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Gouyon J, Clavié M, Raquel GC, Ngo G, Dumy P, Etienne P, Martineau P, Pugnière M, Ahmad M, Subra G, Perrin C, Ladner Y. A bioinspired approach for the modulation of electroosmotic flow and protein-surface interactions in capillary electrophoresis using silylated amino-amides blocks and covalent grafting. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:557-572. [PMID: 38161236 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We explore a bioinspired approach to design tailored functionalized capillary electrophoresis (CE) surfaces based on covalent grafting for biomolecules analysis. First, the approach aims to overcome well-known common obstacles in CE protein analysis affecting considerably the CE performance (asymmetry, resolution, and repeatability) such as the unspecific adsorption on fused silica surface and the lack of control of electroosmotic flow (EOF). Then, our approach, which relies on new amino-amide mimic hybrid precursors synthesized by silylation of amino-amides (Si-AA) derivatives with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, aims to recapitulate the diversity of protein-protein interactions (π-π stacking, ionic, Van der Waals…) found in physiological condition (bioinspired approach) to improve the performance of CE protein analysis (electrochromatography). As a proof of concept, these silylated Si-AA (tyrosinamide silylation, serinamide silylation, argininamide silylation, leucinamide silylation, and isoglutamine silylation acid) have been covalently grafted in physiological conditions in different amount on bare fused silica capillary giving rise to a biomimetic coating and allowing both the modulation of EOF and protein-surface interactions. The analytical performances of amino-amide functionalized capillaries were assessed using lysozyme, cytochrome C and ribonuclease A and compared to traditional capillary coatings poly(ethylene oxide), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and sodium poly(styrenesulfonate). EOF, protein adsorption rate, protein retention factor k, and selectivity were determined for each coating. All results obtained showed this approach allowed to modulate the EOF, reduce unspecific adsorption, and generate specific interactions with proteins by varying the nature and the amount of Si-AA in the functionalization mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gouyon
- IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Margaux Clavié
- IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giang Ngo
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Etienne
- l2C, CNRS UMR 5221, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Martineau
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Ahmad
- ICGM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Perrin
- IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yoann Ladner
- IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ahmed MA, Ghiasvand A, Quirino JP. Dynamic in situ growth of bonded-phase silica nanospheres on silica capillary inner walls for open-tubular liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4923-4934. [PMID: 37351669 PMCID: PMC10386930 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanospheres (SNS) were grown on the inner walls of silica capillaries through a dynamic in situ nucleation process to prepare a highly porous and large accessible surface area substrate. The SNS were then functionalized with octadecyl (C18), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and amino groups to develop robust and efficient chromatographic stationary phases. The modified silica capillaries were exploited for open-tubular liquid chromatography (OT-LC) and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) applications. The prepared stationary phases were compared to conventional capillaries in terms of separation performance. The synthesis process was optimized, and the bonded-phase stationary phases were characterized by the electron microscopy technique. The effects of different solvents, additives, and functional groups on the geometry and chromatographic resolving power of the SNS were envisaged. The capillaries modified with octadecyl groups were evaluated for the separation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenones, alkenylbenzenes, and enantiomers of chlorophenoxy herbicides. As an application instance, an SNS-C18-coated capillary was utilized for the separation of alkenylbenzenes from clove extract and protein digest medium, through OT-LC and OT-CEC techniques, respectively. The β-CD functionalized capillary was applied for the OT-CEC separation of a dichlorprop racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel Ahmed
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research On Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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Wang A, Liu K, Tian M, Yang L. Open Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Underivatized Amino Acid Enantiomers with a Porous Layer-Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Chiral Column. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9252-9260. [PMID: 35713648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By developing a novel chiral column, we integrate open tubular capillary electrochromatography into sheathless mass spectrometry (MS) for efficient analysis of underivatized amino acid enantiomers. The chiral column is easily fabricated by modifying the inner surface of a capillary with a three-dimensional porous layer (PL, thickness ∼ 90 nm, pore size ∼ 30 nm) and gold nanoparticles and by introducing a chiral selector, thiol β-cyclodextrin (SH-β-CD), onto the modified surface via Au-S bonds. This approach greatly enhances the specific surface area and thus the ratio of the stationary phase to mobile phase and interaction between the stationary phase and analytes. The proposed PLOT@Au@CD column is coupled to the sheathless CE-ESI-MS system for chiral analysis of amino acid enantiomers. No derivatization of amino acids is required for chiral analysis, and baseline separation of a total of 15 pairs of amino acid enantiomers is achieved within 17 min with high column efficiencies of 5.60 × 104 to 1.82 × 106 N/m, high resolutions of 1.51-10.0, and low limits of detection between 0.02 and 0.09 μg/mL. The separation efficiency and MS intensity are only slightly decreased over 60 runs or after usage for 15 days, showing excellent repeatability and stability of the PLOT@Au@CD column. The proposed method is successfully applied to the determination of amino acid enantiomers in vinegar samples with satisfactory accuracy. Our study provides a new approach for developing a chiral stationary phase in the chromatographic separation technique, which can be easily coupled to sensitive MS detection, thus it would be of value for various applications in the fields of chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.,Hangzhou Puyu Technology Development Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
