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Vosáhlová-Kadlecová Z, Gilar M, Molnárová K, Kozlík P, Kalíková K. Mixed-mode column allows simple direct coupling with immobilized enzymatic reactor for on-line protein digestion. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123866. [PMID: 37657402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is widely used in the field of proteomic analysis after off-line protein digestion. On-line digestion with chromatographic column connected in a series with immobilized enzymatic reactor is not often used approach. In this work we investigated the impact of chromatographic conditions on the protein digestion efficiency. The investigation of trypsin reactor activity was performed by on-line digestion of N-α-benzoyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA), followed by separation of the digests on the mixed-mode column. Two trypsin column reactors with the different trypsin coverage on the bridged ethylene hybrid particles were evaluated. To ensure optimal trypsin activity, the separation temperature was set at 37.0 °C and the pH of the mobile phase buffer was maintained at 8.5. The on-line digestion itself ongoing during the initial state of gradient was carried out at a low flow rate using a mobile phase that was free of organic modifiers. Proteins such as cytochrome C, enolase, and myoglobin were successfully digested on-line without prior reduction or alkylation, and the resulting peptides were separated using a mixed-mode column. Additionally, proteins that contain multiple cysteines, such as α-lactalbumin, albumin, β-lactoglobulin A, and conalbumin, were also successfully digested on-line (after reduction and alkylation). Moreover, trypsin immobilized enzymatic reactors were utilized for over 300 injections without any noticeable loss of digestion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vosáhlová-Kadlecová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gilar
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA
| | - Katarína Molnárová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Thangavelu MU, Wouters B, Kindt A, Reiss IKM, Hankemeier T. Blood microsampling technologies: Innovations and applications in 2022. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 4:154-180. [PMID: 38716066 PMCID: PMC10989553 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
With the development of highly sensitive bioanalytical techniques, the volume of samples necessary for accurate analysis has reduced. Microsampling, the process of obtaining small amounts of blood, has thus gained popularity as it offers minimal-invasiveness, reduced logistical costs and biohazard risks while simultaneously showing increased sample stability and a potential for the decentralization of the approach and at-home self-sampling. Although the benefits of microsampling have been recognised, its adoption in clinical practice has been slow. Several microsampling technologies and devices are currently available and employed in research studies for various biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in microsampling technology with a focus on the latest developments and advancements in the field of microsampling. Research published in the year 2022, including studies (i) developing strategies for the quantitation of analytes in microsamples and (ii) bridging and comparing the interchangeability between matrices and choice of technology for a given application, is reviewed to assess the advantages, challenges and limitations of the current state of microsampling. Successful implementation of microsampling in routine clinical care requires continued efforts for standardization and harmonization. Microsampling has been shown to facilitate data-rich studies and a patient-centric approach to healthcare and is foreseen to play a central role in the future digital revolution of healthcare through continuous monitoring to improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bert Wouters
- Metabolomics and Analytics CentreLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics CentreLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Irwin K. M. Reiss
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive CareDivision of NeonatologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics CentreLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
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3
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Lapizco-Encinas BH, Zhang YV. Microfluidic systems in clinical diagnosis. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:217-245. [PMID: 35977346 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic devices is highly attractive in the field of biomedical and clinical assessments, as their portability and fast response time have become crucial in providing opportune therapeutic treatments to patients. The applications of microfluidics in clinical diagnosis and point-of-care devices are continuously growing. The present review article discusses three main fields where miniaturized devices are successfully employed in clinical applications. The quantification of ions, sugars, and small metabolites is examined considering the analysis of bodily fluids samples and the quantification of this type of analytes employing real-time wearable devices. The discussion covers the level of maturity that the devices have reached as well as cost-effectiveness. The analysis of proteins with clinical relevance is presented and organized by the function of the proteins. The last section covers devices that can perform single-cell metabolomic and proteomic assessments. Each section discusses several strategically selected recent reports on microfluidic devices successfully employed for clinical assessments, to provide the reader with a wide overview of the plethora of novel systems and microdevices developed in the last 5 years. In each section, the novel aspects and main contributions of each reviewed report are highlighted. Finally, the conclusions and future outlook section present a summary and speculate on the future direction of the field of miniaturized devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yan Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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4
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Microfluidic Immobilized Enzymatic Reactors for Proteomic Analyses—Recent Developments and Trends (2017–2021). MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020311. [PMID: 35208435 PMCID: PMC8879403 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Given the strong interdisciplinary nature of microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor (μ-IMER) technology, several branches of science contribute to its successful implementation. A combination of physical, chemical knowledge and engineering skills is often required. The development and application of μ-IMERs in the proteomic community are experiencing increasing importance due to their attractive features of enzyme reusability, shorter digestion times, the ability to handle minute volumes of sample and the prospect of on-line integration into analytical workflows. The aim of this review is to give an account of the current (2017–2021) trends regarding the preparation of microdevices, immobilization strategies, and IMER configurations. The different aspects of microfabrication (designs, fabrication technologies and detectors) and enzyme immobilization (empty and packed channels, and monolithic supports) are surveyed focusing on μ-IMERs developed for proteomic analysis. Based on the advantages and limitations of the published approaches and the different applications, a probable perspective is given.
