1
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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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2
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Qiu H, Xiang H, Wen M, Chen S, Zhu J, Tong S. Enantioseparation of two antifungal azole drugs by analytical countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464185. [PMID: 37429079 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a successful enantioseparation of two antifungal drugs, Ketoconazole and Voriconazole, using countercurrent chromatography (CCC) with synthesized sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) as chiral selector. Two biphasic solvent systems composed of dichloromethane: 0.1 mol L-1 of phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0) (1:1, v/v) and n-hexane: ethyl acetate: 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0) (1.5:0.5:2, v/v/v) were selected. Influence factors were investigated, including degree of substitution of SBE-β-CD, concentration of SBE-β-CD, equilibrium temperature, and pH of aqueous phase. Under optimized separation conditions, a large enantioseparation factor of α ≥ 3.26 and a high peak resolution Rs= 1.82, was achieved for enantioseparation of Voriconazole by countercurrent chromatography, and purity of two azole stereoisomers collected from CCC separation reached 98.5%, as determined by HPLC. Molecular docking was employed to investigate the formation of inclusion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, China
| | - Haiping Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, China
| | - Mengyi Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, China.
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3
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Chen C, Guo Y, Zhao S, Toufouki S, Song H, Yao S. Chiral ionic liquid-multi walled carbon nanotubes composite membrane applied to the separation of amino acid enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463630. [PMID: 36347072 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Various membranes are playing more and more important roles in the field of analytical and preparative applications of general interest, and some of them have been used in enantioresolution for amino acids (AAs) or similar bioactive molecules. In this study, a new composite membrane was prepared with chiral ionic liquid (CIL) of [BuPyro] [L-Pro] as chiral selector together with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and additives through a simple way for the first time. Based on such a separation medium, the enantioresolution of amino acid enantiomers were achieved by forming ternary ligand complexes with Cu(II). It was comprehensively characterized by various ways, and key preparation conditions were discovered. After comparing the performance of three operation modes on the resolution of racemic phenylalanine, the effects of main influential factors were investigated and enantiomeric excess value (e.e.%) was 90.2% for the (D,L)-Phe aqueous solution (membrane thickness: 0.15±0.02 mm, total weight: 80 mg, CIL: 41.7%). Through effective desorption, up to 98.1% of the target was recovered. Finally, the mechanism of resolution was revealed by molecular simulation, kinetics and isotherm models, and the difference of interactive energy between ternary complexes of L-Phe-Cu(II)-CIL and D-Phe-Cu(II)-CIL was calculated as 1.56 kcal/mol. The membrane also remained stable after the post-treatment and showed good potential in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sara Toufouki
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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4
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Yao Z, Wu S, Zhang H, Feng X, Wang Z, Lin M. Chiral Determination of Naringenin by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Application in Citrus Peel and Pulp. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906859. [PMID: 35811974 PMCID: PMC9263565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A chiral separation method of naringenin in citrus pulp and peel was established using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in this study. The liquid-phase conditions for separation were Chiralpak IG-3 column at 40°C, mobile phase of methanol, and 0.1% formic acid solution (85/15; v/v). Isovolumetric elution can complete the detection within 5 min. Considering the matrix effect, the matrix standard calibration curve was used for sample quantification. Quantitation was achieved by fitting a calibration curve using a standard matrix. The mean overall recoveries of the two enantiomers from orange pulp were 91.0–110.0% and orange peel were 85.3–110.3%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5–3.8 and 0.9–3.6% at the 0.5, 2.5, 50, and 250 μg/kg levels, respectively. The limit of quantification for all enantiomers in the citrus matrix did not exceed 0.5 μg/kg. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of the naringenin enantiomer was determined by combining experimental and predicted electron circular dichroism spectroscopy, and it was confirmed on a Chiralpak IG-3 column that the first eluting enantiomer was (S)-naringenin. The determination of chiral naringenin content in actual citrus samples showed that the naringenin content in hybrid citrus and citrus pulp was significantly higher than that in pomelo. The method established in this study can be used for the determination of naringenin enantiomers in citrus, which is beneficial to variety selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoulin Yao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhoulin Yao
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianju Feng
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Mei Lin
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5
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Recent Advances on Chiral Mobile Phase Additives: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Jiang W, Liu H, Sun B. Chiral Recognition for Chromatography and Membrane-Based Separations: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:1145. [PMID: 33669919 PMCID: PMC7924630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of global industry and increasingly frequent product circulation, the separation and detection of chiral drugs/pesticides are becoming increasingly important. The chiral nature of substances can result in harm to the human body, and the selective endocrine-disrupting effect of drug enantiomers is caused by differential enantiospecific binding to receptors. This review is devoted to the specific recognition and resolution of chiral molecules by chromatography and membrane-based enantioseparation techniques. Chromatographic enantiomer separations with chiral stationary phase (CSP)-based columns and membrane-based enantiomer filtration are detailed. In addition, the unique properties of these chiral resolution methods have been summarized for practical applications in the chemistry, environment, biology, medicine, and food industries. We further discussed the recognition mechanism in analytical enantioseparations and analyzed recent developments and future prospects of chromatographic and membrane-based enantioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.J.); (B.S.)