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Obma A, Hemwech P, Phoolpho S, Bumrungpuech R, Wirasate S, Kaowphong S, Wilairat P, Chantiwas R. Silica nanolayer coated capillary by hydrothermal sol-gel process for amines separation and detection of tyramine in food products. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7460. [PMID: 35523909 PMCID: PMC9076594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrothermal sol–gel method for reproducible formation of silica nanolayer on the wall of silica capillaries was developed for electrochromatography. The formulation was optimized by observation of uniform gel formation on an optical microscope. The variables of the formulation include types of solvent, water-TEOS ratio, CTAB and urea contents, and mixing method. The procedure produced a coating of silica ca. 100 nm thick layer on the wall of the capillary. Surface morphology of the coating was characterized by SEM, contact angle and chemical composition by FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The coating reduced the electroosmotic mobility producing enhanced separation performance. Eight standard amines (including tyramine and benzhydrylamine, as an internal standard) were separated with peak resolution Rs ≥ 2 for all adjacent peaks and plate number N ≥ 3.0 × 104 m-1. Calibration was linear from 5 to 200 µg L-1, with r2 > 0.9985 and instrumental LOD of 4.9 μg L-1. Five samples of food products were diluted and analyzed for the amines using the coated capillary and only tyramine was detected. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 1.2%RSD. Percent recoveries of spiked tyramine in samples were 95 ± 3 to 106 ± 7% (n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Obma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattamaporn Hemwech
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Phoolpho
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Bumrungpuech
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supa Wirasate
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center for Surface Science and Engineering and Rubber Technology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sulawan Kaowphong
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- Analytical Sciences and National Doping Test Institute, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rattikan Chantiwas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Liu R, Yi G, Ji B, Liu X, Gui Y, Xia Z, Fu Q. Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Immobilized Enzyme Microreactors Integrated with Capillary Electrochromatography for High-Efficiency Enzyme Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6540-6547. [PMID: 35465669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gaoyi Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jintang Hospital, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610400, China
| | - Baian Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiuqiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jintang Hospital, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610400, China
| | - Yuanqi Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Capillary electrophoresis-UV analysis using silica-layer coated capillary for separation of seven phenolic acids and caffeine and its application to tea analysis. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This work presents an innovative silica-layer coated capillary with comparison study of the silica-layer coated capillary and the fused-silica capillary for the separation of seven phenolic acids viz. p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), caffeic acid (CFA), (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (DHPA), gallic acid (GLA), and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THBA), together with caffeine (CF), by capillary electro-chromatography (CEC) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), respectively. The running buffer was 25.0 mM borate at pH 9.0, with addition of 50.0 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate for the MEKC mode. The non-coated capillary could not separate all seven phenolic acids by CEC or MEKC. This was achieved using the coated capillary for both CEC and MEKC. The innovative coated capillary with CEC had plate number N ≥ 2.0 × 104 m−1 and resolution Rs ≥ 1.6 for all adjacent pairs of peaks. The capillary was also able to separate GLA and THBA which are structural isomers. Although MEKC mode provided comparable efficiency and selectivity, the reduced EOF of the coated capillary led to longer separation time. The linear calibration range of the seven phenolic acids and caffeine were different but the coefficients of determinations (r2) were all > 0.9965. The precisions of the relative migration times and peak area ratios of analyte to internal standard were 0.1–1.8% and 1.8–6.8%, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the efficiency of separation of the phenolic acids and caffeine for three coated capillaries. It was applied to the analysis of caffeine and phenolic acids in brewed tea using tyramine as the internal standard. The tea samples were diluted prior to analysis by CEC. The separation was less than 15 min. Caffeine, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were detected and quantified. Caffeine and gallic acid contents were 10.8–15.0 and 2.6–4.8 mg g−1 dry tea leaves, respectively. p-Coumaric acid was detected in only one of the samples with a content of 0.4 mg g−1. Percent recoveries of spiked diluted samples were 90 ± 9 to 106 ± 13%, respectively.
Article highlights
Silica-layer coated capillary is first reported for simultaneous separation of seven phenolic acids by non-MEKC analysis.
