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Yu C, Zhang J, Luo X, Zhang J. Metal organic framework/covalent organic framework composite for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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2
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Saraji M, Nobakht G. Sponge-like porous manganese(II, III) oxide as a coating for solvent-assisted solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462947. [PMID: 35298937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A nanostructure sponge-like porous manganese(II, III) oxide was synthesized and applied as a new fiber coating for solvent-assisted solid-phase microextraction. The synthesized material was characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. To investigate the extraction performance of the prepared material, direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the determination of the selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater samples. Three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including 1-methylnaphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene were selected as model analytes. To maximize the sensitivity of the method, key experimental factors affecting the extraction efficiency of the analytes such as ionic strength, extraction solvent, stirring rate, extraction temperature and time, and desorption temperature and time were optimized. The applicability of the new coating material for the extraction of the selected analytes from wastewater samples was evaluated. Under the optimum conditions, detection limits between 0.7 and 1.5 ng L-1 were obtained for the model analytes. The linear dynamic range was 5.0-3.0 × 103 ng L-1 for all the analytes. Relative standard deviations were between 2 and 11%. In the case of real sample analysis, the extraction recoveries of the analytes were obtained in the range of 77-111%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Nobakht
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
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3
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Zhang YP, Luan CC, Lu ZY, Chen N, Zhang YJ, Cui CX. Brass wires with different surface wettability used for in-tube solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Pan J, Liu M, Li D, Zheng H, Zhang D. Overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-gold nanoparticles-graphene-modified electrode for the simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid. J Pharm Anal 2022; 11:699-708. [PMID: 35028174 PMCID: PMC8740388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative, ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (OPEDOT), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (OPEDOT–AuNPs–ERGO/GCE) through homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous electrochemical methods. The morphology, composition, and structure of this nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the OPEDOT–AuNPs–ERGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry using potassium ferricyanide and hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride redox probe systems. This modified electrode shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) under physiological pH conditions, but inhibits the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA). Linear voltammetric responses were obtained when DA concentrations of approximately 4.0–100 μM and UA concentrations of approximately 20–100 μM were used. The detection limits (S/N=3) for DA and UA were 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively, under physiological conditions and in the presence of 1.0 mM of AA. This developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human urine, where satisfactory recoveries from 96.7% to 105.0% were observed. This work demonstrates that the developed OPEDOT–AuNPs–ERGO ternary nanocomposite, with its excellent ion-selectivity and electro-catalytic activity, is a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in physiological and pathological studies. Facile preparation of graphene-based hybrid composite OPEDOT–AuNPs–ERGO onto GCE. The OPEDOT–AuNPs–ERGO/GCE was endued with excellent electrocatalytic activity and ion-selectivity. The OPEDOT–AuNPs–ERGO/GCE was found highly selective and sensitive determination of DA and UA in the presence of AA. The method is expected to be applied to the detection of DA and UA under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Corresponding author.
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Zhang J, Ma X, Dang X, Chen H, Hu Y. Adsorption mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on polythiophene-graphene covalent complex and its analytical application in food contact materials. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Porphyrin-based covalent organic framework coated stainless steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and soil samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Sun M, Han S, Maloko Loussala H, Feng J, Li C, Ji X, Feng J, Sun H. Graphene oxide-functionalized mesoporous silica for online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey and detection by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Feng J, Feng J, Han S, Ji X, Li C, Sun M. Triazine-based covalent porous organic polymer for the online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:462004. [PMID: 33640808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A triazine-based covalent organic porous polymer (COP) was synthesized from the monomers 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and tricyanogen chloride via the Friedel-Crafts reaction and characterized in detail using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed that the COP had a rough surface and suitable extraction site. It was then employed in in-tube solid-phase microextraction combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The COP adsorbent was evaluated with different types of analyte, including estrogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plasticizers. The COP produced its best performance with PAHs. In order to obtain the highest extraction efficiency for PAHs, the main influential factors were optimized. Furthermore, a sensitive analytical method was established with the limits of detection of 0.004-0.010 µg L-1, high enrichment factor of 1110-2763, and wide linear ranges (0.013-20.0 µg L-1, 0.016-20.0 µg L-1 and 0.033-20.0 µg L-1). The relative standard deviation in intra-day and inter-day tests was also controlled to be within 0.3-3.1%. The proposed method was employed in the online detection of trace PAHs in real water samples, with satisfactory results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Sen Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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Werner J, Rębiś T, Frankowski R, Grześkowiak T, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Development of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Electropolymerized Sorbent-Based Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) for the Determination of Parabens in Lake Waters by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1870232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Werner
