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Bomfim Bahia PV, Brandão BDRL, Machado ME. Deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic compounds in fuel, food and environmental samples. Talanta 2024; 277:126418. [PMID: 38879948 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) encompass a wide variety of organic analytes that have mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials for human health and are recalcitrant in the environment. Evaluating PACs levels in fuel (e.g., gasoline and diesel), food (e.g., grilled meat, fish, powdered milk, fruits, honey, and coffee) and environmental (e.g., industrial effluents, water, wastewater and marine organisms) samples are critical to determine the risk that these chemicals pose. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have garnered significant attention in recent years as a green alternative to traditional organic solvents employed in sample preparation. DES are biodegradable, have low toxicities, ease of synthesis, low cost, and a remarkable ability to extract PACs. However, no comprehensive assessment of the use of DESs for extracting PACs from fuel, food and environmental samples has been performed. This review focused on research involving the utilization of DESs to extract PACs in matrices such as PAHs in environmental samples, NSO-HET in fuels, and bisphenols in foods. Chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were also revised, considering the sensibility to quantify these compound types. In addition, the characteristics of DES and advantages and limitations for PACs in the context of green analytical chemistry principles (GAC) and green profile based on metrics provide perspective and directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Dos Reis Lago Brandão
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Rayaroth MP, Aravind UK, Boczkaj G, Aravindakumar CT. Singlet oxygen in the removal of organic pollutants: An updated review on the degradation pathways based on mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140203. [PMID: 37734498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of pollutants by a non-radical pathway involving singlet oxygen (1O2) is highly relevant in advanced oxidation processes. Photosensitizers, modified photocatalysts, and activated persulfates can generate highly selective 1O2 in the medium. The selective reaction of 1O2 with organic pollutants results in the evolution of different intermediate products. While these products can be identified using mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, predicting a proper degradation mechanism in a 1O2-based process is still challenging. Earlier studies utilized MS techniques in the identification of intermediate products and the mechanism was proposed with the support of theoretical calculations. Although some reviews have been reported on the generation of 1O2 and its environmental applications, a proper review of the degradation mechanism by 1O2 is not yet available. Hence, we reviewed the possible degradation pathways of organic contaminants in 1O2-mediated oxidation with the support of density functional theory (DFT). The Fukui function (FF, f-, f+, and f0), HOMO-LUMO energies, and Gibbs free energies obtained using DFT were used to identify the active site in the molecule and the degradation mechanism, respectively. Electrophilic addition, outer sphere type single electron transfer (SET), and addition to the hetero atoms are the key mechanisms involved in the degradation of organic contaminants by 1O2. Since environmental matrices contain several contaminants, it is difficult to experiment with all contaminants to identify their intermediate products. Therefore, the DFT studies are useful for predicting the intermediate compounds during the oxidative removal of the contaminants, especially for complex composition wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA.
| | - Usha K Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 80-233, Gdansk, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India; Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India.