Performance between coated, and non-coated capillaries with analysis by CEC and MEKC were compared.
Plate number, resolution, capillary reproducibility, and electroosmotic flow mobility are investigated.
Graphical abstract
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8
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Kravchenko AV, Kartsova LA. Effect of Modifiers on the Electrophoretic Separation and Intercapillary Preconcentration of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Preparation and evaluation of chiral open-tubular columns supported with zeolite silica nanoparticles and single/dual chiral selectors using capillary electrochromatography with amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462298. [PMID: 34111678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, novel stationary phase coatings by zeolite SiO2NPs coupled with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or β-CD/L-phenylalanine were developed for chiral open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The OT columns were prepared taking advantage of the strong adhesion of polydopamine in one-step method. Scanning electron micrography and electroosmotic flow were used to characterize the prepared single/dual-selector OT columns. Chiral separation of four chiral analytes (catechin/epicatechin, ephedrine/pseudoephedrine, ritodrine and salbutamol) was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the prepared columns in OT-CEC with amperometric detection system. In terms of migration time, peak area, resolution, and selectivity factor of catechin/epicatechin and salbutamol, the run-to-run, day-to-day, and column-to-column repeatability were within 8.9%. Under the optimum conditions, the developed methods were applied for the analyses of Chinese herbal medicine Catechu herbs and salbutamol aerosol samples.
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Sun G. Open tubular capillary column immobilized with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin for chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2037-2045. [PMID: 33683009 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral open tubular capillary column was fabricated with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin and glycidyl methacrylate for enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography. First, the pretreated silica-fused capillary was treated with 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate to attach double bond ligand onto the surface. A copolymer layer was formed on the surface of capillary using glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate by in situ one-pot polymerization. Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin was encapsulated inside the copolymerized layer. The morphology of the developed column was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effect of organic percentage and pH value of the mobile phase on electroosmotic flow and resolution was also investigated. The performance of the fabricated column was validated by separation of amlodipine besilate, 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid, tropic acid, and pantoprazole enantiomers with good resolutions of 3.67, 4.82, 3.34, and 2.61, respectively. The repeatabilities of column-to-column and day-to-day through relative standard deviation were found better than 4%, exhibiting satisfactory repeatability of the developed column. The results reveal that open tubular capillary columns modified with β-cyclodextrin show a great prospect for enantioseparation of chiral drugs in capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Genlin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
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11
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Ali A, Sun G, Kim JS, Kim YS, An HJ, Cheong WJ. Preparation and Evaluation of 2 m Long Open Tubular Capillary Columns of 50 μm Internal Diameter for Separation of Peptides in Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-04003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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He Y, Qi M. A novel column modification approach for capillary gas chromatography: combination with a triptycene-based stationary phase achieves high separation performance and inertness. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00571e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integration of the novel column modification approach with a triptycene-based stationary phase achieves high-resolution performance and inertness towards acids/bases and isomers for capillary GC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui He
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Advances and Innovations in Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase Supports. Anal Chem 2020; 93:257-272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Sun G, Lu Y. A novel one-pot strategy of preparation of N-phenylacrylamide-styrene co-polymer open tubular capillary column for peptides separation. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4461-4468. [PMID: 33107702 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An open tubular capillary column (100 μm internal diameter and 120 cm length) was first fabricated with N-phenylacrylamide and styrene copolymer layer on the inner surface by in situ one-pot strategy, while ethylene dimethacrylate was used as the cross-linker. The pretreated silica-fused capillary was reacted with 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate to attach a double-bond ligand onto the inner surface of the capillary. Further, a thick and stabile copolymer layer was generated on the inner surface of the capillary by the novel method in situ one-pot reaction of styrene-N-phenylacrylamide. The effects of reaction temperature and composition of the polymerization mixture on the morphology and permeability of the copolymer were investigated. The separation performance of the fabricated polymer columns were validated by separation of five synthetic peptides. The excellent efficiency (188 500 plates/m) of 100 μm internal diameter open tubular column with the separation media prepared by mixed one-pot copolymerization has not been achieved via the isocratic elution mode. The column to column, intraday, and interday repeatabilities evaluated from the relative standard deviation were found better than 4%, exhibiting considerable repeatability of the column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
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15
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Bai Q, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Wang C, Maihemuti M, Sun C, Qi Y, Peng J, Guo X, Zhang Z, Fang L. Evaluation of chiral separation based on bovine serum albumin–conjugated carbon nanotubes as stationary phase in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1253-1260. [PMID: 32350876 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Mairewaniguli Maihemuti
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Ⅳ (Cardiac Failure) Affiliated Hospital 2 of Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Linlin Fang
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
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Zhou W, Sun W, Liu Y, Mao Z, Chen Z. Ionic liquid-copolymerized monolith based porous layer open tubular column for CEC-MS analysis. Talanta 2020; 209:120556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Hajba L, Guttman A. Recent Advances in Capillary Electrochromatography of Proteins and Carbohydrates in the Biopharmaceutical and Biomedical Field. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:289-298. [PMID: 32022586 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1720589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a powerful hybrid separation technique that combines capillary electrophoresis and capillary chromatography, capable to address the analytical challenges of proteomics and glycomics. The focus of this paper is to review the recent developments in capillary electrochromatography of proteins and carbohydrates. The different column types applied in capillary electrochromatography such as packed bed, open tubular and monoliths are conferred in detail with respective separation examples. A comprehensive comparison is also given listing the mostly utilized coating methods, stationary phase materials and column preparation methods. The choice of porogenic solvent combinations for monolithic column fabrication is thoroughly discussed, paying close attention to the fine tuning options for the separation driving electroosmotic flow. Application examples of CEC in process analytical technology for the biopharmaceutical and biomarker discovery in the biomedical fields are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hajba
