1
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Urdiain-Arraiza J, Desguin B. Versatile capillary electrophoresis method for the direct chiral separation of aliphatic and aromatic α-hydroxy acids, β-hydroxy acids and polyhydroxy acids using vancomycin as chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464611. [PMID: 38181629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxy acids (HAs) are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in various industrial and biological processes. Most HAs harbor at least one chiral center, therefore the development of efficient chiral analysis techniques for HA stereoisomers is of crucial importance across a wide range of fields. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the chiral analysis and quantification of aliphatic and aromatic α‑hydroxy acid (AHA) enantiomers, aliphatic β‑hydroxy acid (BHA) enantiomers and aliphatic polyhydroxy acid (PHA) stereoisomers. Using a modified partial filling-counter current method with indirect UV detection, high resolution (Rs) was achieved with vancomycin as a chiral selector added to the background electrolyte composed of 10 mM of benzoic acid/L-histidine at pH 5 using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary. This method could be readily applied to the determination of the enantiomers of 12 aliphatic AHAs, 4 aromatic AHAs, 3 aliphatic BHAs, as well as to the determination of the stereoisomers of tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanoic acid, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid without the need for sample derivatization. Finally, our study provides a robust and versatile strategy for the chiral and stereoselective analysis of a broad range of hydroxy acid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Urdiain-Arraiza
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benoît Desguin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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2
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Tensi L, Dall’Anese A, Annunziata A, Mearini S, Nofrini V, Menendez Rodriguez G, Carotti A, Sardella R, Ruffo F, Macchioni A. Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Iridium Complexes Bearing Carbohydrate Functionalized Pyridincarboxamide Ligands and Their Application as Catalysts in the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α-Ketoacids in Water. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Annunziata
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Simone Mearini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Nofrini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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3
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Lin P, Crooks DR, Linehan WM, Fan TWM, Lane AN. Resolving Enantiomers of 2-Hydroxy Acids by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12286-12291. [PMID: 36040304 PMCID: PMC9539631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biologically important 2-hydroxy carboxylates such as lactate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate exist in two enantiomeric forms that cannot be distinguished under achiral conditions. The D and L (or R, S) enantiomers have different biological origins and functions, and therefore, there is a need for a simple method for resolving, identifying, and quantifying these enantiomers. We have adapted and improved a chiral derivatization technique for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which needs no chromatography for enantiomer resolution, with greater than 90% overall recovery. This method was developed for 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) to produce diastereomers resolvable by column chromatography. We have applied the method to lactate, malate, and 2HG. The limit of quantification was determined to be about 1 nmol for 2HG with coefficients of variation of less than 5%. We also demonstrated the method on an extract of a renal carcinoma bearing an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) variant that produces copious quantities of 2HG and showed that it is the D enantiomer that was exclusively produced. We also demonstrated in the same experiment that the lactate produced in the same sample was the L enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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4
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OHTAWA T, TSUNODA M. Enantiomeric Separation of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Using Chiral Mobile Phase Additives. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2021.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma OHTAWA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Makoto TSUNODA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
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5
