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Development of UHPLC-MS/MS methods to quantify 25 antihypertensive drugs in serum in a cohort of patients treated for hypertension. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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de Faria HD, Silveira AT, Carvalhodo Prado B, Nacif JLM, Rosa MA, da Rocha dos Santos J, Santos PCJL, Figueiredo EC, Martins I. ONLINE BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE PREPARATION WITH RESTRICTED ACCESS HYBRID CARBON NANOTUBES FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTI-SMOKING DRUGS. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Wang H, Huang C, Ma S, Bo C, Ou J, Gong B. Recent advances of restricted access molecularly imprinted materials and their applications in food and biological samples analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Magnetic Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction Using a Novel Carbon-Based Composite Coupled with HPLC-MS/MS for Steroid Multiclass Determination in Human Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072061. [PMID: 33916782 PMCID: PMC8038327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A micron-sized sorbent, Magn-Humic, has been prepared by humic acids pyrolysis onto silica-coated magnetite. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area measurements and applied for simultaneous magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of glucocorticoids, estrogens, progestogens, and androgens at ng mL−1 levels from human plasma followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Due to the low affinity for proteins, steroids extraction was done with no need for proteins precipitation/centrifugation. As highlighted by a design of experiments, MSPE was performed on 250 µL plasma (after 1:4 dilution) by 50 mg Magn-Humic (reusable for eight extractions) achieving quantitative recovery and satisfying clean-up. This was improved by washing (2 mL 2% v/v formic acid) prior to analytes elution by 0.5 mL 1:1 v/v methanol-acetonitrile followed by 0.5 mL methanol; eluate reduction to 0.25 mL compensated the initial sample dilution. The accuracy was assessed in certified blank fetal bovine serum and in human plasma, gaining satisfactory recovery in the range 65–122%, detection limits in the range 0.02–0.3 ng mL−1 (0.8 ng mL−1 for 17-β-estradiol) and suitable inter-day precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) <14%, n = 3). The method was evaluated in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, matrix-effect, instrumental carry-over, and it was applied to human plasma samples.
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Abrão LCDC, Silveira AT, de Faria HD, Machado SC, Mendes TV, Plácido RV, Marciano LPDA, Martins I. Toxicological analyses: analytical method validation for prevention or diagnosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:18-32. [PMID: 33081560 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1839612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need for reliable results in Toxicological Analysis is recognized and required worldwide. The analytical validation ensures that a method will provide trustworthy information about a particular sample when applied in accordance with a predefined protocol, being able to determine a specific analyte at a distinct concentration range for a well-defined purpose. The driving force for developing method validation for bioanalytical projects comes from the regulatory agencies. Thus, the approach of this work is to present theoretical and practical aspects of method validation based on the analysis objective, whether for prevention or diagnosis. Although various legislative bodies accept differing interpretations of requirements for validation, the process for applying validation criteria should be adaptable for each scientific intent or analytical purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Thalison Silveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dipe de Faria
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Simone Caetani Machado
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tássia Venga Mendes
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vicentino Plácido
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
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Zhou J, Hu Y, Chen P, Zhang H. Preparation of restricted access monolithic tip via unidirectional freezing and atom transfer radical polymerization for directly extracting magnolol and honokiol from rat plasma followed by liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461238. [PMID: 32709314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel strategy based on unidirectional freezing and atom transfer radical polymerization combined with activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET-ATRP) was applied to synthesizing orderly macroporous monolithic column with restricted-access (RA) property in a 1000μL pipette tip. The RA column was composed of hydrophobic inner column (poly(styrene-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and hydrophilic outer layer (poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate chain) which was grafted on the hydrophobic surface by means of the second ARGET-ATRP reaction. The as-prepared RA monolithic tip was connected to a 2mL syringe for directly extracting magnolol and honokiol from rat plasma just by manually pushing operation. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the column were characterized by scanning electronic microscope, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively. The determined results of evaluation experiments based on the optimized solid phase extraction conditions showed that the RA column possessed good protein exclusion power, extraction recovery and reusability. The constructed RA-SPE-HPLC/UV method for simultaneously analyzing magnolol and honokiol in rat plasma was validated with quality control (QC) samples at four concentration levels. Good precision (RSDs, 3.39~11.16%) and acceptable accuracy (relative recoveries, 89.52%~108.42%) were obtained for intra- and inter-day assays. The determined results of real rat plasma as well as the standard-addition samples demonstrated the developed method with good accuracy and precision. It can be extrapolated from the experimental results that this simple and cost-efficient RA-SPE method is also suitable for directly extracting other hydrophobic constituents in biological body fluid for therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaoyao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peichun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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7