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3
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Irfan S, Murtaza MA, Mueen Ud Din G, Hafiz I, Murtaza MS, Rafique S, Ameer K, Abrar M, Mohamed Ahmed IA. Physicochemical, microbial, and functional attributes of processed Cheddar cheese fortified with olive oil-whey protein isolate emulsion. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1247-1256. [PMID: 36911832 PMCID: PMC10003027 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) has triacylglycerols, phenolics, and other antioxidants in its composition playing significant roles in maintaining health and reducing the onset of diseases. This study aimed to analyze the quality, antioxidant, textural profile, and sensory properties of processed Cheddar cheese fortified with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (v/w) olive oil-whey protein isolate emulsion during 60 days of storage period. The results showed that processed cheese had significantly higher (p < .05) antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoids contents, whereas nonsignificant increase (p > .05) in moisture and acidity while decreasing tendencies in pH, fat, protein, and ash contents. Sensory analysis showed that processed Cheddar cheese with 5% emulsion had higher taste, aroma, texture/appearance, overall acceptability scores, and hardness. Conclusively, results indicated that olive oil-whey protein isolate emulsion could be beneficial for manufacturing and commercializing processed cheeses, analogs, or spreads with improved nutritional value and sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeqa Irfan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan.,Department of Food Science and Technology University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mueen Ud Din
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Iram Hafiz
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Mian Shamas Murtaza
- Department of Food Science and Technology MNS University of Agriculture Multan Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rafique
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Kashif Ameer
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abrar
- Post Harvest Research Centre, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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4
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Kumar A, Sharma C. Recent update of the various sources originating ghost peaks in gas chromatography: A review. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Atapattu SN, Rosenfeld JM. Analytical derivatizations in environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463348. [PMID: 35901668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Analytical derivatization is a technique that alters the structure of an analyte and produces a product more suitable for analysis. While this process can be time-consuming and add reagents to the procedure, it can also facilitate the isolation of the analyte(s), enhance analytes' stability, improve separation and sensitivity, and reduce matrix interferences. Since derivatization is a functional group analysis, it improves selectivity by separating reactive from neutral compounds during sample preparation. This technique introduces detector-orientated tags into analytes that lack suitable physicochemical properties for detection at low concentrations. Notably, many regulatory bodies, especially those in the environmental field, require these characteristics in analytical methods. This review focuses on note-worthy analytical derivatization methods employed in environmental analyses with functional groups, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, and thiol in aqueous, soil, and atmospheric sample matrices. Both advantages and disadvantages of analytical derivatization techniques are discussed. In addition, we discuss the future directions of analytical derivatization methods in environmental analysis and the potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Rita AI, Nabais AR, Neves LA, Huertas R, Santos M, Madeira LM, Sanches S. Assessment of the Potential of Using Nanofiltration Polymeric and Ceramic Membranes to Treat Refinery Spent Caustic Effluents. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010098. [PMID: 35054624 PMCID: PMC8779506 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spent caustic effluents are very challenging due to their very hazardous nature in terms of toxicity as well as their extreme pH (approximately 12–14). Spent caustic has presented a challenge for wastewater treatment in refineries, due to its composition rich in mercaptans, sulfides and other aromatic compounds. To address such problems, membrane filtration was studied using real effluents from Sines Refinery, in Portugal. The present study attempts to assess the potential for spent caustic treatment with nanofiltration (NF) polymeric and ceramic membranes, assessing membrane life expectancy. For that, membrane aging studies in static mode were performed with the polymeric membrane before attempting NF treatment (dynamic studies). A ceramic membrane was also tested for the first time with this type of effluents, though only in dynamic mode. Although the polymeric membrane performance was very good and in accordance with previous studies, its lifespan was very reduced after 6 weeks of contact with spent caustic, compromising its use in an industrial unit. Contrarily to expectations, the ceramic membrane tested was not chemically more resistant than the polymeric one upon direct contact with spent caustic (loss of retention capacity in less than 1 h in contact with the spent caustic). The results obtained suggest that a pH of 13.9 is very aggressive, even for ceramic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Rita
- Sines Refinery, Petrogal S.A., 7520-952 Sines, Portugal; (A.I.R.); (M.S.)
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (L.A.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Ana Rita Nabais
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (L.A.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Luisa A. Neves
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (L.A.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Rosa Huertas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (L.A.N.); (R.H.)
- IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Santos
- Sines Refinery, Petrogal S.A., 7520-952 Sines, Portugal; (A.I.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Luis M. Madeira
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Sanches
- IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Ibragic S, Barbini S, Oberlerchner JT, Potthast A, Rosenau T, Böhmdorfer S. Antioxidant properties and qualitative analysis of phenolic constituents in Ephedra spp. by HPTLC together with injection port derivatization GC-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122877. [PMID: 34371347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ephedra herb extracts are being extensively investigated in terms of their antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties, with phenolic components being the general carriers of these bioactivities. Here we describe a comprehensive set of analytical methods employed to determine and characterize both the antioxidative activity and the qualitative profile of phenolic acids and flavonoids present in several Ephedra species of different geographical origin. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidative activity. Multi-development HPTLC enabled chemical fingerprinting which can be used for species differentiation. Individual spots of the thin-layer chromatogram were subjected to GC-MS with injection port derivatization for identification, which was based on both the detected mass spectra and recorded retention indices. The results were compared and complemented with GC-MS using offline derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Ibragic
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Stefano Barbini
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Josua Timotheus Oberlerchner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefan Böhmdorfer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU University), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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8
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Vargas-Muñoz MA, Cerdà V, Turnes Palomino G, Palacio E. Determination of long-chain fatty acids in anaerobic digester supernatant and olive mill wastewater exploiting an in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization-free GC-MS method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3833-3845. [PMID: 33939004 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are commonly found in lipid-rich wastewaters and are a key factor to monitor the anaerobic digesters. A new simple, fast, precise, and suitable method for routine analysis of LCFA is proposed. The system involves in-syringe-magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) without a derivatization process. Calibration curves were prepared in an ethanol solution (R2 ≥ 0.996), which was also useful as disperser solvent. Hexane was chosen as the extraction solvent. Several parameters (pH, ionic strength, extraction solvent volume, stirring time) were optimized in multivariate and univariate studies. Limits of detection (LODs) were found in the range 0.01-0.05 mg L-1 and good precision inter-day (RSDs≤7.9%) and intra-day (RSDs≤4.4%) were obtained. The method was applied to quantify LCFA in supernatants of anaerobic digesters and olive mill wastewaters (OMW). Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids were the most abundant fatty acid in the analyzed samples and the relative recoveries for all of them were between 81 and 113%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vargas-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Sciware Systems, S.L., C/Pi 37, 07193, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Gemma Turnes Palomino
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Edwin Palacio
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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9
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Rita A, Rodrigues C, Santos M, Sanches S, Madeira L. Comparison of different strategies to treat challenging refinery spent caustic effluents. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Evaluation of Reductions in Fume Emissions (VOCs and SVOCs) from Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Natural Zeolite and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Sustainable Pavements. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional asphalt mixtures used for road paving require high manufacturing temperatures and therefore high energy expenditure, which has a negative environmental impact and creates risk in the workplace owing to high emissions of pollutants, greenhouse gases, and toxic fumes. Reducing energy consumption and emissions is a continuous challenge for the asphalt industry. Previous studies have focused on the reduction of emissions without characterizing their composition, and detailed characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in asphalt fumes is scarce. This communication describes the characterization and evaluation of VOCs and SVOCs from asphalt mixtures prepared at lower production temperatures using natural zeolite; in some cases, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used. Fumes were extracted from different asphalt mix preparations using a gas syringe and then injected into hermetic gas sample bags. The compounds present in the fumes were sampled with a fiber and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In general, the preparation of warm mix asphalts (WMA) using RAP and natural zeolite as aggregates showed beneficial effects, reducing VOCs and SVOCs compared to hot mix asphalts (HMA). The fumes captured presented a similar composition to those from HMA, consisting principally of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds but with few halogenated compounds and no polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, the paving mixtures described here are a friendlier alternative for the environment and for the health of road workers, in addition to permitting the re-use of RAP.