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7
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Dong H, Yao X, Guo L, Yu S, Duan W, Liu W, Wang X. Purification of hypocrellins from
Shiraia bambusicola
by coordinated high‐speed countercurrent chromatography using cupric chloride as a complexing agent. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1383-1390. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan P. R. China
| | - Xue Yao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao‐di Herbs China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province Shandong Analysis and Test Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan P. R. China
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8
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Sun W, Bao H, Qian J, Tong S. Enantioseparation of ondansetron by countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:922-930. [PMID: 33284511 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ondansetron, a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, was successfully enantioseparated by recycling countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. Important factors for the enantioseparation were optimized, including different organic solvent, type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, pH of aqueous phase, concentration of chiral selector, and separation temperature. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane: n-butyl acetate: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution pH 9.2 with 50 mmol/L of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (2.5:7.5:10, v/v/v) was selected. Under optimized separation conditions, 5 mg of ondansetron was enantioseparated using recycling countercurrent chromatography, yielding 1.2 and 1.5 mg of ondansetron enantiomers with 97.5 and 95.8% purity and the recovery reached 48-60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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9
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Speybrouck D, Howsam M, Lipka E. Recent developments in preparative-scale supercritical fluid- and liquid chromatography for chiral separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Xu Z, Guan J, Shao H, Fan S, Li X, Shi S, Yan F. Combined Use of Cu(II)-L-Histidine Complex and β-Cyclodextrin for the Enantioseparation of Three Amino Acids by CE and a Study of the Synergistic Effect. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:969-975. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new capillary electrophoresis method was applied to chiral separation of three amino acids, including D,L-tryptophan, D,L-tyrosine and D,L-phenylalanine. The chiral resolution was attained in an untreated fused-sillica capillary using a dual chiral selector, which was made up of Cu(II)-L-histidine complex and β-cyclodextrin (CD). The cardinal factors influencing its separation efficiency, such as chiral selectors, buffer pH and applied voltage, were optimized. Best results were acquired by using a buffer consisting of 10 mmol/L Cu(II), 13 mmol/L L-histidine, 8 mmol/L β-CD, 5 mmol/L phosphate adjusted to pH 5.0 and 15 kV applied voltage. All enantiomers were entirely resolved within 20 min with high resolutions of 3.6~6.1. The analysis method was verified through the determination of D,L-tryptophan in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy. And the robustness of this method was proved. The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification for both enantiomers were 2.5 and 5 μg/mL, respectively. The method was perfectly applied to the determination of the enantiomeric purity of L-tryptophan. Furthermore, the interaction between Cu(II)-L-histidine complex and β-CD was also studied using Ultraviolet-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy to explain the synergistic effect involved. The results illustrated that Cu(II)-L-histidine complex and β-CD played a synergistic role in the enantiomeric separation of chiral drugs, with good prospects for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifu Xu
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
| | - Jin Guan
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
| | - Huili Shao
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
| | - Shitong Fan
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11 ST. Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang 110142, P.R. China
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11
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Duan WD, Huang XY, Di DL. Chiral counter-current chromatography: A survey of its instrument, mechanism, procedure, and applications. Chirality 2020; 32:1264-1283. [PMID: 32692440 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation by counter-current chromatography has made great progress in the past three decades. It has become increasingly popular in the field of chiral separation, and many applications have been introduced during the last years. This review mainly focuses on the current topics, applications, and trends in chiral separation by counter-current chromatography. It contains the development of modern counter-current chromatography apparatus, theory of counter-current chromatography, overview of applications of chiral counter-current chromatography enantioseparation, its current situation, and challenges. At last, some conclusions and perspectives also have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Flieger J, Feder-Kubis J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M. Chiral Ionic Liquids: Structural Diversity, Properties and Applications in Selected Separation Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4253. [PMID: 32549300 PMCID: PMC7352568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical compounds composed of ions with melting points below 100 °C exhibiting a design feature. ILs are commonly used as the so-called green solvents, reagents or highly efficient catalysts in varied chemical processes. The huge application potential of ionic liquids (IL) justifies the growing interest in these compounds. In the last decade, increasing attention has been devoted to the development of new methods in the synthesis of stable chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and their application in various separation techniques. The beginnings of the successful use of CILs to separate enantiomers date back to the 1990 s. Most chiral ILs are based on chiral cations or chiral anions. There is also a limited number of CILs possessing both a chiral cation and a chiral anion. Due to