the method was developed and applied to real matrices, extraction efficiencies in the range of 61–110% were obtained for analytes with C8–C14 chain length, both perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. Likewise, limits of detection in the range of 3.0–8.1 ng L−1 were obtained for all target analytes. In the analysis of real well-water samples, no target compounds were detected. Spiked samples were analyzed in comparison to Oasis WAX cartridges, and statistically comparable results were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Pellicer-Castell
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (E.P.-C.); (C.B.-S.); (J.M.H.-M.)
| | - Carolina Belenguer-Sapiña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (E.P.-C.); (C.B.-S.); (J.M.H.-M.)
| | - Jamal El Haskouri
- Institute of Material Science (ICMUV), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (J.E.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Pedro Amorós
- Institute of Material Science (ICMUV), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (J.E.H.); (P.A.)
| | - José Manuel Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (E.P.-C.); (C.B.-S.); (J.M.H.-M.)
| | - Adela R. Mauri-Aucejo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (E.P.-C.); (C.B.-S.); (J.M.H.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Xia Y, Ou X, Zhao Y, Xia M, Chen D, Gao W. Facile Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide‐octahedral Mn
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Nanocomposites as a Platform for the Electrochemical Determination of Metronidazole and Sulfamonomethoxine. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Mu Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Lacorte S, Moyano E, Santos FJ. Analysis of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds in gull eggs by GC-HRMS using a novel atmospheric pressure photoionization source. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3421-3431. [PMID: 33728497 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, a new gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-APPI-HRMS) method combined with selective pressurized liquid extraction (sPLE) has been developed for the selective determination of Dechlorane Plus (DP) and its related compounds in gull egg samples used as a bioindicator of contamination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these compounds have been analyzed by GC-MS using atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Negative ion dopant-assisted APPI using vapors of diethyl ether and a source temperature of 250 °C provided high ionization efficiencies and mass spectra characterized by intense in-source fragment ions as well as the presence of molecular ion and characteristic cluster ions containing oxygen atoms in their chemical structure. This made it possible to improve the selectivity in the determination of these compounds compared to that obtained with traditional GC-MS ion sources. Under optimized conditions, the sPLE GC-APPI-HRMS (Orbitrap) method provided high recoveries (> 91%), good precisions (RSD% < 12%), and low method limits of detection (0.1-3.5 pg g-1 wet weight). The developed methodology has been applied to the determination of DP and related compounds in eggs of two gull species (L. michahellis and L. audouinii) from several Spanish protected areas. The results obtained showed significant differences in the DP concentration profiles in eggs from different gull breeding locations and between gull species of the same protected area. These results demonstrated the good performance of the GC-APPI-HRMS system to achieve a selective and sensitive determination of DP and related compounds in complex environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Ayala-Cabrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnacion Moyano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Niu Y, Liu J, Yang R, Zhang J, Shao B. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source as an advantageous technique for gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Safronova E, Parshina A, Kоlganova T, Yelnikova A, Bobreshova O, Pourcelly G, Yaroslavtsev A. Potentiometric multisensory system based on perfluorosulfonic acid membranes and carbon nanotubes for sulfacetamide determination in pharmaceuticals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Wen L, Liu L, Wang X, Wang ML, Lin JM, Zhao RS. Spherical mesoporous covalent organic framework as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the ultrasensitive determination of sulfonamides in food and water samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Harata K, Kitagawa S, Iiguni Y, Ohtani H, Ezaki T. Characterizing chain-end structures formed during initiation reactions of radical polymerization for MMA-St-BA terpolymer using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 2:e8691. [PMID: 31816659 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Analyzing polymer end groups using pyrolysis (Py) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in multi-component polymer samples is not an easy task because of the insufficient