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - A Guttman
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary.,Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory for Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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18
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Hu LF, Yin SJ, Zhang H, Yang FQ. Recent developments of monolithic and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (2017-2019). J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1942-1966. [PMID: 31909566 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography, which combined the high selectivity of high-performance liquid chromatography and the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis, is an attractive separation tool. In this review, the developments on monolithic and open tubular capillary electrochromatography during 2017 to August 2019 are summarized. Considering the development of novel stationary phases is the most active research field in capillary electrochromatography, monolithic capillary electrochromatography is classified according to the polymer-based and hybrid monolithic columns, while open-tubular capillary electrochromatography is categorized by cyclodextrin, silica, polymer, nanomaterials, microporous materials, and biomaterials-based open tubular columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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19
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Zhao X, Liu L, Li N, Wang T, Chai Y, Yang Z, Ye J, Chu Q, Chen L. Zeolite silica nanoparticles-supported open-tubular columns for isomer and chiral separation using capillary electrochromatography coupled with amperometric detection. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zeolite SiO2NPs OT columns with/without BSA were used for the separation of structural isomers, epimers and enantiomers by CEC-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Linzhen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Chai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Jiannong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Qingcui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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20
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Zhang C, Qu J, Lv X, Zhang J, Fang L. A novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles as chiral stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:946-953. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenning Zhang
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese MedicineTaihe hospitalHubei University of Medicine Shiyan P. R. China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative MedicineThe first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lv
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Linlin Fang
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
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21
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Ultra-sensitive capillary immunosensor combining porous-layer surface modification and biotin-streptavidin nano-complex signal amplification: Application for sensing of procalcitonin in serum. Talanta 2019; 205:120089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Zhao S, Yu T, Du Y, Sun X, Feng Z, Ma X, Ding W, Chen C. An organic polymer monolith modified with an amino acid ionic liquid and graphene oxide for use in capillary electrochromatography: application to the separation of amino acids, β-blockers, and nucleotides. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:636. [PMID: 31432257 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of an organic polymer monolithic column modified with an amino acid ionic liquid and graphene oxide (AAIL-GO) and its application to capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was described. The AAIL tetramethylammonium-L-arginine was bonded to a monolithic column that was previously modified with graphene oxide by using an hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling reaction. The morphology of a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of AAIL and graphene oxide was detected by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The resulting monolithic column produced a strong and stable electroosmotic flow from the anode to the cathode in the pH range from 3 to 9. Compared with a column modified with AAIL or graphene oxide only, the AAIL-GO-modified column has a better separation ability for amino acids, β-blockers, and nucleotides (the resolution of three amino acids: 2.231 and 2.036, β-blockers: 2.779 and 2.470 and nucleotides: 8.345 and 3.321). Molecular modeling was applied to demonstrate the separation mechanism of small molecules which showed a good support for experimental results. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) systems with an amino acid ionic liquid-graphene oxide modified organic polymer monolithic column as stationary phases for separation of amino acids, β-blockers, and nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
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23
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Liu X, Azhar I, Khan H, Qu Q, Tian M, Yang L. Capillary electrophoresis-immobilized enzyme microreactors for acetylcholinesterase assay with surface modification by highly-homogeneous microporous layer. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1609:460454. [PMID: 31443966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based open-tubular immobilized enzyme microreactor (OT-IMER) and its application in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays. The IMER is fabricated at the capillary inlet (reactor length of ∼1 cm) with the inner surface modified by a micropore-structured layer (thickness of ∼220 nm, pore size of ∼15-20 nm). The use of IMER accomplishes the enzymatic reaction and separation/detection of the products in the same capillary within 3 min. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated via online analysis of the activity and inhibition of AChE enzymes. Such method exhibits good reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4% for 20 runs, and the enzyme remains over 82% of the initial activity after usage of 7 days. The IMERs are successfully applied to detect the organophosphorus pesticide, paraoxon, in three types of vegetable juice samples with a limit of detection of as low as 61 ng mL-1. Results show that the spiked samples are in the range of 89.6-105.9% with RSD less than 2.7%, thereby indicating its satisfactory level of accurate and reliable analysis of real samples by using the proposed method. Our study indicates that, with combination of advantages of both porous-layer capillary and CE OT-IMER, the proposed method is capable to enhance enzymatic reactions and to achieve rapid analysis with simple instrumentation and operation, thus would pave the way for extensive application of CE-based IMERs in a variety of bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Irfan Azhar
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Habib Khan
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Qishu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130052, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China.