the high molecular diversity of both ions, of which at least one has a chiral center, we have the possibility to design a large variety of optically active structures, thus expanding the range of CIL applications. Research utilizing chiral ionic liquids only recently has become more popular. However, it is the area that still has great potential for future development. This review aimed to describe the diversity of structures, properties and examples of applications of chiral ionic liquids as new chiral solid materials and chiral components of the anisotropic environment, providing chiral recognition of enantiomeric analytes, which is useful in liquid chromatography, countercurrent chromatography and other various CIL-based extraction techniques including aqueous biphasic (ABS) extraction systems, solid-liquid two-phase systems, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophilic CILs, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophobic CILs, solid-phase extraction and induced-precipitation techniques developed in the recent years. The growing demand for pure enantiomers in the pharmaceutical and food industries sparks further development in the field of extraction and separation systems modified with CILs highlighting them as affordable and environmentally friendly both chiral selectors and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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13
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Purification of pyrethrins from flowers of Chrysanthemum cineraraeflium by high-speed counter-current chromatography based on coordination reaction with silver nitrate. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1613:460660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Huang L, Peng T, Li Y, Zhang S, Xiao S, Lu Q, Chen F, Tang L. Isolation and purification of four phenolic glycoside isomers from the leaves of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. by high-speed counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 57:901-909. [PMID: 31609449 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We established an efficient method using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) for isolating and purifying phenolic glycoside isomers. The method involves a rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-under voltage(UPLC-UV) technique using a sub-2 μm core-shell particle column for qualitative and quantitative analysis of four phenolic glycoside isomers from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. leaves. The partially purified samples from ethyl acetate extraction of ethanol extracts of I. polycarpa Maxim. leaves were obtained by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solution (3:5:3:5, v/v/v/v) to obtain fractions I and II, which contain two phenolic glycoside isomers. The two fractions were further isolated by prep-HPLC to yield compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 with purities of 98.29%, 98.71%, 98.49% and 98.52%, and total recoveries of 93.5%, 72.2%, 75.5% and 88.3%, respectively. Compound 1 was first isolated from I. polycarpa Maxim., while compound 2 was reported to be a new phenolic glycoside, which is 1-[(6'-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol. The chemical structures of the four phenolic glycoside isomers were analyzed and confirmed by UPLC, UV, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectra. This study opens prospects for broad industrial applications of HSCCC/prep-HPLC for the isolation and purification of isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Tong Peng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Keystonecare Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, P. R. China, and
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shiji Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Lu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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15
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Qiu X, Sun W, Wang C, Yan J, Tong S. Enantioseparation of acetyltropic acid by countercurrent chromatography with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:681-688. [PMID: 31714009 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetyltropic acid is an important synthetic intermediate for preparation of tropane alkaloid derivatives, which can be used as anticholinergic drugs, deliriants, and stimulants. In the present work, acetyltropic acid was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-butyl acetate/n-hexane/0.1 mol/L citrate buffer at pH = 2.2 containing 0.1 mol/L of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (7:3:10, v/v) was selected, which produced a suitable distribution ratio DS = 1.14, DR = 2.31 and a high enantioseparation factor α = 2.03. Baseline separation was achieved for preparative enantioseparation of 50 mg of racemic acetyltropic acid. A method for chiral analysis of acetyltropic acid by conventional reverse phase liquid chromatography with hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive was established, and formation constants of inclusion complex were determined. It was found that different substituted β-cyclodextrin should be selected for enantioseparation of acetyltropic acid by countercurrent chromatography and reverse phase liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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16
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Wu D, Pan F, Tan W, Gao L, Tao Y, Kong Y. Recent progress of enantioseparation under scale production (2014–2019). J Sep Sci 2019; 43:337-347. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Tan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Large Plastic Parts Intelligence ManufacturingChangzhou College of Information Technology Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
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17
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Cai P, Gao Z, Yin X, Luo Y, Zhao X, Pan Y. Facile enantioseparation and recognition of mandelic acid and its derivatives in self‐assembly interaction with chiral ionic liquids. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3589-3598. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cai
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Luo
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
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18