sensitivity, selectivity, and mass resolution of conventional Py-GC/MS systems. METHODS A new Py-GC/MS system using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source combined with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used for end-group analysis of a methyl methacrylate (MMA)-styrene (St)-butyl acrylate (BA) terpolymer (P (MMA-St-BA)), which was radically polymerized using 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) as an initiator. RESULTS Five possible pyrolyzates, comprising an AMBN fragment and a monomer unit, formed during the initiation reactions from one of the three types of end groups, were selectively detected and exclusively identified in their respective extracted ion chromatograms for molecule-related ions, such as M+ and [M + H]+ , with a narrow mass window of ±2 milli m/z units. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that Py-APCI-TOFMS is a powerful technique to characterize in detail the complex end groups in multi-component polymer samples, because of the soft ionization nature of APCI and the high mass resolution of TOFMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Harata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iiguni
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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Lipok C, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Development of an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Interface for GC-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:E3253. [PMID: 32708799 PMCID: PMC7397239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ion source as interface between a gas chromatograph (GC) and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) was developed. The influence of different ion source conditions, such as humidity, make-up gas flow, and the position of the GC column, were investigated and determined as main factors to increase sensitivity and repeatability of the system. For a performance test under real conditions, the new APCI ion source was used for the determination of plant protection products in commercially available coffee beans from Vietnam. The ionization behavior was investigated and the majority of the analytes were detected as [MH]+, [M]+∙, or as characteristic fragment ions, which have been assigned to ion source fragmentation. The developed GC-MS methods are based on tandem MS (MS/MS) and revealed for the plant protection products limits of detection (LOD) between 1 and 250 pg on column and relative standard derivations for all compounds < 16%. The used ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction yielded recovery rates of approximately 60 to 100%. Residues of herbicide methyl esters, organophosphorus compounds, and organonitrogen compounds have been detected in the analyzed coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver J. Schmitz
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Applied Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; (C.L.); (F.U.)
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A novel methodology for the determination of neutral perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water by gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionisation-high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1100:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ayala-Cabrera J, Moyano E, Santos F. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the determination of fluorotelomer olefins, fluorotelomer alcohols, perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides and sulfonamido-ethanols in water. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ateia M, Maroli A, Tharayil N, Karanfil T. The overlooked short- and ultrashort-chain poly- and perfluorinated substances: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:866-882. [PMID: 33395808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluorinated substances (PFAS) comprise more than 3000 individual compounds; nevertheless, most studies to date have focused mainly on the fate, transport and remediation of long-chain PFAS (C > 7). The main objective of this article is to provide the first critical review of the peer-reviewed studies on the analytical methods, occurrence, mobility, and treatment for ultra-short-chain PFAS (C = 2-3) and short-chain PFAS (C = 4-7). Previous studies frequently detected ultra-short-chain and short-chain PFAS in various types of aqueous environments including seas, oceans, rivers, surface/urban runoffs, drinking waters, groundwaters, rain/snow, and deep polar seas. Besides, the recent regulations and restrictions on the use of long-chain PFAS has resulted in a significant shift in the industry towards short-chain alternatives. However, our understanding of the environmental fate and remediation of these ultra-short-chain and short-chain PFAS is still fragmentary. We have also covered the handful studies involving the removal of ultra-short and short-chain PFAS and identified the future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Amith Maroli
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA.