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Silva M, Bjørnstad T. Determination of phase-partitioning tracer candidates in production waters from oilfields based on solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461508. [PMID: 32858453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present document, we report the development of an analytical method consisting of a sequential direct-immersion/headspace solid-phase microextraction (DI-HS-SPME) followed by gas-phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for simultaneous analysis of 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, pyridine, and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine in oilfield production waters. These compounds are under evaluation for use as phase-partitioning tracers in oil reservoirs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time SPME has been applied to the analysis of these compounds in production waters, or any other type of matrix where the compounds targeted are the base for a technical application. Relevant extraction parameters, such as the adsorbent phase of the fiber, direct immersion or headspace, addition of salt, temperature and time of extraction were investigated. The final optimal operation conditions consist on extracting 5 mL of sample at pH 9.0 with 1.8 g of NaCl with constant stirring during 5 minutes of DI-SPME followed by 15 minutes of HS-SPME at 70 °C using a DVB/CAR/PDMS (50/30 µm) fiber. The limits of quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated. Analyses of the tracer compounds and recovery studies were also performed on production waters from 8 different oilfields of the Norwegian continental shelf. LOQs between 0.080 and 0.35 µg L-1 were obtained. The recovery yields of the method were consistently higher than 85% and RSDs less than 13%. None of the tracer compounds was found in the real samples processed, which is consistent with one of the requirements for an artificial tracer in an oilfield: absence or constant and low background in the traced fluid. The performance of the method developed, combined with its easiness to automate, introduce a new, accurate and cost-efficient technique to process the hundreds of samples required by an inter-well tracer test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Silva
- The National IOR Centre of Norway, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; Department of Energy Resources, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Department of Tracer Technology, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Tor Bjørnstad
- The National IOR Centre of Norway, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Department of Tracer Technology, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
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12
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da Cunha KF, Lanaro R, Martins AF, Oliveira KD, Costa JL. Use of injection-port derivatization for the analysis of cocaine and its metabolites in urine by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-020-00545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Hou X, Yu H, Yan S, Xiao J, Sun M, Wu W. Cationic polyelectrolyte/graphene oxide as an efficient sorbent for the extraction and analysis of trace acidic herbicides in vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Trends in Ozonation Disinfection By-Products—Occurrence, Analysis and Toxicity of Carboxylic Acids. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is becoming a common disinfection method for drinking water treatment. This has prompted the investigation of ozonation disinfection by-products (ODBPs) in drinking water. Ozonation generates a diverse range of carbonyl disinfection by-products, including carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and aldo-ketoacids. Among these ODBPs, carboxylic acid by-products (CABPs) are observed in higher concentrations compared to other carbonyl by-products. However, relatively little research has been conducted on CABPs, including their precursors, formation and occurrence, methods of detection and toxicity. This review outlines the occurrence and variability of CABPs in a number of water sources treated and disinfected with ozonation. It considers the effect of ozonation parameters, including ozone dose, temperature and time of ozonation on the formation of CABPs. The review also discusses the various analytical approaches for CABP quantification, as well as their possible toxicity in drinking water.
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16
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Makoś P, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Methods of assaying volatile oxygenated organic compounds in effluent samples by gas chromatography—A review. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:143-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Kim H, Cho Y, Lee BS, Choi IS. In-situ derivatization and headspace solid-phase microextraction for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of alkyl methylphosphonic acids following solid-phase extraction using thin film. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1599:17-24. [PMID: 30987786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method, involving solid-phase extraction and in-situ derivatization using polymeric thin film, was developed for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the degradation products of nerve agents. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) was performed using poly([2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) film on a gold plate prepared via surface-initiated polymerization. The extracted analytes were directly derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) on the plate. Various parameters like fiber type, headspace time, temperature, and amount of BSTFA were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range 7.0-13.1% and the limits of detection (LODs) were measured to be between 10 and 20 pg mL-1. The application of the developed method was tested using the 35th Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) proficiency test sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Chemical and Biological Defense Department, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, South Korea
| | - Yungyeong Cho
- Chemical and Biological Defense Department, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, South Korea
| | - Bong Soo Lee
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Bendjama H, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, Bouhelassa M. UV-photolysis of Chlorazol Black in aqueous media: Process intensification using acetone and evidence of methyl radical implication in the degradation process. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Determination of volatile fatty acids in digestate by solvent extraction with dimethyl carbonate and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Makoś P, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as “green” extraction media for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1570:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Makoś P, Fernandes A, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Sample preparation procedure using extraction and derivatization of carboxylic acids from aqueous samples by means of deep eutectic solvents for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1555:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Makoś P, Fernandes A, Boczkaj G. Method for the simultaneous determination of monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial effluents using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2360-2367. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - André Fernandes
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
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