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Tong SQ. Chiral Separations by Countercurrent Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:321-337. [PMID: 31069742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral separations by countercurrent chromatography are mainly divided into two types: homogeneous chiral selector addition and interfacial chiral ligand exchange. In this chapter, we describe two methods for the enantioseparation of phenylsuccinic acid and α-hydroxy acids by high-speed countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and N-n-dodecyl-L-proline as chiral selectors for both above mentioned modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Upadhyay SS, Srivastava AK. Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin cross-linked multiwalled carbon nanotube-based chiral nanocomposite electrochemical sensors for the discrimination of multichiral drug atorvastatin isomers. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drugs having multiple chiral centres pose a greater risk to the human health as their pharmacological effects on human organs, cells and systems due to more number of enantiomers as compared to that of a single enantiomeric drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mumbai
- Vidyanagari
- Mumbai-400 098
- India
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20
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Nan H, Varona M, Emaus MN, Souza ID, Anderson JL. Advances of Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:505-531. [PMID: 30335970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - He Nan
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Miranda N Emaus
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Israel D Souza
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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21
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Li X, Li J, Kang Q, Wang Y. Polarity tuned perphenylcarbamoylated cyclodextrin separation materials for achiral and chiral differentiation. Talanta 2018; 185:328-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Mo X, Cheng Q, Zhang P, Tang K, Huang Y, Xu W. Preparative enantioseparation of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid by high speed counter-current chromatography with hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1488868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Zhang H, Qiu X, Lv L, Sun W, Wang C, Yan J, Tong S. Preparative enantioseparation of loxoprofen precursor by recycling countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2828-2836. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xujun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
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24
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Metal ion-improved complexation countercurrent chromatography for enantioseparation of dihydroflavone enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Liu Y, Kuang P, Guo S, Sun Q, Xue T, Li H. An overview of recent progress in solvent systems, additives and modifiers of counter current chromatography. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent systems are critical to counter current chromatography (CCC). Appropriate additives and modifiers can be used to improve the separation efficiency of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Linyi University
- Shuangling Road
- Linyi 276000
- P. R. China
| | - Pengqun Kuang
- School of Pharmacy
- Linyi University
- Shuangling Road
- Linyi 276000
- P. R. China
| | - Shaofen Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Linyi University
- Shuangling Road
- Linyi 276000
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Pharmacy
- Linyi University
- Shuangling Road
- Linyi 276000
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Xue
- School of Pharmacy
- Linyi University
- Shuangling Road
- Linyi 276000
- P. R. China
| | - Haigang Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Linyi University
- Shuangling Road
- Linyi 276000
- P. R. China
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26
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Huang XY, Pei D, Liu JF, Di DL. A review on chiral separation by counter-current chromatography: Development, applications and future outlook. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1531:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Lv L, Bu Z, Sun W, Wang C, Xu C, Tong S. Application of pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography in the chiral separation of two β-adrenergic blocking agents. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:1433-1441. [PMID: 29178304 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two β-adrenergic blocking agents, 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-phenoxy-2-propanol (1) and 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(3-methylphenoxy)-2-propanol (2; Toliprolol), were enantioseparated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography. A two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform containing 0.10 mol/L of di-n-hexyl l-tartrate/0.10 mol/L of boric acid aqueous solution (1:1, v/v) was selected, in which 20 mmol/L triethylamine was added in the organic phase as a retainer and 2 mmol/L HCl was added in the aqueous phase as an eluter. Fifty milligrams of each racemate was completely enantioseparated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography to yield each enantiomer with a purity of more than 98%, and the recovery of each separated enantiomer reached around 76-82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Li X, Yao X, Xiao Y, Wang Y. Enantioseparation of single layer native cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases: Effect of cyclodextrin orientation and a modeling study. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 990:174-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Wu D, Cai P, Zhao X, Kong Y, Pan Y. Recent progress of task-specific ionic liquids in chiral resolution and extraction of biological samples and metal ions. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:373-384. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; Changzhou University; Changzhou China
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yong Kong
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center; Changzhou University; Changzhou China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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30
