1
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Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xie H, Han D, Yan H. Recent advancements in the extraction and analysis of phthalate acid esters in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 463:141262. [PMID: 39298858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants present in food samples, necessitating accurate detection for risk assessment and remediation efforts. This review provides an updated overview of the recent progress on the PAEs analysis regarding sample pretreatment techniques and analytical methodologies over the latest decade. Advances in sample preparation include solid-based extraction techniques replacing conventional liquid-liquid extraction, with solid sorbents emerging as promising alternatives due to their minimal solvent consumption and enhanced selectivity. Although techniques like the microextraction methods offer versatility and reduced solvent reliance, there is a need for more efficient and environmentally friendly techniques enabling on-site portable detection. High-resolution mass spectrometry is increasingly utilized for its enhanced sensitivity and reduced contamination risks. However, challenges persist in developing in situ analytical techniques for trace PAEs in complex food samples. Future research should prioritize novel analytical techniques with superior sensitivity and selectivity, addressing current limitations to meet the demand for precise PAEs detection in diverse food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yangqing Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Freitas F, Cabrita MJ, da Silva MG. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Phthalates Esters in Two Important European Food Products: Olive Oil and Wine. Molecules 2023; 28:7628. [PMID: 38005350 PMCID: PMC10673500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of chemicals widely used as plasticizers. These compounds, considered toxic, do not bond to the polymeric matrix of plastic and can, therefore, migrate into the surrounding environment, posing a risk to human health. The primary source of human exposure is food, which can become contaminated during cultivation, production, and packaging. Therefore, it is imperative to control and regulate this exposure. This review covers the analytical methods used for their determination in two economically significant products: olive oil and wine. Additionally, it provides a summary and analysis of information regarding the characteristics, toxicity, effects on human health, and current regulations pertaining to PAEs in food. Various approaches for the extraction, purification, and quantification of these analytes are highlighted. Solvent and sorbent-based extraction techniques are reviewed, as are the chromatographic separation and other methods currently applied in the analysis of PAEs in wines and olive oils. The analysis of these contaminants is challenging due to the complexities of the matrices and the widespread presence of PAEs in analytical laboratories, demanding the implementation of appropriate strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Cabrita
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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3
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Qi M, Li Y, Zhu Z, Du B, Chen D. Current Sample Preparation Methods and Determination Techniques for the Determination of Phthalic Acid Ester Plasticizers in Edible Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:5106. [PMID: 37446766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of production, processing, transportation, and storage of edible oils, the oils inevitably come into contact with plastic products. As a result, plasticizers migrate into edible oils, are harmful to human health, and can exhibit reproductive toxicity. Therefore, the determination of plasticizers in edible oils is very important, and a series of sample preparation methods and determination techniques have been developed for the determination of plasticizers in edible oils. Phthalic acid ester (PAE) plasticizers are the most widely used among all plasticizers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sample preparation methods and detection techniques reported for the determination of PAEs in edible oils since 2010, focusing on sample preparation methods of edible oils combined with various separation-based analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with different detectors. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of these techniques as well as the prospective future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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4
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Li X, Sun CL, Xu Y, Shan SH, Zheng H, Guo XL, Hu JN. Construction of novel magnetic nanoparticles for enrichment of benzo(α)pyrene from edible oils followed by HPLC determination. Food Chem 2022; 386:132838. [PMID: 35509171 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for benzo(α)pyrene (Bαp) enrichment from an oil matrix was developed by using magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@dopamine/graphene oxide, Fe3O4@DA/GO) as extraction absorbents, and the chemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. Various parameters were investigated to optimize the extraction of Bαp from oils. Under optimal conditions (pH, 4; extraction time, 0.5 min; elution solvent, 1 mL; absorbent weight, 20 mg; elution time, 0.5 min), these nanoparticles showed excellent abilities to enrich Bαp from the saponified oil solution and were easily separated by a magnet. High-performance liquid chromatography plus fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was then applied to determine the Bαp content with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999). The detection limit was 0.13 µg/kg, while the limit of quantification was 0.42 µg/kg. The spiked recoveries of Bαp in oils ranged from 73.5% to 121%. Compared with previous reports, the proposed method displayed many advantages, including a high efficiency of oil matrix removal, short extraction time, and convenient extraction procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chang-Ling Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shi-Hui Shan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Han Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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5