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5
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Evaluation of Fast and Sensitive Proteome Profiling of FF and FFPE Kidney Patient Tissues. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031137. [PMID: 35164409 PMCID: PMC8838561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of proteomics to fresh frozen (FF) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissues is an important development spurred on by requests from stakeholder groups in clinical fields. One objective is to complement current diagnostic methods with new specific molecular information. An important goal is to achieve adequate and consistent protein recovery across and within large-scale studies. Here, we describe development of several protocols incorporating mass spectrometry compatible detergents, including Rapigest, PPS, and ProteaseMax. Methods were applied on 4 and 15 μm thick FF tissues, and 4 μm thick FFPE tissues. We evaluated sensitivity and repeatability of the methods and found that the protocol containing Rapigest enabled detection of 630 proteins from FF tissue of 1 mm2 and 15 μm thick, whereas 498 and 297 proteins were detected with the protocols containing ProteaseMax and PPS, respectively. Surprisingly, PPS-containing buffer showed good extraction of the proteins from 4 μm thick FFPE tissue with the average of 270 protein identifications (1 mm2), similar to the results on 4 μm thick FF. Moreover, we found that temperature increases during incubation with urea on 4 μm thick FF tissue revealed a decrease in the number of identified proteins and increase in the number of the carbamylated peptides.
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6
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Dual-function monolithic enzyme reactor based on dopamine/graphene oxide coating for simultaneous protein enzymatic hydrolysis and glycopeptide enrichment. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Passamonti M, de Roos C, Schoenmakers PJ, Gargano AFG. Poly(acrylamide- co- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide) Monoliths for High-Peak-Capacity Hydrophilic-Interaction Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Intact Proteins at Low Trifluoroacetic Acid Content. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16000-16007. [PMID: 34807576 PMCID: PMC8655738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, we
optimized a polymerization mixture to synthesize
poly(acrylamide-co-N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) monolithic stationary phases for
hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) of intact proteins.
Thermal polymerization was performed, and the effects of varying the
amount of cross-linker and the porogen composition on the separation
performance of the resulting columns were studied. The homogeneity
of the structure and the different porosities were examined through
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further characterization of the
monolithic structure revealed a permeable (Kf between 2.5 × 10–15 and 1.40 ×
10–13 m2) and polar stationary phase
suitable for HILIC. The HILIC separation performance of the different
columns was assessed using gradient separation of a sample containing
four intact proteins, with the best performing stationary phase exhibiting
a peak capacity of 51 in a gradient of 25 min. Polyacrylamide-based
materials were compared with a silica-based particulate amide phase
(2.7 μm core–shell particles). The monolith has no residual
silanol sites and, therefore, fewer sites for ion-exchange interactions
with proteins. Thus, it required lower concentrations of ion-pair
reagent in HILIC of intact proteins. When using 0.1% of trifluoroacetic
acid (TFA), the peak capacities of the two columns were similar (30
and 34 for the monolithic and packed column, respectively). However,
when decreasing the concentration of TFA to 0.005%, the monolithic
column maintained similar separation performance and selectivity (peak
capacity 23), whereas the packed column showed greatly reduced performance
(peak capacity 12), lower selectivity, and inability to elute all
four reference proteins. Finally, using a mobile phase containing
0.1% formic acid and 0.005% TFA, the HILIC separation on the monolithic
column was successfully hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Detection sensitivity for protein and glycoproteins was increased
and the amount of adducts formed was decreased in comparison with
separations performed at 0.1% TFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Passamonti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Chiem de Roos
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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8
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Roberg-Larsen H, Wilson SR, Lundanes E. Recent advances in on-line upfront devices for sensitive bioanalytical nano LC methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Brás EJS, Chu V, Conde JP, Fernandes P. Recent developments in microreactor technology for biocatalysis applications. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Through the use of microfluidics technology, one can severely accelerate the development and optimization of biocatalytic processes. In this work, the authors present a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. S. Brás
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN)
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN)
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN)
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