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Speltini A, Merlo F, Maraschi F, Villani L, Profumo A. HA-C@silica sorbent for simultaneous extraction and clean-up of steroids in human plasma followed by HPLC-MS/MS multiclass determination. Talanta 2020; 221:121496. [PMID: 33076100 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim and novelty of this work are the development of a simple and straightforward analytical procedure for multiclass determination of steroid hormones in human plasma. The method entails a single pre-treatment step based on solid-phase extraction using a recently proposed sorbent phase (HA-C@silica). This is easily prepared with good reproducibility via pyrolysis of humic acids onto silica, and not yet tested in biological fluids. It proved to be advantageous as it showed poor affinity for the protein matrix constituents while quantitatively extracting and pre-concentrating the target analytes. Indeed, as demonstrated in bovine serum albumin solution, up to ca. 90% protein is not retained by the sorbent, similarly to the behaviour of restricted access carbon nanotubes, tested for comparison. The high albumin exclusion allowed a satisfactory clean-up avoiding protein precipitation and centrifugation before extraction. The extraction procedure, optimized by a chemometric approach (23 experimental design) in BSA solution, provided quantitative recovery (76-119%, n = 3) for all steroids working with 1:8-diluted plasma (2 mL) and 100 mg HA-C@silica. Before analytes elution by 1 mL methanol-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), selective washings (2% v/v formic acid and 30% v/v methanol) were applied to remove the small fraction of retained proteins, thus obtaining very clean SPE extracts to be analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. This allowed identification/quantification (MRM mode) at few ng mL-1 by a single chromatographic run. The procedure was verified in blank-certified foetal bovine serum (spikes 10-100 ng mL-1), obtaining good recovery and suitable inter-day precision (RSDs < 15%, n = 3). The analytical method, applied to real plasma samples analysis, is appealing in terms of sample throughput, extraction efficiency and clean-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Speltini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Merlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luana Villani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Wu S, Fan X, Jiang J, Ho CM, Ding X, Lou Y, Fan G. Validation of a universal and highly sensitive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the quantification of pyrazinamide, ethambutol, protionamide, and clofazimine in different biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1151:122141. [PMID: 32526663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel and potent anti-tuberculosis drug combination pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB), protionamide (PTO), and clofazimine (CFZ) that rapidly kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs has been identified using the artificial-intelligence-enabled parabolic response surface approach. A universal and highly sensitive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of PZA, EMB, PTO, and CFZ in various biological samples in different states (liquid samples: plasma, bile, and urine; solid samples: tissue and feces) using simple pretreatment was established and validated. For the first dimension of this column-switching arrangement, the automated purification and enrichment of the drugs were achieved on a Polar-RP column. The subsequent analytical separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq column, and the total loop time was 7.5 min. The positive-ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring was used for detection. The sensitivity was good with no carry-over detected, and the lower limit of quantification ranged from 100 to 500 pg/mL. This quantification method was fully validated and proved to be robust in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. High recoveries (85.3-111.4%) and accuracies (92.1-109.3%), together with high precision values (0.5-13.8%), were verified in all matrices. All standard curves showed favorable linearities with r2 > 0.995. This validated method was applied to study plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion in Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of the drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Wu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xianyu Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Cruz JC, de Faria HD, Figueiredo EC, Queiroz MEC. Restricted access carbon nanotube for microextraction by packed sorbent to determine antipsychotics in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2465-2475. [PMID: 32025768 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of the restricted access carbon nanotube (RACNT) as a selective stationary phase for microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) to determine antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine) in untreated plasma samples from schizophrenic patients by ultra-high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The synthesis was achieved by chemically covering commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to subsequently pack the material in a polyethylene conical tube (1000 μL). The RACNTs' sorbents were able to exclude about 97% of the plasma proteins, maintaining the same performance for about 100 assays. The MEPS variables (sample pH, draw-eject cycles, desorption and phase cleanup) were evaluated to improve sensibility and selectivity. The MEPS/UHPLC-MS/MS method was linear at concentrations ranging from the lower limit of quantification (10.0 ng mL-1) to the upper limit of quantification (200-700 ng mL-1) with coefficients of determinations higher than 0.99. The precision assays presented relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 13%, and the accuracy assays presented relative error (RE) values that ranged from - 8.01 to 11.53%. Neither significant matrix effects nor carryover was observed. The developed method was successfully applied to determine antipsychotics drugs for therapeutic drug monitoring of schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Carneiro Cruz
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dipe de Faria
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses - LATF, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses - LATF, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.
