1
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Tscheliessnig R, Silva GL, Plewka J, Jakob LA, Lichtenegger H, Jungbauer A, Dias-Cabral AC. Antibody-ligand interactions on a high-capacity staphylococcal protein A resin. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465102. [PMID: 38941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein-A affinity chromatography has been optimized for antibody purification, achieving a current capacity of up to 90 mg/ml in packed bed. The morphology of the particles, the number of antibodies bound per ligand and the spatial arrangement of the ligands were assessed by in-situ Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with measurement of adsorption isotherms. We employed SAXS measurements to probe the nanoscale structure of the chromatographic resin. From scanning electron microcopy, the morphology and area of the beads were obtained. The adsorption isotherm revealed a bi-Langmuirian behavior where the association constant varied with the critical bulk concentration, indicating multilayer adsorption. Determining the antibody-ligand stoichiometry was crucial for understanding the adsorption mechanism, which was estimated to be 4 at lower concentrations and 4.5 at higher concentrations, suggestive of reversible protein-protein interactions. The same results were reached from the in-situ small angle X-ray scattering measurements. A stoichiometry of 6 cannot be achieved since the two protein A monomers are anchored to the stationary phase and thus sterically hindered. Normalization through ellipsoids facilitated SAXS analysis, enabling the determination of distances between ligands and antibody-ligand complexes. Density fluctuations were examined by subtracting the elliptical fit, providing insights into ligand density distribution. The dense ligand packing of TOYOPEARL® AF-rProtein A HC was confirmed, making further increases in ligand density impractical. Additionally, SAXS analysis revealed structural rearrangements of the antibody-ligand complex with increasing antibody surface load, suggesting reversible association of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Tscheliessnig
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Goncalo L Silva
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Leo A Jakob
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Ana C Dias-Cabral
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã 6201-506, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã 6201-001, Portugal
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2
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Zürcher D, Caduff S, Aurand L, Capasso Palmiero U, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Comparison of the Protective Effect of Polysorbates, Poloxamer and Brij on Antibody Stability Against Different Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2853-2862. [PMID: 37295604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and antibodies are exposed to a variety of interfaces during their lifecycle, which can compromise their stability. Formulations, including surfactants, must be carefully optimized to improve interfacial stability against all types of surfaces. Here we apply a nanoparticle-based approach to evaluate the instability of four antibody drugs against different solid-liquid interfaces characterized by different degrees of hydrophobicity. We considered a model hydrophobic material as well as cycloolefin-copolymer (COC) and cellulose, which represent some of the common solid-liquid interfaces encountered during drug production, storage, and delivery. We assess the protective effect of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, Poloxamer 188 and Brij 35 in our assay and in a traditional agitation study. While all nonionic surfactants stabilize antibodies against the air-water interface, none of them can protect against hydrophilic charged cellulose. Polysorbates and Brij increase antibody stability in the presence of COC and the model hydrophobic interface, although to a lesser extent compared to the air-water interface, while Poloxamer 188 has a negligible stabilizing effect against these interfaces. These results highlight the challenge of fully protecting antibodies against all types of solid-liquid interfaces with traditional surfactants. In this context, our high-throughput nanoparticle-based approach can complement traditional shaking assays and assist in formulation design to ensure protein stability not only at air-water interfaces, but also at relevant solid-liquid interfaces encountered during the product lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Caduff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Aurand
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Wuchner
- Janssen R&D, BTDS Analytical Development, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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Kopp MRG, Grigolato F, Zürcher D, Das TK, Chou D, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Surface-Induced Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Biologics: Current Understanding of Mechanisms, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:377-385. [PMID: 36223809 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability against aggregation is a major quality concern for the production of safe and effective biopharmaceuticals. Amongst the different drivers of protein aggregation, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between proteins and interfaces represent a major risk factor for the formation of protein aggregates in aqueous solutions. Potentially harmful surfaces relevant to biologics manufacturing and storage include air-water and silicone oil-water interfaces as well as materials from different processing units, storage containers, and delivery devices. The impact of some of these surfaces, for instance originating from impurities, can be difficult to predict and control. Moreover, aggregate formation may additionally be complicated by the simultaneous presence of interfacial, hydrodynamic and mechanical stresses, whose contributions may be difficult to deconvolute. As a consequence, it remains difficult to identify the key chemical and physical determinants and define appropriate analytical methods to monitor and predict protein instability at these interfaces. In this review, we first discuss the main mechanisms of surface-induced protein aggregation. We then review the types of contact materials identified as potentially harmful or detected as potential triggers of proteinaceous particle formation in formulations and discuss proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we present current methods to probe surface-induced instabilities, which represent a starting point towards assays that can be implemented in early-stage screening and formulation development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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How neutron scattering techniques benefit investigating structures and dynamics of monoclonal antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130206. [PMID: 35872327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, great progresses have been made for the pharmaceutical industry of monoclonal antibody (mAb). More and more mAb products were approved for human therapeutics. This review describes the state of art of utilizing neutron scattering to investigate mAbs, in the aspects of structures, dynamics, physicochemical stability, functionality, etc. Firstly, brief histories of mAbs and neutron scattering, as well as some basic knowledges and principles of neutron scattering were introduced. Then specific examples were demonstrated. For the structure and structural evolution investigation of in dilute and concentrated mAbs solution, in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was frequently utilized. Neutron reflectometry (NR) is powerful to probe the absorption behaviors of mAbs on various surfaces and interfaces. While for dynamic investigation, quasi-elastic scattering techniques such as neutron spin echo (NSE) demonstrate the capabilities. With this review, how to utilize and take advantages of neutron scattering on investigating structures and dynamics of mAbs were demonstrated and discussed.