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10
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Inter-laboratory study of an optimised peptide mapping workflow using automated trypsin digestion for monitoring monoclonal antibody product quality attributes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6833-6848. [PMID: 32710279 PMCID: PMC7496030 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptide mapping analysis is a regulatory expectation to verify the primary structure of a recombinant product sequence and to monitor post-translational modifications (PTMs). Although proteolytic digestion has been used for decades, it remains a labour-intensive procedure that can be challenging to accurately reproduce. Here, we describe a fast and reproducible protocol for protease digestion that is automated using immobilised trypsin on magnetic beads, which has been incorporated into an optimised peptide mapping workflow to show method transferability across laboratories. The complete workflow has the potential for use within a multi-attribute method (MAM) approach in drug development, production and QC laboratories. The sample preparation workflow is simple, ideally suited to inexperienced operators and has been extensively studied to show global applicability and robustness for mAbs by performing sample digestion and LC-MS analysis at four independent sites in Europe. LC-MS/MS along with database searching was used to characterise the protein and determine relevant product quality attributes (PQAs) for further testing. A list of relevant critical quality attributes (CQAs) was then established by creating a peptide workbook containing the specific mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of the modified and unmodified peptides of the selected CQAs, to be monitored in a subsequent test using LC-MS analysis. Data is provided that shows robust digestion efficiency and low levels of protocol induced PTMs. Graphical abstract ![]()
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11
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Groeneveld G, Pirok BWJ, Schoenmakers PJ. Perspectives on the future of multi-dimensional platforms. Faraday Discuss 2020; 218:72-100. [PMID: 31140485 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) formats have emerged to help address separation problems that are too complex for conventional one-dimensional LC. There are a number of obstacles to the proliferation of 2D-LC that are gradually being removed. Reliable commercial instrumentation has become available and data analysis software is being improved. Detector-sensitivity and phase-system compatibility issues can largely be solved by using active-modulation strategies. The remaining challenge, developing good and fast 2D-LC methods within a reasonable time, may be solved with smart algorithms. The technology platform that has been developed for 2D-LC also creates a number of other possibilities. Between the two separation stages, all kinds of physical (e.g. dissolution) or chemical (e.g. enzymatic or light-induced degradation) processes can be made to take place, allowing a wide variety of experiments to be performed within a single, efficient and automated analysis. All these developments are discussed in this paper and a number of critical issues are identified. A practical example, the characterization of polysorbates by high-resolution comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry, is described as a culmination of recent developments in 2D-LC and as an illustration of the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Groeneveld
- University of Amsterdam, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Fan PR, Zhao X, Wei ZH, Huang YP, Liu ZS. Robust immobilized enzyme reactor based on trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate organic monolithic matrix through “thiol-ene” click reaction. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Academy of Integrated Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Carilion School of Medicine, Academy of Integrated Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Gulakowski
- Systems Biology, Academy of Integrated Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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14
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Recent advances in the fabrication and application of nanomaterial-based enzymatic microsystems in chemical and biological sciences. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1067:31-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Wouters B, Pirok BW, Soulis D, Garmendia Perticarini RC, Fokker S, van den Hurk RS, Skolimowski M, Peters RA, Schoenmakers PJ. On-line microfluidic immobilized-enzyme reactors: A new tool for characterizing synthetic polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1053:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Naldi M, Tramarin A, Bartolini M. Immobilized enzyme-based analytical tools in the -omics era: Recent advances. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:222-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Lynch KB, Ren J, Beckner MA, He C, Liu S. Monolith columns for liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins: A review of recent advances and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:48-68. [PMID: 30482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article we survey 256 references (with an emphasis on the papers published in the past decade) on monolithic columns for intact protein separation. Protein enrichment and purification are included in the broadly defined separation. After a brief introduction, we describe the types of monolithic columns and modes of chromatographic separations employed for protein separations. While the majority of the work is still in the research and development phase, papers have been published toward utilizing monolithic columns for practical applications. We survey these papers as well in this review. Characteristics of selected methods along with their pros and cons will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Matthew A Beckner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Chiyang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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18