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhao G. A highly sensitive and group-targeting aptasensor for total phthalate determination in the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125174. [PMID: 33524734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the most widely used and typical kind of plasticizers, phthalate esters (PAEs) have become one of the most common environmental pollutants in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid and convenient method for determining the total amount of PAEs. Herein, a molecularly tailored broad-spectrum aptamer that can recognize multiple similarly structured total amounts of PAEs (TP) and bind them with high affinity has been successfully fabricated. Mfold (multiple folding) secondary structure simulation and molecular truncation were both utilized to obtain the most effective binding region from the parental full-length (39-mer) aptamer. The results show that the PAE-binding affinity of the truncated 24-mer aptamer produced by removing nonessential flanking nucleotides was improved by 1.5-fold. The linear range of TP detection is 0.003-10 μg/L, and the limit of detection is 1 ng/L. Notably, our study provides new insights into the group-targeting identification of certain pollutants and determination of their total amounts, exhibiting great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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6
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Ren Y, Xiang P, Xie Q, Yang H, Liu S. Rapid analysis of forchlorfenuron in fruits using molecular complex-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:637-645. [PMID: 33721551 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1876250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The main sample preparation method for analysis of pesticide residues in fruits is QuEChERS. In this study, a novel sample preparation method using molecular complex-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is introduced with detection of forchlorfenuron by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Sample treatment involves initial extraction of a 5 g sample with 3 mL acetonitrile, and then the selective concentration of the analyte is performed using 150 µL tributyl phosphate by forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the analyte. The extraction mechanism was proved using ATR-FTIR. Under the optimised conditions, recovery rates varied between 88% and 107% for various sample matrices spiked at three levels in the range 0.01-0.1 mg kg-1. Intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities were in the ranges of 2.2-8.0% and 1.6-9.5%, respectively. Detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.33 µg kg-1 and 1.09 µg kg-1 for diode-array detection; 0.01 µg kg-1 and 0.04 µg kg-1 for tandem mass spectrometry detection. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of 149 various fruits. The analyte was found in 4 of the 149 samples and the contents were not over the specific maximum residue limit established by domestic and international regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Ren
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ping Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qilong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixiu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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7
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Delove Tegladza I, Qi T, Chen T, Alorku K, Tang S, Shen W, Kong D, Yuan A, Liu J, Lee HK. Direct immersion single-drop microextraction of semi-volatile organic compounds in environmental samples: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122403. [PMID: 32126428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-drop microextraction (SDME) techniques are efficient approaches to pretreatment of aqueous samples. The main advantage of SDME lies in the miniaturization of the solvent extraction process, minimizing the hazards associated with the use of toxic organic solvents. Thus, SDME techniques are cost-effective, and represent less harm to the environment, subscribing to green analytical chemistry principles. In practice, two main approaches can be used to perform SDME - direct immersion (DI)-SDME and headspace (HS)-SDME. Even though the DI-SDME has been shown to be quite effective for extraction and enrichment of various organic compounds, applications of DI-SDME are normally more suitable for moderately polar and non-polar semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) using organic solvents which are immiscible with water. In this review, we present a historical overview and current advances in DI-SDME, including the common analytical tools which are usually coupled with DI-SDME. The review also focuses on applications concerning SVOCs in environmental samples. Currents trends in DI-SDME and possible future direction of the procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Delove Tegladza
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tong Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kingdom Alorku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Dezhao Kong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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8