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Izák P, Bobbink FD, Hulla M, Klepic M, Friess K, Hovorka Š, Dyson PJ. Catalytic Ionic-Liquid Membranes: The Convergence of Ionic-Liquid Catalysis and Ionic-Liquid Membrane Separation Technologies. Chempluschem 2017; 83:7-18. [PMID: 31957320 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies enable the facile separation of complex mixtures of gases, vapours, liquids and/or solids under mild conditions. Simultaneous chemical transformations can also be achieved in membranes by using catalytically active membrane materials or embedded catalysts, in so-called membrane reactors. A particular class of membranes containing or composed of ionic liquids (ILs) or polymeric ionic liquids (pILs) have recently emerged. These membranes often exhibit superior transport and separation properties to those of classical polymeric membranes. ILs and pILs have also been extensively studied as separation solvents, catalysts and co-catalysts in similar applications for which membranes are employed. In this review, after introducing ILs and their applications in catalysis, catalytic membranes and recent advances in membrane separation processes based on ILs are described. Finally, the nascent concept of catalytic IL membranes is highlighted, in which catalytically active ILs/pILs are incorporated into membrane technologies to act as a catalytic separation layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Izák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i. Rozvojová 135, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Felix D Bobbink
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hulla
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Klepic
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Friess
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Hovorka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Nie L, Dai Z, Ma S. Stereospecific Assay of (R)- and (S)-Goitrin in Commercial Formulation of Radix Isatidis by Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:2810565. [PMID: 28894621 PMCID: PMC5574218 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2810565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Radix isatidis (Banlangen) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating fever and removing toxic heat. Pharmacological studies have indicated that (R)-goitrin (epigoitrin) is one of the main constituents accounting for its antiviral activity, while (S)-goitrin (goitrin) is known as an antithyroid factor. To better control the quality of radix isatidis and its formulations, it is imperative to enantiomerically determine the contents of R- and S-goitrin. In this study, an enantioselective method based on reversed phase chromatography was developed for the assay of (R, S)-goitrin enantiomers. Optimum separation was obtained on an S-Chiral A column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) using methanol/water (30 : 70, v/v) as the mobile phase. After validation, the method was applied to quantify the enantiomers in Banlangen granules, which is the most prescribed commercial formulation of radix isatidis. Compared to enantioselective resolution approaches based on normal phase chromatography, the new method could be conveniently performed using regular reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipment and was found to be more suitable for the enantioselective quality control of water-extracted and soluble medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Nie
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China Food and Drug Administration, 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China Food and Drug Administration, 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China Food and Drug Administration, 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, China
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32
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Brown L, Earle MJ, Gîlea MA, Plechkova NV, Seddon KR. Ionic Liquid-Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:74. [PMID: 28799044 PMCID: PMC5552829 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids can form biphasic solvent systems with many organic solvents and water, and these solvent systems can be used in liquid-liquid separations and countercurrent chromatography. The wide range of ionic liquids that can by synthesised, with specifically tailored properties, represents a new philosophy for the separation of organic, inorganic and bio-based materials. A customised countercurrent chromatograph has been designed and constructed specifically to allow the more viscous character of ionic liquid-based solvent systems to be used in a wide variety of separations (including transition metal salts, arenes, alkenes, alkanes, bio-oils and sugars).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Brown
- AECS-QuikPrep Ltd, 55 Gower Street, London, WC1 6HQ, UK
| | - Martyn J Earle
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Manuela A Gîlea
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Natalia V Plechkova
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Kenneth R Seddon
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG, UK
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33
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Wang X, Lv L, Bu Z, Yan J, Tong S. Separation of epimeric aromatic acid (-)-menthol esters by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as an additive. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2045-2053. [PMID: 28244265 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The separation of ten epimeric aromatic acid (-)-menthol esters by countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive was investigated, and methods for the analysis of all the epimeric esters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were established. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/20-70% methanol containing 50 mmol/L of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected, which provided high separation factors for five of the epimeric esters, and successful separations by countercurrent chromatography were achieved. The complete separation of five pairs of epimeric ester was obtained with the purity being over 98% for each peak fractions, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of each analyte from the eluted fractions reached around 80-88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Silva M, Pérez-Quintanilla D, Morante-Zarcero S, Sierra I, Marina ML, Aturki Z, Fanali S. Ordered mesoporous silica functionalized with β-cyclodextrin derivative for stereoisomer separation of flavanones and flavanone glycosides by nano-liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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