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Zanchin G, Vendier L, Pierro I, Bertini F, Ricci G, Lorber C, Leone G. Homo- and Co-Polymerization of Ethylene with Cyclic Olefins Catalyzed by Phosphine Adducts of (Imido)vanadium(IV) Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zanchin
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laure Vendier
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ivana Pierro
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Bertini
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Lorber
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- CNR-Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Bataille J, Viodé A, Pereiro I, Lafleur JP, Varenne F, Descroix S, Becher F, Kutter JP, Roesch C, Poüs C, Taverna M, Pallandre A, Smadja C, Le Potier I. On-a-chip tryptic digestion of transthyretin: a step toward an integrated microfluidic system for the follow-up of familial transthyretin amyloidosis. Analyst 2018; 143:1077-1086. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TTR digestion on TE-chip: production of a fragment of interest allowing the therapeutic follow-up of the familial transthyretin amyloidosis.
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20
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Abstract
Measuring the catalytic activity of immobilized enzymes underpins development of biosensing, bioprocessing, and analytical chemistry tools. To expand the range of approaches available for measuring enzymatic activity, we report on a technique to probe activity of enzymes immobilized in porous materials in the absence of confounding mass transport artifacts. We measured reaction kinetics of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) immobilized in benzophenone-modified polyacrylamide (BPMA-PAAm) gel films housed in an array of fluidically isolated chambers. To ensure kinetics measurements are not confounded by mass transport limitations, we employed Weisz's modulus (Φ), which compares observed enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates to characteristic substrate diffusion times. We characterized activity of CIAP immobilized in BPMA-PAAm gels in a reaction-limited regime (Φ ≪ 0.15 for all measurements), allowing us to isolate the effect of immobilization on enzymatic activity. Immobilization of CIAP in BPMA-PAAm gels produced a ∼2× loss in apparent enzyme-substrate affinity (Km) and ∼200× decrease in intrinsic catalytic activity (kcat) relative to in-solution measurements. As estimating Km and kcat requires multiple steps of data manipulation, we developed a computational approach (bootstrapping) to propagate uncertainty in calibration data through all data manipulation steps. Numerical simulation revealed that calibration error is only negligible when the normalized root-mean-squared error (NRMSE) in the calibration falls below 0.05%. Importantly, bootstrapping is independent of the mathematical model, and thus generalizable beyond enzyme kinetics studies. Furthermore, the measurement tool presented can be readily adapted to study other porous immobilization supports, facilitating rational design (immobilization method, geometry, enzyme loading) of immobilized-enzyme devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector D. Neira
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E. Herr
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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21
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Carvalho RR, Pujari SP, Vrouwe EX, Zuilhof H. Mild and Selective C-H Activation of COC Microfluidic Channels Allowing Covalent Multifunctional Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16644-16650. [PMID: 28481097 PMCID: PMC5437660 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plastics, such as cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), are becoming an increasingly popular material for microfluidics. COC is used, in part, because of its (bio)-chemical resistance. However, its inertness and hydrophobicity can be a major downside for many bioapplications. In this paper, we show the first example of a surface-bound selective C-H activation of COC into alcohol C-OH moieties under mild aqueous conditions at room temperature. The nucleophilic COC-OH surface allows for subsequent covalent attachments, such as of a H-terminated silane. The resulting hybrid material (COC-Si-H) was then modified via a photolithographic hydrosilylation in the presence of ω-functionalized 1-alkenes to form a new highly stable, solvent-resistant hybrid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Rijo Carvalho
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Micronit Microtechnologies B.V., Colosseum 15, 7521 PV Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin X. Vrouwe
- Micronit Microtechnologies B.V., Colosseum 15, 7521 PV Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
- E-mail:
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