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Ahmed MA, Felisilda BMB, Quirino JP. Recent advancements in open-tubular liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography during 2014-2018. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1088:20-34. [PMID: 31623713 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review critically discusses the developments on open-tubular liquid chromatography (OT-LC) and open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) during 2014-2018. An appropriate Scopus search revealed 5 reviews, 4 theoretical papers on open-tubular format chromatography, 29 OT-LC articles, 68 OT-CEC articles and 4 OT-LC/OT-CEC articles, indicating a sustained interest in these areas. The open-tubular format typically uses a capillary column with inner walls that are coated with an ample layer or coating of solid stationary phase material. The ratio between the capillary internal diameter and coating thickness (CID/CT) is ideally ≤ 100 for appropriate chromatographic retention. We, therefore, approximated the CID/CT ratios and found that 22 OT-LC papers have CID/CT ratios ≤100. The other 7 OT-LC papers have CID/CT ratio >100 but have clearly demonstrated chromatographic retention. These 29 papers utilised reversed phase or ion exchange mechanisms using known or innovative solid stationary phase materials (e.g. metal organic frameworks), stationary pseudophases from ionic surfactants or porous supports. On the other hand, we found that 68 OT-CEC papers, 7 OT-LC papers and 4 OT-LC & OT-CEC papers have CID/CT ratios >100. Notably, 44 papers (42 OT-CEC and 2 OT-LC & OT-CEC) did not report the retention factor and/or effective electrophoretic mobility of analytes. Considering all covered papers, the most popular activity was on the development of new chromatographic materials as coatings. However, we encourage OT-CEC researchers to not only characterise changes in the electroosmotic flow but also verify the interaction of the analytes with the coating. In addition, the articles reported were largely driven by stationary phase or support development and not by practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel Ahmed
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Bren Mark B Felisilda
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
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25
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Mao Z, Chen Z. Advances in capillary electro-chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:227-237. [PMID: 31452960 PMCID: PMC6702421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a micro-scale separation technique which is a hybrid between capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC). CEC can be performed in packed, monolithic and open-tubular columns. In recent three years (from 2016 to 2018), enormous attention for CEC has been the development of novel stationary phases. This review mainly covers the development of novel stationary phases for open-tubular and monolithic columns. In particular, some biomaterials attracted increasing interest. There are no significant breakthroughs in technology and principles in CEC. The typical CEC applications, especially chiral separations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
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26
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Surface modification with highly-homogeneous porous silica layer for enzyme immobilization in capillary enzyme microreactors. Talanta 2019; 197:539-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Jiang Z, Qu J, Tian X, Huo X, Zhang J, Guo X, Fang L. Sol-gel technique for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin gold nanoparticles as chiral stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1948-1954. [PMID: 30919564 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column coated with β-cyclodextrin was prepared using the sol-gel technique. In the sol-gel approach, owing to the three-dimensional network of sol-gel and the strong chemical bond between the stationary phase and the surface of capillary columns, good chromatographic characteristics and unique selectivity in separating enantiomers were shown. The influences of capillary inner diameter, coating time, organic modifier, buffer pH, and buffer concentration on separation were investigated. The sol-gel-coated β-cyclodextrin column has shown improved enantioseparation efficiency of chlorphenamine, brompheniramine, pheniramine, zopiclone in comparison with the sol-gel matrix capillary column. The migration time relative standard deviation of the separation of the enantiomers was less than 0.89% over five runs and 2.9% from column to column. This work confirmed that gold nanoparticles are promising electrochromatographic support to enhance the phase ratio of open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column in capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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