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Calderón C, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114430. [PMID: 34757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics strives to capture the entirety of the metabolites in a biological system by comprehensive analysis, often by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. A particular challenge thereby is the differentiation of structural isomers. Common achiral targeted and untargeted assays do not distinguish between enantiomers. This may lead to information loss. An increasing number of publications demonstrate that the enantiomeric ratio of certain metabolites can be meaningful biomarkers of certain diseases emphasizing the importance of introducing enantioselective analytical procedures in metabolomics. In this work, the state-of-the-art in the field of LC-MS based metabolomics is summarized with focus on developments in the recent decade. Methodologies, tagging strategies, workflows and general concepts are outlined. Selected biological applications in which enantioselective metabolomics has documented its usefulness are briefly discussed. In general, targeted enantioselective metabolomics assays are often based on a direct approach using chiral stationary phases (CSP) with polysaccharide derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, chiral crown ethers, chiral ion exchangers, donor-acceptor phases as chiral selectors. Rarely, these targeted assays focus on more than 20 analytes and usually are restricted to a certain metabolite class. In a variety of cases, pre-column derivatization of metabolites has been performed, especially for amino acids, to improve separation and detection sensitivity. Triple quadrupole instruments are the detection methods of first choice in targeted assays. Here, issues like matrix effect, absence of blank matrix impair accuracy of results. In selected applications, multiple heart cutting 2D-LC (RP followed by chiral separation) has been pursued to overcome this problem and alleviate bias due to interferences. Non-targeted assays, on the other hand, are based on indirect approach involving tagging with a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA). Besides classical CDAs numerous innovative reagents and workflows have been proposed and are discussed. Thereby, a critical issue for the accuracy is often neglected, viz. the validation of the enantiomeric impurity in the CDA. The majority of applications focus on amino acids, hydroxy acids, oxidized fatty acids and oxylipins. Some potential clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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6
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A D-2-hydroxyglutarate biosensor based on specific transcriptional regulator DhdR. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7108. [PMID: 34876568 PMCID: PMC8651671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
D-2-Hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) is a metabolite involved in many physiological metabolic processes. When D-2-HG is aberrantly accumulated due to mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase or D-2-HG dehydrogenase, it functions in a pro-oncogenic manner and is thus considered a therapeutic target and biomarker in many cancers. In this study, DhdR from Achromobacter denitrificans NBRC 15125 is identified as an allosteric transcriptional factor that negatively regulates D-2-HG dehydrogenase expression and responds to the presence of D-2-HG. Based on the allosteric effect of DhdR, a D-2-HG biosensor is developed by combining DhdR with amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) technology. The biosensor is able to detect D-2-HG in serum, urine, and cell culture medium with high specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, this biosensor is used to identify the role of D-2-HG metabolism in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, demonstrating its broad usages.
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7
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Efficient enantioresolution of aromatic α-hydroxy acids with Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic stationary phases and volatile polar-ionic eluents. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338928. [PMID: 34538320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single enantiomers of mandelic acid (1), 3-phenyllactic acid (2), and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (3) are the subject of many fields of investigation, spanning from the pharmaceutical synthesis to that of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, while passing from the interest towards their antimicrobial activity to their role as biomarkers of particular pathological conditions or occupational exposures to specific xenobiotics. All above mentioned issues justify the need for accurate analytical methods enabling the correct determination of the individual enantiomers. So far, all the developed liquid chromatography (LC) methods were not or hardly compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) detection. In this paper, a commercially available Cinchona-alkaloid derivative zwitterionic chiral stationary phase [that is, the CHIRALPAK® ZWIX(-)] was successfully used to optimize the enantioresolution of compounds 1-3 under polar-ionic (PI) conditions with a mobile phase consisting of an acetonitrile/methanol 95/5 (v/v) mixture with 80 mM formic acid. With the optimized conditions, enantioseparation and enantioresolution values up to 1.46 and 4.41, respectively, were obtained. In order to assess the applicability of the optimized enantioselective chromatography conditions in real-life scenarios and on MS-based systems, a proof-of-concept application was efficiently carried out by analysing dry urine spot samples spiked with 1 by means of a LC-MS system. The (S)<(R) enantiomer elution order (EEO) was established for compounds 1 and 2 by analysing a pure enantiomeric standard of known configuration. This was not possible for 3 because not commercially available. For this compound, the same EEO was identified applying a procedure based on ab initio time-dependent density-functional theory simulations coupled to electronic circular dichroism analyses. Moreover, a molecular dynamics simulation unveiled the role of the phenolic OH in compound 3 in the retention mechanism.