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Xie Q, Cao J, Sun D, Lu H, Xia M, Hou B, Li D, Jia L. Determination of aqueous bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A using molecular-complex-based liquid-liquid microextraction. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Luo Q, Liu ZH, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Zhu NW, Lin Z, Liu Y. Global review of phthalates in edible oil: An emerging and nonnegligible exposure source to human. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135369. [PMID: 31812395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the presence of seven major phthalates in nine different kinds of edible oils (i.e. olive, rapeseed, peanut, sesame, tea seed, corn, soybean, sunflower, and blended oil) and their potential impacts on human. The respective total average phthalates concentrations in the oils studied were found to be 6.01, 2.79, 2.63, 2.03, 1.73, 1.66, 1.57, 1.26, and 0.72 mg/kg. On the other hand, the seven main phthalates in the edible oils with the average concentration ranked from high to low were in order of DiNP, DEHP, DiDP, DBP, DiBP, DEP, and BBP, with 0.90, 0.81, 0.79, 0.71, 0.22, 0.17, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated maximum human daily intakes (EDI) of DEHP, DBP, DiBP, DiNP, BBP, DEP, and DiDP via edible oils were determined to be 552, 2996, 121, 356, 268, 66, and 563 μg/p/d, respectively. It was further revealed that the maximum human EDI of DEHP, DBP, BBP, and DiBP through consumption of edible oils were 2.92, 6.79, 1.24, and 1.06 times higher than those via bottled water. The calculated average estrogenic equivalence (EEQ) values of the seven major phthalates in edible oils fell into the range of 2.7-958.1 ng E2/L, which were 45-396 times of those in bottled water. With published works, the complete distributions of 15 phthalates in nine kinds of edible oils were established and assessed for the health risks based on EDI and EEQ. This work provided the first evidence that edible oil is a potential source of phthalates, thus the potential adverse estrogenic effects on human health should need to be assessed in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng-Wu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech one, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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10
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Basheer C, Kamran M, Ashraf M, Lee HK. Enhancing liquid-phase microextraction efficiency through chemical reactions. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Metarwiwinit S, Mukdasai S, Poonsawat C, Srijaranai S. A simple dispersive-micro-solid phase extraction based on a colloidal silica sorbent for the spectrophotometric determination of Fe(ii) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a simplified dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (d-μ-SPE) using silica sol as the sorbent for the preconcentration of ferrous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Metarwiwinit
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | - S. Mukdasai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | - C. Poonsawat
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | - S. Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen
- Thailand
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He F, Tian Y, Xu Z, Luo L, Yang J, Wang H, Sun Y, Du Q, Shen Y. Development of an immunochromatographic assay as a screen for detection of total phthalate acid esters in cooking oil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:80-88. [PMID: 29279017 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1414023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) contamination raised concerns as a result of migration from food packaging and environmental exposure. Because of the adverse effects of PAE reported in humans, the aim of this study was to examine the ability to screen for the detection these chemicals as an indicator of potential exposure. Too develop a sensitive screening test to determine PAE, a specific polyclonal antibody against phthalic acid (PA), the hydrolysate of PAEs, was used as a marker of total PAEs. This method involved the use of 4-aminophthalic acid (APA) as an immunizing hapten to generate antibody. Subsequently, this antibody conjugated with labeled gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was then used to develop an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for visually detecting PA. After establishing optimal assay conditions, the ICA strip detected visually PA at 3 μg/ml rapidly in less than 5 min. Further, this assay exhibited reliable specificity for PA with no apparent cross-reactivity with structurally related PAEs. A significant correlation between data obtained with the ICA strip and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was achieved using cooking oils as model spiked samples. The proposed use of ICA offers an effective tool for rapid on-site screening for total PAEs in cooking oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Luo
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong Wang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qingfeng Du
- c Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University , Foshan , China
| | - Yudong Shen
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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13
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Liu L, Wang Z, Zhao S, Duan J, Tao H, Wang W, Liu S. Determination of total phthalate in cosmetics using a simple three-phase sample preparation method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1323-1331. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Cao G, Ruan D, Chen Z, Hong Y, Cai Z. Recent developments and applications of mass spectrometry for the quality and safety assessment of cooking oil. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Wang J, Liu L, Shi L, Yi T, Wen Y, Wang J, Liu S. Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase-transfer-catalyst-assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:480-487. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Laping Liu
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Ludi Shi
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Tingquan Yi
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuxia Wen
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Juanli Wang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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