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Liu J, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Mao J, Sun YA, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Zhang J. Preparation and characterization of graphitic carbon-nitride nanosheets agglomerated poly (styrene-divinylbenzene) anion-exchange stationary phase for ion chromatography. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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2
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Popov AS, Spiridonov KA, Uzhel AS, Smolenkov AD, Chernobrovkina AV, Zatirakha AV. Prospects of using hyperbranched stationary phase based on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) in mixed-mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462010. [PMID: 33652368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the chromatographic properties of covalently bonded hyperbranched stationary phase based on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) and containing zwitterionic fragments in the structure of functional layer was conducted in suppressed ion chromatography (IC), reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC), and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) modes. Besides the possibility of resolving 20 inorganic anions and organic acids using KOH eluent in suppressed IC, prepared resin provided the separation of alkylbenzenes in RP HPLC, water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, and sugars in HILIC mode. Trends in the retention of hydrophobic and polar analytes on the prepared stationary phase indicated the dominating effect of analyte nature on the retention mechanism and proved satisfactory hydrophilization of PS-DVB surface with hyperbranched functional layer for retaining polar compounds. The obtained results revealed good prospects of using hydrophobic PS-DVB substrate for preparing stationary phases for mixed-mode chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Popov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - K A Spiridonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A S Uzhel
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A D Smolenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Chernobrovkina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Zatirakha
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Uzhel A, Gorbovskaya A, Shpigun O, Zatirakha A. Manipulating selectivity of covalently-bonded hyperbranched anion exchangers toward organic acids. Part IV: General algorithm based on the variation of external part of the functional layer. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Manipulating selectivity of covalently-bonded hyperbranched anion exchangers toward organic acids. Part III: Effect of diamine structure in the external part of the functional layer. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:310-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Uzhel AS, Gorbovskaya AV, Zatirakha AV, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Manipulating selectivity of covalently-bonded hyperbranched anion exchangers toward organic acids. Part II: Effect of mono- and dicarboxylic amino acids in the internal part of the functional layer. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:117-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu J, Sun Y, Wang C, Hu K, Jia C, Wang G, Sun YA, Zhang S, Zhu Y. Fabrication of monodisperse poly (allyl glycidyl ether-co-divinyl benzene) microspheres and their application in anion-exchange stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kaltz A, Bohra L, Tripp JS, Seubert A. Influencing the selectivity of grafted anion exchangers utilizing the solubility of the radical initiator during the graft process. Anal Chim Acta X 2019; 2:100019. [PMID: 33117980 PMCID: PMC7587026 DOI: 10.1016/j.acax.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously published radical graft-functionalization method for the synthesis of high performance anion exchangers was further investigated to control the capacity and selectivity of the exchangers. Using a hydrophobic radical initiator instead of a hydrophilic one diminished the influence of rivaling homopolymerization of monomer during the functionalization step. Instead of only generating monomer radicals in free solution the radicals are ideally generated on top of the PS/DVB surface. However, in both cases the selectivity factors of polarizable anions bromide and nitrate in relation to chloride increased strongly with increasing capacity of the exchanger. Higher exchanger capacities could lead to coelution of bromide and/or nitrate with other analytes such as sulfate or phosphate when using the eluent as proposed in this work. By variation of the organic solvent used for functionalization it was possible to remove both the rivaling homopolymerization and the strong influence of the capacity on the selectivity. With increasing solubility of the hydrophobic radical initiator in the organic solvent the influence of the homopolymerization and the influence on the selectivity factor of bromide and nitrate decreased. Additionally, a change of bromate selectivity factor could be observed. The bromate signal is shifted closer towards the chloride signal. However, with increasing solubility of the radical initiator in the organic solvent the observed capacity of the exchangers decreases linearly, resulting in higher amounts of monomer needed for functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Kaltz
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Bohra
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Tripp
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Seubert
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Zatirakha AV, Uzhel AS, Loshin AA, Chernobrovkina AV, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Novel Stationary Phases for Ion Chromatography and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481811014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dolgonosov AM. A Criterion of Selection of Stationary Phases for Improving the Performance of Chromatographic Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481904004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang K, Lou C, Zhu Y, Zhi M, Zeng X, Shou D. Covalently grafted anion exchangers with linear epoxy-amine functionalities for high-performance ion chromatography. Talanta 2019; 194:485-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Uzhel AS, Gorbovskaya AV, Zatirakha AV, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Manipulating selectivity of covalently-bonded hyperbranched anion exchangers toward organic acids. Part I: Influence of primary amine substituents in the internal part of the functional layer. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Quantification of inorganic anions and organic acids in apple and orange juices using novel covalently-bonded hyperbranched anion exchanger with improved selectivity. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1567:130-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hyperbranched anion exchangers prepared from thiol-ene modified polymeric substrates for suppressed ion chromatography. Talanta 2018; 184:491-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Pohl CA, Srinivasan K. Electrostatically attached highly branched anion-exchange phases derived from diamines and diepoxides. Talanta 2018; 184:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zatirakha AV, Uzhel AS, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Methods for Preparing High Performance Stationary Phases for Anion-Exchange Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s002713141801008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaltz A, Bohra L, Tripp JS, Seubert A. Investigations on the selectivity of grafted high performance anion exchangers and the underlying graft mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 999:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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