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10
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Campos do Lago A, da Silva Cavalcanti MH, Rosa MA, Silveira AT, Teixeira Tarley CR, Figueiredo EC. Magnetic restricted-access carbon nanotubes for dispersive solid phase extraction of organophosphates pesticides from bovine milk samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1102:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Melnyk T, Đorđević S, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Therapeutic potential of polypeptide-based conjugates: Rational design and analytical tools that can boost clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:136-169. [PMID: 33091502 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of polypeptides as polymeric drugs, covered by the umbrella term "polymer therapeutics," combined with related scientific and technological breakthroughs, explain their exponential growth in the development of polypeptide-drug conjugates as therapeutic agents. A deeper understanding of the biology at relevant pathological sites and the critical biological barriers faced, combined with advances regarding controlled polymerization techniques, material bioresponsiveness, analytical methods, and scale up-manufacture processes, have fostered the development of these nature-mimicking entities. Now, engineered polypeptides have the potential to combat current challenges in the advanced drug delivery field. In this review, we will discuss examples of polypeptide-drug conjugates as single or combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical studies as therapeutics and molecular imaging tools. Importantly, we will critically discuss relevant examples to highlight those parameters relevant to their rational design, such as linking chemistry, the analytical strategies employed, and their physicochemical and biological characterization, that will foster their rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Melnyk
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Snežana Đorđević
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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A target integration strategy for analyzing multidimensional chemical and metabolic substance groups of Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan prescription by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Maciel EVS, de Toffoli AL, Neto ES, Nazario CED, Lanças FM. New materials in sample preparation: Recent advances and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Magnetic restricted access carbon nanotubes for smooth Cu and Zn extraction from Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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15
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He J, Yuan J, Du J, Chen X, Zhang X, Ma A, Pan J. Automated on-line SPE determination of amisulpride in human plasma using LC coupled with restricted-access media column. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Maciel EVS, de Toffoli AL, Lanças FM. Current status and future trends on automated multidimensional separation techniques employing sorbent-based extraction columns. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:258-272. [PMID: 30289207 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Determination of target analytes present in complex matrices requires a suitable sample preparation approach to efficiently remove the analytes of interest from a medium containing several interferers while at the same time preconcentrating them aiming to improve the output signal detection. Online multidimensional solid-phase separation techniques have been widely used for the analysis of different contaminants in complex matrices such as food, environmental, and biological samples, among others. These online techniques usually consist of two steps performed in two different columns (extraction and analytical column), the first being employed to extract the analytes of interest from the original medium and the latter to separate them from the interferers. The extraction column in multidimensional techniques presents a relevant role since their variations as building material (usually a tube), sorbent material, modes of application, and so on can significantly influence the extraction success. The main features of such columns are subject of constant research aiming improvements directly related to the performance of the separation techniques that utilize multidimensional analysis. The present review highlights the main features of extraction columns online coupled to chromatographic techniques, inclusive for in-tube solid-phase microextraction, online solid phase and turbulent flow, aiming the determination of analytes present at very low concentrations in complex matrices. It will critically describe and discuss some of the most common instrumental set up as well as comments on recent applications of these multidimensional techniques. Besides that, the authors have described some properties and enhancements of the extraction columns that are used as first dimension on these systems, such as type of column material (poly (ether ether ketone), fused silica, stainless steel, and other materials) and the way that the extractive phase is accommodated inside the tubing (filled and open tubular). Practical applications of this approach in fields such as environment, food, and bioanalysis are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Lúcia de Toffoli
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Liang Y, Zhou T. Recent advances of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:226-242. [PMID: 30136406 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques are favored because of their high efficiency and fast analysis speed. Although many sample preparation techniques have been coupled with common liquid chromatography online, the online coupling of sample preparation with the two popular chromatography techniques have gained increasing attention owing to the increasing requirements of efficiency and sensitivity. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the recent advances of the online coupling of sample preparation with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques. The main sample preparation techniques that have been coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography online are solid-phase extraction and in-tube solid-phase microextraction, while solid-phase extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are the main techniques that have been coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography online. Especially, the strategies for online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques were summarized. Typical applications and growing trends of the online coupling techniques were also discussed in detail. With the increasing demands of improving the efficiency, throughput, and analytical capability toward complex samples of the analysis methods, online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques will acquire further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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