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5
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Chu X, Yang X, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Kinetic and molecular insight into immunoglobulin G binding to immobilized recombinant protein A of different orientations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:463040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Zhang Z, Marie Woys A, Hong K, Grapentin C, Khan TA, Zarraga IE, Wagner NJ, Liu Y. Adsorption of non-ionic surfactant and monoclonal antibody on siliconized surface studied by neutron reflectometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:429-438. [PMID: 33091867 PMCID: PMC11165629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on hydrophobic surfaces is known to cause protein aggregation and degradation. Therefore, surfactants, such as Poloxamer 188, are widely used in therapeutic formulations to stabilize mAbs and protect mAbs from interacting with liquid-solid interfaces. Here, the adsorption of Poloxamer 188, one mAb and their competitive adsorption on a model hydrophobic siliconized surface is investigated with neutron scattering coupled with contrast variation to determine the molecular structure of adsorbed layers for each case. Small angle neutron scattering measurements of the affinity of Poloxamer 188 to this mAb indicate that there is negligible binding at these solution conditions. Neutron reflectometry measurements of the mAb show irreversible adsorption on the siliconized surface, which cannot be washed off with neat buffer. Poloxamer 188 can be adsorbed on the surface already occupied by mAb, which enables partial removal of some adsorbed mAb by washing with buffer. The adsorption of the surfactant introduces significant conformational changes for mAb molecules that remain on the surface. In contrast, if the siliconized surface is first saturated with the surfactant, no adsorption of mAb is observed. Competitive adsorption of mAb and Poloxamer 188 from solution leads to a surface dominantly occupied with surfactant molecules, whereas only a minor amount of mAb absorbs. These findings clearly indicate that Poloxamer 188 can protect against mAb adsorption as well as modify the adsorbed conformation of previously adsorbed mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Zhang
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; Center for Neutron Science, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ann Marie Woys
- Department of Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Christoph Grapentin
- Pharmaceutical Development and Supplies, Pharma Technical Development, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik A Khan
- Pharmaceutical Development and Supplies, Pharma Technical Development, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isidro E Zarraga
- Department of Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Norman J Wagner
- Center for Neutron Science, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; Center for Neutron Science, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Over the last 10 years, neutron reflectometry (NR) has emerged as a powerful technique for the investigation of biologically relevant thin films. The great advantage of NR with respect to many other surface-sensitive techniques is its sub-nanometer resolution that enables structural characterizations at the molecular level. In the case of bio-relevant samples, NR is non-destructive and can be used to probe thin films at buried interfaces or enclosed in bulky sample environment equipment. Moreover, recent advances in biomolecular deutera-tion enabled new labeling strategies to highlight certain structural features and to resolve with better accuracy the location of chemically similar molecules within a thin film.
In this chapter I will describe some applications of NR to bio-relevant samples and discuss some of the data analysis approaches available for biological thin films. In particular, examples on the structural characterization of biomembranes, protein films and protein-lipid interactions will be described.