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rębiś
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grześkowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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De Alvarenga G, Hryniewicz BM, Jasper I, Silva RJ, Klobukoski V, Costa FS, Cervantes TN, Amaral CD, Schneider JT, Bach-Toledo L, Peralta-Zamora P, Valerio TL, Soares F, Silva BJ, Vidotti M. Recent trends of micro and nanostructured conducting polymers in health and environmental applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Arcoleo A, Bianchi F, Careri M. Helical multi-walled carbon nanotube-coated fibers for solid-phase microextraction determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at ultra-trace levels in ice and snow samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1631:461589. [PMID: 33022570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in polar environment are recognized tracers of anthropogenic pollution. High sensitivity and selectivity are required for their analysis in ice and snow samples due to the presence at ultra-trace levels. In this study a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of the 16 US-EPA priority pollutant PAHs in polar snow and ice samples was developed and validated. Helical multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HMWCNTs) were proposed for the first time as novel SPME coating. For optimization purposes a Central Composite Design and the multicriteria method of the desirability functions were applied to investigate the influence of extraction parameters, i.e. time and temperature as main factors. The optimal values were 68 °C for the extraction temperature and 60 min for the extraction time. The developed SPME-GC-MS method exhibited detection limits of 16 PAHs in the 0.1-1.2 ng/L range, a repeatability and an intermediate precision within 15% and 22% relative standard deviation, respectively, and good recovery rates in the 93.7 (± 0.1)-119.7 (± 0.2)% range for real spiked water sample, showing better analytical performance compared to commercial PDMS fibers. Enrichment factors in the 2670 (± 290)-142120 (± 580) range were calculated and a long fiber shelf-life with the possibility to reuse the fiber more than 200 times was achieved. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of PAHs in surface snow samples collected in April 2019 at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Its application to the detection of PAHs in samples collected during monitoring campaigns in the polar regions is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arcoleo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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12
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Hajializadeh A, Ansari M, Foroughi MM, Kazemipour M. Ultrasonic assisted synthesis of a novel ternary nanocomposite based on carbon nanotubes/zeolitic imidazolate framework-67/polyaniline for solid-phase microextraction of organic pollutants. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Jalili V, Barkhordari A, Ghiasvand A. Solid-phase microextraction technique for sampling and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Manousi N, Zachariadis GA. Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E2182. [PMID: 32392764 PMCID: PMC7249015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation. Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). Compared to the conventional sample preparation techniques, these novel techniques show some benefits, including reduced organic solvent consumption, while they are time and cost efficient. A plethora of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and molecularly imprinted polymers, have been successfully coupled with a wide variety of extraction techniques. This review focuses on the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from environmental matrices, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bianchi F, Pankajakshan A, Fornari F, Mandal S, Pelagatti P, Bacchi A, Mazzeo PP, Careri M. A zinc mixed-ligand microporous metal-organic framework as solid-phase microextraction coating for priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Wu W, Ali A, Jamal R, Abdulla M, Bakri T, Abdiryim T. A bromine-catalysis-synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphitic carbon nitride electrochemical sensor for heavy metal ion determination. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34691-34698. [PMID: 35530671 PMCID: PMC9073917 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphitic carbon nitride (PEDOT/g-C3N4) composites were prepared by the bromine catalysed polymerization (BCP) method with varying weight ratios of monomer to g-C3N4. For comparison, solid-state polymerization (SSP) and metal oxidative polymerization (MOP) methods were also used for the synthesis of PEDOT/g-C3N4 composites. Electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions (Cd2+ and Pb2+) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on composite-modified glass carbon electrodes (GCEs), which were prepared by different methods. The obtained composites were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the bromine catalysed polymerization (BCP) method is an effective way to prepare the PEDOT/g-C3N4 composite, and the combination of PEDOT with g-C3N4 can improve the electrochemical activity of electrode materials. And, the composite from the BCP method modified electrode (PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4/GCE) exhibited the widest linear responses for Cd2+ and Pb2+, ranging from 0.06-12 μM and 0.04-11.6 μM with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.0014 μM and 0.00421 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxangul Jamal
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
| | - Mihray Abdulla
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
| | - Tursunnisahan Bakri
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
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Pelit L, Pelit F, Ertaş H, Ertaş FN. Electrochemically Fabricated Solid Phase Microextraction Fibers and Their Applications in Food, Environmental and Clinical Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190314155440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:Designing an analytical methodology for complicated matrices, such as biological and environmental samples, is difficult since the sample preparation procedure is the most demanding step affecting the whole analytical process. Nowadays, this step has become more challenging by the legislations and environmental concerns since it is a prerequisite to eliminate or minimize the use of hazardous substances in traditional procedures by replacing with green techniques suitable for the sample matrix.Methods:In addition to the matrix, the nature of the analyte also influence the ease of creating green analytical techniques. Recent developments in the chemical analysis provide us new methodologies introducing microextraction techniques and among them, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has emerged