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17
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Baeza Fonte AN, Rodríguez Castro G, Liva-Garrido M. Multi-residue analysis of sulfonamide antibiotics in honey samples by on-line solid phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1533477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alen-Nils Baeza Fonte
- Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - María Liva-Garrido
- Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
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18
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Ma X, Li S, Pang C, Xiong Y, Li J. A Cu(II)-anchored unzipped covalent triazine framework with peroxidase-mimicking properties for molecular imprinting-based electrochemiluminescent detection of sulfaquinoxaline. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:546. [PMID: 30426279 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a method of electrochemiluminescent quantitation of the antibiotic sulfaquinoxaline (SQX). It relies on the use of a molecularly imprinted polymer and a Cu(II)-anchored unzipped covalent triazine framework (UnZ-CCTF) with excellent dispersibility, electrical conductivity, and peroxidaze-like activity. The framework was prepared by unzipping a covalent triazine framework under retention of basic triazine units. It was morphologically and structurally characterized by a range of instrumental techniques. The excellent peroxidase-mimicking effect of UnZ-CCTF on the electrochemiluminescence of the luminol/H2O2 system was exploited to design an ultrasensitive SQX assay with a 1.0-20 pM detection range and a detection limit of 0.76 pM (at 3δ/m). The technique was used for SQX quantitation in spiked milk samples, achieving recoveries of 94.0-104.8%. Graphical abstract Scheme of the sulfaquinoxaline molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on Cu-anchored unzipped covalent triazine frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ma
- Analysis and Test Center of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products (Haikou) Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Test Center of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products (Haikou) Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Chaohai Pang
- Analysis and Test Center of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products (Haikou) Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yuhao Xiong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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19
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Gao PS, Guo Y, Li X, Wang X, Wang J, Qian F, Gu H, Zhang Z. Magnetic solid phase extraction of sulfonamides based on carboxylated magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1575:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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20
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Lorenzo M, Campo J, Picó Y. Analytical challenges to determine emerging persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Javier Santos F, Moyano E. Negative-ion atmospheric pressure ionisation of semi-volatile fluorinated compounds for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4913-4924. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Multi-class determination of undesirables in aquaculture samples by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: A novel approach for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Talanta 2017; 172:109-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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SUN TF, XIANG L, CHEN L, XIAO T, MO CH, LI YW, CAI QY, HU GC, HE DC. Research Progresses of Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in Environmental Water and Solid Samples. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Hu G, Sheng W, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang S. Quantum dot based multiplex fluorescence quenching immune chromatographic strips for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone residues in chicken samples. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dot based fluorescence quenching immune chromatographic strips for simultaneous determination of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Shijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Junping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
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25
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Geng D, Jogsten IE, Dunstan J, Hagberg J, Wang T, Ruzzin J, Rabasa-Lhoret R, van Bavel B. Gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Hu G, Sheng W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wu X, Wang S. Upconversion Nanoparticles and Monodispersed Magnetic Polystyrene Microsphere Based Fluorescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Sulfaquinoxaline in Animal-Derived Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3908-15. [PMID: 27134048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescence immunoassay for detecting sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) in animal-derived foods was developed using NaYF4:Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) conjugated with antibodies as fluorescence signal probes, and monodisperse magnetic polystyrene microspheres (MMPMs) modified with coating antigen as immune-sensing capture probes for trapping and separating the signal probes. Based on a competitive immunoassay format, the detection limit of the proposed method for detecting SQX was 0.1 μg L(-1) in buffer and 0.5 μg kg(-1) in food samples. The recoveries of SQX in spiked samples ranged from 69.80 to 133.00%, with coefficients of variation of 0.24-25.06%. The extraction procedure was fast, simple, and environmentally friendly, requiring no organic solvents. In particular, milk samples can be analyzed directly after simple dilution. This method has appealing properties, such as sensitive fluorescence response, a simple and fast extraction procedure, and environmental friendliness, and could be applied to detecting SQX in animal-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuening Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, China
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27
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Simultaneous determination of perfluoroalkyl iodides, perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer iodides and fluorotelomer acrylates and methacrylates in water and sediments using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1448:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Gas Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Pyrolysis Oil from German Brown Coal. Int J Anal Chem 2016; 2016:5960916. [PMID: 27066076 PMCID: PMC4811094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5960916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis oil from the slow pyrolysis of German brown coal from Schöningen, obtained at a temperature of 500°C, was separated and analyzed using hyphenation of gas chromatography with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source operated in negative ion mode and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-FT-ICR-MS). Development of this ultrahigh-resolving analysis method is described, that is, optimization of specific GC and APCI parameters and performed data processing. The advantages of GC-APCI-FT-ICR-MS hyphenation, for example, soft ionization, ultrahigh-resolving detection, and most important isomer separation, were demonstrated for the sample liquid. For instance, it was possible to separate and identify nine different propylphenol, ethylmethylphenol, and trimethylphenol isomers. Furthermore, homologous series of different acids, for example, alkyl and alkylene carboxylic acids, were verified, as well as homologous series of alkyl phenols, alkyl dihydroxy benzenes, and alkoxy alkyl phenols.
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