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8
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Recent Advances in Studying Interfacial Adsorption of Bioengineered Monoclonal Antibodies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092047. [PMID: 32353995 PMCID: PMC7249052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of biotherapeutics; as of 2020, dozens are commercialized medicines, over a hundred are in clinical trials, and many more are in preclinical developmental stages. Therapeutic mAbs are sequence modified from the wild type IgG isoforms to varying extents and can have different intrinsic structural stability. For chronic treatments in particular, high concentration (≥ 100 mg/mL) aqueous formulations are often preferred for at-home administration with a syringe-based device. MAbs, like any globular protein, are amphiphilic and readily adsorb to interfaces, potentially causing structural deformation and even unfolding. Desorption of structurally perturbed mAbs is often hypothesized to promote aggregation, potentially leading to the formation of subvisible particles and visible precipitates. Since mAbs are exposed to numerous interfaces during biomanufacturing, storage and administration, many studies have examined mAb adsorption to different interfaces under various mitigation strategies. This review examines recent published literature focusing on adsorption of bioengineered mAbs under well-defined solution and surface conditions. The focus of this review is on understanding adsorption features driven by distinct antibody domains and on recent advances in establishing model interfaces suitable for high resolution surface measurements. Our summary highlights the need to further understand the relationship between mAb interfacial adsorption and desorption, solution aggregation, and product instability during fill-finish, transport, storage and administration.
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9
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Papachristodoulou M, Doutch J, Leung HSB, Church A, Charleston T, Clifton LA, Butler PD, Roberts CJ, Bracewell DG. In situ neutron scattering of antibody adsorption during protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1617:460842. [PMID: 31928770 PMCID: PMC10986645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the nanoscale and mesoscale structure of chromatographic adsorbents and the distribution of proteins within the media, is critical to a mechanistic understanding of separation processes using these materials. Characterisation of the media's architecture at this scale and protein adsorption within, is challenging using conventional techniques. In this study, we propose a novel resin characterisation technique that enables in-situ measurement of the structure of the adsorbed protein layer within the resin, under typical chromatographic conditions. A quartz flow-through cell was designed and fabricated for use with Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), in order to measure the nanoscale to mesoscale structures of a silica based protein A chromatography resin during the monoclonal antibody sorption process. We were able to examine the pore-to-pore (˜133 nm) and pore size (˜63 nm) correlations of the resin and the in-plane adsorbed antibody molecules (˜ 4.2 nm) correlation at different protein loadings and washing buffers, in real time using a contrast matching approach. When 0.03 M sodium phosphate with 1 M urea and 10 % isopropanol buffer, pH 8, was introduced into the system as a wash buffer, it disrupted the system's order by causing partial unfolding of the adsorbed antibody, as evidenced by a loss of the in-plane protein correlation. This method offers new ways to investigate the nanoscale structure and ligand immobilisation within chromatography resins; and perhaps most importantly understand the in-situ behaviour of adsorbed proteins within the media under different mobile phase conditions within a sample environment replicating that of a chromatography column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papachristodoulou
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hoi Sang Beatrice Leung
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andy Church
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thomas Charleston
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Paul D Butler
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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10
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Reader PP, Olkhov RV, Reeksting S, Lubben A, Hyde CJ, Shaw AM. A rapid and quantitative technique for assessing IgG monomeric purity, calibrated with the NISTmAb reference material. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6487-6496. [PMID: 31375854 PMCID: PMC6718376 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fraction of intact monomer in a sample (moles/moles), the monomeric purity, is measured as a quality control in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies but is often unknown in research samples and remains a major source of variation in quantitative antibody-based techniques such as immunoassay development. Here, we describe a novel multiplex technique for estimating the monomeric purity and antigen affinity of research grade antibody samples. Light scattering was used to simultaneously observe the mass of antibody binding to biosensor surfaces functionalised with antigen (revealing Fab binding kinetics) or protein A/G (PAG). Initial estimates of monomeric purity in 7 antibody samples including a therapeutic infliximab biosimilar were estimated by observing a mass deficit on the PAG surface compared to the NISTmAb standard of high monomeric purity. Monomeric purity estimates were improved in a second step by observing the mass of antigen binding to the mass of antibody on the PAG surface. The NISTmAb and infliximab biosimilar displayed tightly controlled stoichiometries for antigen binding of 1.31 ± 0.57 and 1.71 ± 0.16 (95% confidence interval)—within the theoretical limit of 1–2 antigens per antibody depending on avidity. The other antibodies in the panel displayed antigen binding stoichiometries in the range 0.06–1.15, attributed to lower monomeric purity. The monomeric purity estimates were verified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI), the gold standard technique for structural characterization of antibodies. ESI data indicated that the NISTmAb and infliximab biosimilar samples had monomeric purity values of 93.5% and 94.7%, respectively, whilst the research grade samples were significantly lower (54–89%). Our results demonstrate rapid quality control testing for monomeric purity of antibody samples (< 15 min) which could improve the reproducibility of antibody-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Reader