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8
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Kang Z, Zhang M, Gao K, Zhang W, Meng W, Liu Y, Xiao D, Guo S, Ma C, Gao C, Xu P. An L-2-hydroxyglutarate biosensor based on specific transcriptional regulator LhgR. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3619. [PMID: 34131130 PMCID: PMC8206213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
l-2-Hydroxyglutarate (l-2-HG) plays important roles in diverse physiological processes, such as carbon starvation response, tumorigenesis, and hypoxic adaptation. Despite its importance and intensively studied metabolism, regulation of l-2-HG metabolism remains poorly understood and none of regulator specifically responded to l-2-HG has been identified. Based on bacterial genomic neighborhood analysis of the gene encoding l-2-HG oxidase (LhgO), LhgR, which represses the transcription of lhgO in Pseudomonas putida W619, is identified in this study. LhgR is demonstrated to recognize l-2-HG as its specific effector molecule, and this allosteric transcription factor is then used as a biorecognition element to construct an l-2-HG-sensing FRET sensor. The l-2-HG sensor is able to conveniently monitor the concentrations of l-2-HG in various biological samples. In addition to bacterial l-2-HG generation during carbon starvation, biological function of the l-2-HG dehydrogenase and hypoxia induced l-2-HG accumulation are also revealed by using the l-2-HG sensor in human cells. L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG) is an important metabolite but its regulation is poorly understood. Here the authors report an L-2-HG FRET biosensor based on the allosteric transcription factor, LhgR, to monitor L-2-HG in cells and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Impurity profiling of siRNA by two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with quinine carbamate anion-exchanger and ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462065. [PMID: 33780886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A short RNA with the sequence of the antisense strand of Patisiran has been selected as test material for the investigation of its common impurities using three different two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) platforms. On the one hand, a quinine (QN) carbamate-based weak anion-exchange (AX) stationary phase (QN-AX) and a classical C18 reversed phase (RP) stationary phase in ion-pair (IP) mode with tripropylammonium acetate, respectively, have been used in the first dimension (1D) to provide the selectivity for impurities formed during the synthesis of the RNA. In the next step, certain peaks of interest from 1D have been transferred by multiple-heart-cutting (MHC) into a 2D in which an ESI-MS-compatible non-ionpairing RP method has been used for desalting via a diverter valve to remove non-volatile phosphate buffer components and ion-pair agents, respectively. Thus, a sensitive electrospray-ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) analysis of resolved impurity peaks of the siRNA has become possible under MS-friendly conditions. With both 2D-LC setups, peak purity of the ON has been evaluated by selective comprehensive (high resolution) sampling of the main peak. In a third MHC 2D-LC approach, the QN-AX LC mode was online coupled with the IP-RPLC in the 2D using UV detection. It allows the separation of additional impurities which coeluted in the first dimension. The potential of these methods for comprehensive impurity profiling of ON therapeutics is illustrated and discussed.
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10
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Measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate enantiomers in serum by chiral gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application as a biomarker for IDH mutant gliomas. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Liu S, Fu X, Löffler R, Lämmerhofer M. In-situ photopolymerized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-derived monolithic capillary columns with quinidine functionality for enantioseparation by nano-liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:3132-3139. [PMID: 31591731 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The successful fabrication of monolithic capillary columns for enantiomer separations was achieved within vinylized fused silica capillaries via fast "one-pot" photo-initiated free radical polymerization reaction. A mixture consisting of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, O-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl]-10,11-dihydroquinidine was copolymerized in the presence of n-butanol, ethylene glycol and photo-initiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone. The morphology of the resultant polymeric hybrid inorganic-organic material and its permeability as well as porosity can be controlled by adjusting the composition of the monomers and binary porogenic solvent. The chromatographic characteristics of the columns have been investigated. Separation factors of N-acetyl-phenylalanine (Ac-Phe) and dichlorprop dropped with decrease of chiral functional monomer. Permeability was better when the macroporogen ethyleneglycol was present at higher concentrations during the polymerization. In general, the chiral compounds were well separated (dichlorprop: α = 1.53, Rs up to 4.14; Ac-Phe: α = 1.36, Rs up to 2.69) by nano-HPLC with an optimized enantioselective monolithic capillary column which can be prepared within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xinyue Fu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronny Löffler
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Zhao L, Chen F, Guo F, Liu W, Liu K. Enantioseparation of chiral perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC): Effects of the chromatographic conditions and separation mechanism. Chirality 2019; 31:870-878. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California
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13
