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Sousa DVM, Pereira FV, Boratto VHM, Orlando RM. Multiphase electroextraction as a simple and fast sample preparation alternative for the digital image determination of doxorubicin in saliva. Talanta 2023; 255:124242. [PMID: 36638654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring chemotherapeutic drugs in biological fluids is, in many cases, extremely important for dose adjustment, the maintenance of therapies, and the control of side effects. In this work, a method for determining the doxorubicin in saliva by digital image analysis (DIA) was optimised and validated. Images from a paper point were obtained using a conventional and cheap flatbed scanner at a 600 ppp resolution. The RGB data channels were obtained from the images in a region of 15 × 15 pixels around the sorbent vertex. The paper point was used as sorbent material in sample preparation using a multiphase electroextraction system. Following optimisation using a Doehlert experimental design, the method was able to simultaneously extract 66 samples in 20 min. The high selectivity of the electric field associated with the sorption capacity of the cellulosic material allowed the chemotherapy drug to be pre-concentrated and quantified in a range between 50 and 500 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.98). The method also exhibited adequate parameters (limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision) indicating its potential application in the monitoring of doxorubicin and similar drugs in saliva.
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, Simas RC, Chaves AR. ELECTROMEMBRANE EXTRACTION (EME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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3
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Skaalvik TG, Øiestad EL, Trones R, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hegstad S. Determination of psychoactive drugs in serum using conductive vial electromembrane extraction combined with UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1183:122926. [PMID: 34624684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conductive vial electromembrane extraction (EME) with prototype equipment was applied for the first time to extract lipophilic basic drugs from serum. With this equipment, traditional platinum electrodes were replaced with sample and acceptor vials made from a conductive polymer, making the electrodes fully integrated and disposable. EME was combined with UHPLC-MS/MS, and a method to determine selected psychoactive drugs (alimemazine, amitriptyline, atomoxetine, clomipramine, doxepin, duloxetine, fluvoxamine, levomepromazine, nortriptyline and trimipramine) and metabolites (desmethyl clomipramine and desmethyl doxepin) in serum was developed, optimized, and validated. Extractions were carried out with 50 V for 15 min from serum samples (100 µL) diluted 1:3 with formic acid (0.1% v/v), using 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the supported liquid membrane (SLM), and formic acid (0.1% v/v, 300 µL) as acceptor phase. Using conductive vial EME, the extraction of lipophilic drugs reached exhaustive or near-exhaustive conditions, with recoveries in the range 75-117%. The method demonstrated excellent accuracy and precision, with bias within ± 6%, and intra- and inter-day CVs ranging 0.9 - 6% and 2 - 6%, respectively. In addition, acceptor phases were completely free of glycerophosphocholines. EME-UHPLC-MS/MS was successfully applied in determination of psychoactive drugs in 30 patient samples, and the results were in agreement with the current hospital routine method at St. Olav University Hospital (Trondheim, Norway). Obtaining comparable results to well-established routine methods is highly important for future implementation of EME into routine laboratories. These results thus serve as motivation for further advancing the EME technology. Until now, EME has been carried out with laboratory-build equipment, and the introduction of commercially available standardized equipment is expected to have a positive impact on future research activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Gottenberg Skaalvik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Professor Brochs gate 6, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Trones
- Extraction Technologies Norway, Verkstedveien 29, 1424 Ski, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solfrid Hegstad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Professor Brochs gate 6, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
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Pourahadi A, Nojavan S, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Gel-electromembrane extraction of peptides: Determination of five hypothalamic agents in human plasma samples. Talanta 2020; 217:121025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Analysis of basic drugs in biological samples using dynamic single-interface hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with fast electromembrane extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mahdavi P, Nojavan S, Asadi S. Sugaring-out assisted electromembrane extraction of basic drugs from biological fluids: Improving the efficiency and stability of extraction system. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Pourahadi A, Farahani A, Hosseiny Davarani SS, Nojavan S, Tashakori C. Developing a miniaturized setup for in-tube simultaneous determination of three alkaloids using electromembrane extraction in combination with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3126-3133. [PMID: 31347772 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, electromembrane extraction was combined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry using a customized manifold for preconcentration and simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, and papaverine in water and human urine samples. Absorption spectra of the extracts were recorded inside the lumen of the hollow fiber using two fiber optics connected to a miniature spectrophotometer. Partial least squares regression was applied to resolve the overlapped spectra of the analytes. Performance of the model was validated by an independent test set. Central composite design was applied to optimize the extraction parameters. The optimized extraction conditions are as follows; supporting liquid membrane: 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether containing 15% v/v bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, applied voltage: 80 V, donor pH: 3.0, acceptor pH: 1.0, extraction time: 20 min. Finally, the optimized extraction method was validated for determination of the mentioned alkaloids in human urine samples. The method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.995) for all of the mentioned alkaloids. The limits of detection for morphine, codeine, and papaverine in diluted human urine were found to be 0.6, 1.1, and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively with acceptable relative standard deviations. Enrichment factors of 104, 108, and 102 were achieved for morphine, codeine, and papaverine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Pourahadi
- Department of Analytical and Pollutants Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farahani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical and Pollutants Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Camellia Tashakori
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Drouin N, Kubáň P, Rudaz S, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Schappler J. Electromembrane extraction: Overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Tabani H, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Recent developments in green membrane-based extraction techniques for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:244-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Fuchs D, Hidalgo CR, Ramos Payán M, Petersen NJ, Jensen H, Kutter JP, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Continuous electromembrane extraction coupled with mass spectrometry – Perspectives and challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 999:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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On-chip pulsed electromembrane extraction as a new concept for analysis of biological fluids in a small device. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1527:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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13
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Nojavan S, Sirani M, Asadi S. Investigation of the continuous flow of the sample solution on the performance of electromembrane extraction: Comparison with conventional procedure. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3889-3897. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nojavan
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahsa Sirani
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Sakine Asadi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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Direct coupling of electromembrane extraction to mass spectrometry - Advancing the probe functionality toward measurements of zwitterionic drug metabolites. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Complexation-mediated electromembrane extraction of highly polar basic drugs—a fundamental study with catecholamines in urine as model system. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4215-4223. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fashi A, Khanban F, Yaftian MR, Zamani A. The cooperative effect of reduced graphene oxide and Triton X-114 on the electromembrane microextraction efficiency of Pramipexole as a model analyte in urine samples. Talanta 2017; 162:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Kubáň P, Seip KF, Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Micro-electromembrane extraction using multiple free liquid membranes and acceptor solutions – Towards selective extractions of analytes based on their acid-base strength. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 943:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs via on-chip electromembrane extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 937:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Drouin N, Rudaz S, Schappler J. Dynamic-Electromembrane Extraction: A Technical Development for the Extraction of Neuropeptides. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5308-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Drouin
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard
d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard
d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julie Schappler
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard
d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Abstract
Sample preparation is a vital and inseparable part of an analytical procedure. This issue has motivated the analytical research community around the world to develop new, fast and cost-effective extraction methods which can eliminate interfering substances, provide high preconcentration factors and increase the determination sensitivity. Electrical field induced extraction technique is a topic that has received major attention in recent years. This fact can be attributed to the considerable advantages provided by imposition of an electrical driving force especially control of different properties of an extraction system such as selectivity, cleanup, rate and efficiency. In this review, focus is centered on the electrical field induced liquid phase extraction techniques and their potential for bioanalysis.
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