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Berger TA. The Evolution and Current State of Instrumentation for Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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A perspective on enantioselective chromatography by comparing ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and normal-phase liquid chromatography through the use of a Pirkle-type stationary phase. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Broeckhoven K. Advances in the limits of separation power in supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Berger TA. Diffusion and Dispersion in Tubes in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Using Sub-2 µm Packings. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Speybrouck D, Howsam M, Lipka E. Recent developments in preparative-scale supercritical fluid- and liquid chromatography for chiral separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Advancing stereoisomeric separation of an atropisomeric Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor by using sub-2 µm immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral columns in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaplitz AS, Kresge GA, Selover B, Horvat L, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias KM, Foster SW, Davis JJ, Grinias JP. High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 92:67-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Glenn A. Kresge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Benjamin Selover
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Leah Horvat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | | | - Justin M. Godinho
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19810, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Grinias
- Analytical Platforms & Platform Modernization, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Samuel W. Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joshua J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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Zajickova Z, Špánik I. Applications of monolithic columns in gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:999-1011. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Zajickova
- Department of Physical Sciences; Barry University; Miami Shores FL USA
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak University of Technology; Bratislava Slovakia
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High-Speed, High-Efficiency Achiral SFC on a 3 × 20-mm Column Packed with 1.8-µm Particles Facilitated by a Low-Dispersion Chromatograph. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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The Way to Ultrafast, High-Throughput Enantioseparations of Bioactive Compounds in Liquid and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102709. [PMID: 30347852 PMCID: PMC6222346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Until less than 10 years ago, chiral separations were carried out with columns packed with 5 or 3 μm fully porous particles (FPPs). Times to resolve enantiomeric mixtures were easily larger than 30 min, or so. Pushed especially by stringent requirements from medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, during the last years the field of chiral separations by liquid chromatography has undergone what can be defined a “true revolution”. With the purpose of developing ever faster and efficient method of separations, indeed, very efficient particle formats, such as superficially porous particles (SPPs) or sub-2 μm FPPs, have been functionalized with chiral selectors and employed in ultrafast applications. Thanks to the use of short column (1–2 cm long), packed with these extremely efficient chiral stationary phases (CSPs), operated at very high flow rates (5–8 mL/min), resolution of racemates could be accomplished in very short time, in many cases less than 1 s in normal-, reversed-phase and HILIC conditions. These CSPs have been found to be particularly promising also to carry out high-throughput separations under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions. The most important results that have been recently achieved in terms of ultrafast, high-throughput enantioseparations both in liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography with particular attention to the very important field of bioactive chiral compounds will be reviewed in this manuscript. Attention will be focused not only on the latest introduced CSPs and their applications, but also on instrumental modifications which are required in some cases in order to fully exploit the intrinsic potential of new generation chiral columns.
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Recent Achievements and Future Challenges in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for the Enantioselective Separation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ismail OH, Losacco GL, Mazzoccanti G, Ciogli A, Villani C, Catani M, Pasti L, Anderson S, Cavazzini A, Gasparrini F. Unmatched Kinetic Performance in Enantioselective Supercritical Fluid Chromatography by Combining Latest Generation Whelk-O1 Chiral Stationary Phases with a Low-Dispersion in-House Modified Equipment. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10828-10836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar H. Ismail
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gioacchino L. Losacco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Scott Anderson
- Regis Technologies, Inc., 8210 Austin Avenue, Morton Grove, Illinois 60053, United States
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Ciogli A, Ismail OH, Mazzoccanti G, Villani C, Gasparrini F. Enantioselective ultra high performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography: The race to the shortest chromatogram. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1307-1318. [PMID: 29319915 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing need for enantiomerically pure chiral compounds has greatly expanded the number of enantioselective separation methods available for the precise and accurate measurements of the enantiomeric purity. The introduction of chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography in the last decades has revolutionized the routine methods to determine enantiomeric purity of chiral drugs, agrochemicals, fragrances, and in general of organic and organometallic compounds. In recent years, additional efforts have been placed on faster, enantioselective analytical methods capable to fulfill the high throughput requirements of modern screening procedures. Efforts in this field, capitalizing on improved chromatographic particle technology and dedicated instrumentation, have led to highly efficient separations that are routinely completed on the seconds time scale. An overview of the recent achievements in the field of ultra-high-resolution chromatography on column packed with chiral stationary phases, both based on sub-2 μm fully porous and sub-3 μm superficially porous particles, will be given, with an emphasis on very recent studies on ultrafast chiral separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Omar H Ismail
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Berger TA. Preliminary kinetic evaluation of an immobilized polysaccharide sub-2μm column using a low dispersion supercritical fluid chromatograph. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1510:82-88. [PMID: 28652002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a 3×50mm, 1.6μm dp column with an immobilized polysaccharide stationary phase (ChiralPak IA-U) was evaluated for efficiency, and pressure drop, with respect to flow rate and modifier concentration using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). This appears to be the first such report using such a column in SFC. A unique low dispersion (ultra-high performance) SFC was used for the evaluation. The minimum reduced plate height of 2.78, indicates that the maximum efficiency was similar to or better than coated polysaccharide columns. Selectivity was different from ChiralPak AD, with the same chiral selector, as reported by many others. At high flows and high methanol concentrations, pump pressures sometimes approached 600bar. With 5% methanol, pressure vs. flow rate was non-linear suggesting turbulent flow in the connector tubing. The optimum flow rate (Fopt) at 40% methanol was ≈0.8mL/min, where the column efficiency was highest. At 5% methanol, Fopt increased to ≈1.6mL/min, but efficiency degraded noticeably. The differences in Fopt suggests that the solute diffusion coefficients are a strong function of modifier concentration. Several sub-1min separations, including a 7.5s separation, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry A Berger
- SFC Solutions Inc., 9435 Downing St., Englewood, FL 34224, USA.
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Berger TA. Characterizing pressure issues due to turbulent flow in tubing, in ultra-fast chiral supercritical fluid chromatography at up to 580bar. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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