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Horak J, Lämmerhofer M. Stereoselective separation of underivatized and 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate derivatized amino acids using zwitterionic quinine and quinidine type stationary phases by liquid chromatography–High resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Ma S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Ou J, Wei Y, Ye M. One-step fabrication of cinchona-based hybrid monolithic chiral stationary phases via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization for cLC enantioseparation. Talanta 2019; 198:432-439. [PMID: 30876583 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although various click polymerization reactions (thiol-ene, thiol-yne, thiol-Michael, thiol-epoxy and amine-epoxy) have been utilized to prepare either hybrid or organic monolithic columns with homogeneous network structures, there were few reports on fabrication of monolithic CSPs via click polymerization. Herein, a fast and robust approach was explored to fabricate cinchona-based monolithic hybrid CSPs via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization within 10 min in one step. A self-synthesized octakis(3-mercaptopropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-SH) was polymerized with phenylisocyanate cinchonidine (PCD) and (+)-N,N'-diallyl-L-tartardiamide (DATDA) or 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane (TVCH). The resulting two kinds of as-synthesized monolithic CSPs, poly(POSS-co-DATDA-co-PCD) and poly(POSS-co-TVCH-co-PCD), were evaluated for cLC enantioseparation of acidic racemates. It was found that they exhibited different enantioseparation ability due to using different multivinyl crosslinkers. The influence of ACN content in mobile phase on the enantioseparation of acidic racemates was investigated. The separation mechanism was also discussed on the basis of a comparison of enantioseparation on two kinds of hybrid monolithic CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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15
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Ilisz I, Bajtai A, Péter A, Lindner W. Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phases Applied for Liquid Chromatographic Enantiomer Separations: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:251-277. [PMID: 31069739 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For the early 2000s, chromatographic methods applying chiral stationary phases (CSPs) became the most effective techniques for the resolution of chiral compounds on both analytical and preparative scales. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employing various types of chiral selectors covalently bonded to silica-based supports offers a state-of-the-art methodology for "chiral analysis." Although a large number of CSPs are available nowadays, the design and development of new "chiral columns" are still needed since it is obvious that in practice one needs a good portfolio of different columns to face the challenging task of enantiomeric resolutions. The development of the unique chiral anion, cation, and zwitterion exchangers achieved by Lindner and his partners serves as an expansion of the range of the efficiently applicable CSPs.In this context this overview chapter discusses and summarizes direct enantiomer separations of chiral acids and ampholytes applying zwitterionic ion exchangers derived from Cinchona alkaloids. Our aim is to provide comprehensive information on practical solutions with focus on the molecular recognition and methodological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Ilisz I, Bajtai A, Lindner W, Péter A. Liquid chromatographic enantiomer separations applying chiral ion-exchangers based on Cinchona alkaloids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:127-152. [PMID: 29980014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the understanding of the various biological actions of compounds with different stereochemistry has grown, the necessity to develop methods for the analytical qualification and quantification of chiral products has become particularly important. The last quarter of the century has seen a vast growth of diverse chiral technologies, including stereocontrolled synthesis and enantioselective separation and analysis concepts. By the introduction of covalently bonded silica-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), the so-called direct liquid chromatographic (LC) methods of enantiomer separation became the state-of-the-art methodology. Although a large number of CSPs is available nowadays, the design and development of new chiral selectors and CSPs are still needed since it is obvious that in practice one needs a good portfolio of different CSPs and focused "chiral columns" to tackle the challenging tasks. This review discusses and summarizes direct enantiomer separations of chiral acids and ampholytes applying anionic and zwitterionic ion-exchangers derived from Cinchona alkaloids with emphasis on literature data published in the last 10 years. Our aim is to provide an overview of practical solutions, while focusing on the integration of molecular recognition and methodological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 83, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Ding X, Lin S, Weng H, Liang J. Separation and determination of the enantiomers of lactic acid and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid by chiral derivatization combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2576-2584. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shuhai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jianying Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
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18
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Tang X, Nie D, Tang G, Sun A, Xiong Y, Ma H, Wen F, Hu P. Radiosynthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of the 2-[18F]fluoropropionic acid enantiomers for tumor PET imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Calderón C, Santi C, Lämmerhofer M. Chiral separation of disease biomarkers with 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid structure. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:1224-1231. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Cristina Santi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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20