- University of Exeter Medical School, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rouslan V Olkhov
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Shaun Reeksting
- Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Anneke Lubben
- Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Christopher J Hyde
- University of Exeter Medical School, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew M Shaw
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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11
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Plewka J, Silva GL, Tscheließnig R, Rennhofer H, Dias‐Cabral C, Jungbauer A, Lichtenegger HC. Antibody adsorption in protein-A affinity chromatography - in situ measurement of nanoscale structure by small-angle X-ray scattering. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4122-4132. [PMID: 30240534 PMCID: PMC6282589 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-A chromatography is the most widely used chromatography step in downstream processing of antibodies. A deeper understanding of the influence of the surface topology on a molecular/nanoscale level on adsorption is essential for further improvement. It is not clear if the binding is homogenous throughout the entire bead network. We followed the protein absorption process and observed the formation of a protein layer on fibers of chromatography resin in a time-resolved manner in nanoscale. To characterize the changes in the antibody-protein-A ligand complex, small angle X-ray scattering was employed using a miniaturized X-ray-transparent chromatography column packed with a MabSelect SuRe resin. Antibody-free MabSelect SuRe resin fiber had an average radius of 12 nm and the protein layer thickness resulting from antibody adsorption was 5.5 and 10.4 nm for fiber and junctions, respectively under applied native conditions. We hypothesize that an average of 1.2 antibodies were adsorbed per protein-A ligand tetramer bound to the outermost units. In contrast to previous studies, it was therefore possible for the first time to directly correlate the nanostructure changes inside the column, which is otherwise a black box, with the adsorption and elution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Plewka
- Department of Material Science and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and LifeSciencesViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Gonçalo L. Silva
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
- CICS‐UBI – Health Sciences Research CentreUniversity of Beira Interior
CovilhãPortugal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal
| | - Rupert Tscheließnig
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Harald Rennhofer
- Department of Material Science and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and LifeSciencesViennaAustria
| | - Cristina Dias‐Cabral
- CICS‐UBI – Health Sciences Research CentreUniversity of Beira Interior
CovilhãPortugal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Helga C. Lichtenegger
- Department of Material Science and Process EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and LifeSciencesViennaAustria
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12
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L Silva G, Plewka J, Lichtenegger H, Dias-Cabral AC, Jungbauer A, Tscheließnig R. The pearl necklace model in protein A chromatography: Molecular mechanisms at the resin interface. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:76-86. [PMID: 30252938 PMCID: PMC6587469 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein A chromatography is an established core technology for monoclonal antibody purification and capture in the downstream processing. MabSelect SuRe involves a tetrameric chain of a recombinant form of the B domain of staphylococcal protein A, called the Z-domain. Little is known about the stoichiometry, binding orientation, or preferred binding. We analyzed small-angle X-ray scattering data of the antibody-protein A complex immobilized in an industrial highly relevant chromatographic resin at different antibody concentrations. From scattering data, we computed the normalized radial density distributions. We designed three-dimensional (3D) models with protein data bank crystallographic structures of an IgG1 (the isoform of trastuzumab, used here; Protein Data Bank: 1HZH) and the staphylococcal protein A B domain (the native form of the recombinant structure contained in MabSelect SuRe resin; Protein Data Bank: 1BDD). We computed different binding conformations for different antibody to protein A stoichiometries (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) and compared the normalized radial density distributions computed from 3D models with those obtained from the experimental data. In the linear range of the isotherm we favor a 1:1 ratio, with the antibody binding to the outer domains in the protein A chain at very low and high concentrations. In the saturation region, a 2:1 ratio is more likely to occur. A 3:1 stoichiometry is excluded because of steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo L Silva
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana C Dias-Cabral
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Tscheließnig
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Zhang Z, Orski S, Woys AM, Yuan G, Zarraga IE, Wagner NJ, Liu Y. Adsorption of polysorbate 20 and proteins on hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces studied by neutron reflectometry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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