as a simple, fast, low cost, reliable and portable sample preparation technique that minimizes solvent consumption.Results:The use of home-made fibers is popular in the last two decades since the selectivity can be tuned by changing the surface characteristics through chemical and electrochemical modifications. Latter technique is preferred since the electroactive polymers can be coated onto the fiber under controlled electrochemical conditions and the film thicknesses can be adjusted by simply changing the deposition parameters. Thermal resistance and mechanical strength can be readily increased by incorporating different dopant ions into the polymeric structure and selectivity can be tuned by inserting functional groups and nanostructures. A vast number of analytes with wide range of polarities extracted by this means can be determined with a suitable chromatographic detector coupled to the system. Therefore, the main task is to improve the physicochemical properties of the fiber along with the extraction efficiency and selectivity towards the various analytes by adjusting the electrochemical preparation conditions.Conclusion:This review covers the fine tuning conditions practiced in electrochemical preparation of SPME fibers and in-tube systems and their applications in environmental, food and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Füsun Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ertaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nil Ertaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
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Ferreira MPS, Santos PSM, Caldeira MT, Estrada AC, da Costa JP, Rocha-Santos T, Duarte AC. White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a sorbent for the removal of zinc from rainwater. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:170-179. [PMID: 31272042 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to assess the sorption capacity of the common white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to remove Zn(II) from rainwater, rendering it suitable for use in buildings, and the efficiency of the process was evaluated for two initial Zn(II) concentrations, representing high (100 μg L-1) and very high (500 μg L-1) levels of Zn(II) in rainwater. The effects of the amount of beans (1, 5 and 10 beans per 50 mL), as well as the initial pH values of the zinc solution [acid (4), neutral (5.6) and basic (7) for atmospheric waters] were also assessed. The removal of Zn from water was affected by the change in pH values. When 5 and 10 beans were used, after 4 h and 2 h of contact time, respectively, the accumulated Zn(II) on the beans was released back into the solution, and this release occurred first for the highest tested pH value. The sorption rate of Zn(II) from the solution increased with the increasing amount of beans, but for 5 and 10 beans this only took place up to 4 h and 2 h, respectively. Furthermore, the removal percentages of Zn(II) increased with the increase of the initial concentrations of the metal in water. Kinetic studies revealed that a pseudo-first-order model provided the best fitting for the experimentally obtained values. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analyses of the bean shells and cores indicated that contact with a Zn(II) solution did not cause notable alterations to the chemical structures of these bean components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses suggested that the process of sorption occurred at the surface of the beans (shells). The results obtained in this study also suggest that the matrix of rainwater samples did not interfere with the removal of metal, and that the process of the removal of Zn(II) by the white beans can be applied to real samples. On the whole, results indicate that for the removal of Zn(II) from rainwater, 1 bean up to 6 h, or 5 and 10 beans up to 2 h can be used per 50 mL for the removal of up to 60% of Zn(II) present in water, thus constituting a viable solution for the effective reduction of this metal in rainwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica P S Ferreira
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia S M Santos
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Caldeira
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C Estrada
- CICECO & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P da Costa
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Abstract
This article offers a review on the application of nanoparticles (NPs) that have been used as sorbents in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The novel advances in the application of carbon NPs, mesoporous silica NPs, metal, metal oxides, and magnetic and magnetised NPs in the extraction of PAHs from matrix solutions were discussed. The extraction techniques used to isolate PAHs have been highlighted including their advantages and limitations. Methods for preparing NPs and optimized conditions of NPs extraction efficiency have been overviewed since proper extraction procedures were necessary to achieve optimum analytical results. The aim was to provide an overview of current knowledge and information in order to assess the need for further exploration that can lead to an efficient and optimum analysis of PAHs.
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Zhang M, Huang G, Huang J, Chen W. Three-dimensional multi-walled carbon nanotubes@g-C 3 N 4 @Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites-based magnetic solid phase extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zheng J, Huang J, Yang Q, Ni C, Xie X, Shi Y, Sun J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Fabrications of novel solid phase microextraction fiber coatings based on new materials for high enrichment capability. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Synthesis and electrochemical sensing application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based materials: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1022:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Tian Y, Sun M, Wang X, Luo C, Feng J. A Nanospherical Metal–Organic Framework UiO-66 for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guo X, Zhao F, Zeng B. Graphene-doped electrochemical copolymer coating of 2,2-bithiophene and 3-methylthiophene for the highly effective solid-phase microextraction of volatile benzene homologues. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2197-2206. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
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Gutiérrez-Serpa A, Rocío-Bautista P, Pino V, Jiménez-Moreno F, Jiménez-Abizanda AI. Gold nanoparticles based solid-phase microextraction coatings for determining organochlorine pesticides in aqueous environmental samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2009-2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gutiérrez-Serpa
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Priscilla Rocío-Bautista
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Ana I. Jiménez-Abizanda
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL); La Laguna Tenerife Spain
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