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Highly selective tryptophan enantiomers electrochemical chiral sensor based on poly-lysine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Collins RRJ, Patel K, Putnam WC, Kapur P, Rakheja D. Oncometabolites: A New Paradigm for Oncology, Metabolism, and the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1812-1820. [PMID: 29038145 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.267666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric clinical laboratories commonly measure tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of specific inborn errors of metabolism, such as organic acidurias. In the past decade, the same tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites have been implicated and studied in cancer. The accumulation of these metabolites in certain cancers not only serves as a biomarker but also directly contributes to cellular transformation, therefore earning them the designation of oncometabolites. CONTENT D-2-hydroxyglutarate, L-2-hydroxyglutarate, succinate, and fumarate are the currently recognized oncometabolites. They are structurally similar and share metabolic proximity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a result, they promote tumorigenesis in cancer cells through similar mechanisms. This review summarizes the currently understood common and distinct biological features of these compounds. In addition, we will review the current laboratory methodologies that can be used to quantify these metabolites and their downstream targets. SUMMARY Oncometabolites play an important role in cancer biology. The metabolic pathways that lead to the production of oncometabolites and the downstream signaling pathways that are activated by oncometabolites represent potential therapeutic targets. Clinical laboratories have a critical role to play in the management of oncometabolite-associated cancers through development and validation of sensitive and specific assays that measure oncometabolites and their downstream effectors. These assays can be used as screening tools and for follow-up to measure response to treatment, as well as to detect minimal residual disease and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R J Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - William C Putnam
- Office of Clinical and Translational Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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22
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Pandey R, Caflisch L, Lodi A, Brenner AJ, Tiziani S. Metabolomic signature of brain cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2355-2371. [PMID: 28618012 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgery and adjuvant therapy, brain tumors represent one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality and morbidity in both adults and children. Gliomas constitute about 60% of all cerebral tumors, showing varying degrees of malignancy. They are difficult to treat due to dismal prognosis and limited therapeutics. Metabolomics is the untargeted and targeted analyses of endogenous and exogenous small molecules, which charact erizes the phenotype of an individual. This emerging "omics" science provides functional readouts of cellular activity that contribute greatly to the understanding of cancer biology including brain tumor biology. Metabolites are highly informative as a direct signature of biochemical activity; therefore, metabolite profiling has become a promising approach for clinical diagnostics and prognostics. The metabolic alterations are well-recognized as one of the key hallmarks in monitoring disease progression, therapy, and revealing new molecular targets for effective therapeutic intervention. Taking advantage of the latest high-throughput analytical technologies, that is, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), metabolomics is now a promising field for precision medicine and drug discovery. In the present report, we review the application of metabolomics and in vivo metabolic profiling in the context of adult gliomas and paediatric brain tumors. Analytical platforms such as high-resolution (HR) NMR, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and high- and low-resolution MS are discussed. Moreover, the relevance of metabolic studies in the development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of gliomas are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Pandey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura Caflisch
- Department of Hematology and Medical oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Department of Hematology and Medical oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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23
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Calderón C, Lämmerhofer M. Chiral separation of short chain aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids on cinchonan carbamate-based weak chiral anion exchangers and zwitterionic chiral ion exchangers. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:194-200. [PMID: 28139228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral short chain aliphatic hydrocarboxylic acids (HCAs) are common compounds being part of different biological processes. In order to control and understand these processes is of pivotal importance to determine the identity of the involved enantiomer or their enantiomeric ratio. In this study the capacity of quinine- and quinidine-derived chiral stationary phases to perform the enantioseparation of eight chiral HCAs (tartaric acid, isocitric acid, malic acid, glyceric acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid) was evaluated. MS-compatible conditions consisting of ACN/MeOH mixtures as eluents with formic acid, acetic acid and/or their ammonium salts as additives, temperatures between 10 and 25°C (except for -20°C for 3-hydroxybutyric acid) and a flow rate of 1.00mL/min yielded full baseline resolution for all studied HCAs. Elution order for the HCA enantiomers was determined revealing different behaviors between the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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