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Luca SV, Gerigk M, Arshad AA, Minceva M. Modeling the liquid-liquid chromatography separation of cannabinoids from hemp extracts. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400239. [PMID: 39031845 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The separation of cannabinoids from hemp materials is nowadays one of the most promising industrial applications of liquid-liquid chromatography (LLC). Despite various experimental research efforts to purify cannabinoids, there are currently few works on process modeling. Thus, this study aimed to explore a straightforward approach to model the LLC separation of cannabinoids from two hemp extracts with different compositions. The feed materials were simplified to mixtures of preselected key components (i.e., cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabigerol, and cannabinol). The elution profiles of cannabinoids were simulated using the equilibrium-cell model with an empirical nonlinear correlation. The model parameters were derived from the elution profiles of single-solute pulse injections. For the validation of the proposed approach, LLC separations with the two hemp extracts were performed in descending mode with the solvent system composed of hexane/methanol/water 10/8/2 (v/v/v). The injected sample concentrations were gradually increased from 5 to 100 mg/mL. The results showed that the approach could describe reasonably well the elution behavior of the cannabinoids, with deviations of only 1-2 min between simulated and experimental elution times. However, to improve the prediction accuracy, the model parameters can be refitted to the elution profiles of 3-4 systematically selected pulse injections with specific hemp extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, Department of Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Melanie Gerigk
- Biothermodynamics, Department of Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ahmad Adeel Arshad
- Biothermodynamics, Department of Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, Department of Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Zhang F, Muhire J, Sun X, Pei D, Huang X. Comparison of two different multiple dual-mode counter-current chromatograph for separation of ketoconazole enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464724. [PMID: 38350351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In this work, two different multiple dual-mode (MDM) counter-current chromatography methods, conventional MDM and modified MDM elution modes, were compared for the chiral separation of the ketoconazole enantiomers. The biphasic solvent system which consisted of n-hexane: isobutyl acetate: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer (2:4:6, v/v) (pH = 8.5) was employed as stationary phase and mobile phase. And the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) with a concentration of 100 mmol/L was dissolved in the phosphate buffer, as the chiral selector. Under two different methods, dual-mode (DM) elution was performed to determine the time of the transformed phase roles and multiple cycles were performed to isolate ketoconazole, respectively. The result indicated that the modified MDM elution had a significant improvement on the separation, increasing the resolution from 0.51 to 1.19, while the resolution was increased from 0.40 to 0.79 by the conventional MDM elution. Ultimately, baseline separation of ketoconazole enantiomers was essentially achieved by high-speed counter-current chromatography under optimized modified MDM separation conditions. The final recoveries of the two enantiomers, R-(K) and S-(K), were 92.5 % and 83.3 %, respectively, corresponding to enantiomeric excess values of 99.0 % and 97.0 %, as determined by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jules Muhire
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinyi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhang FX, Muhire J, Sun X, Pei D, Di DL, Huang XY. An overview of recent progress in multiple dual-mode counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201023. [PMID: 36794808 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Counter-current chromatography is a chromatographic separation and purification technique being developed. The development of different elution modes has significantly contributed to this field. Multiple dual-mode elution is a method developed based on dual-mode elution, which consists of a series of changing cycles of the phase role and the direction by switching between normal and reverse elution modes of counter-current chromatography. This dual-mode elution method takes full advantage of the liquid nature of stationary and mobile phases of counter-current chromatography and effectively improves the separation efficiency. So, this unique elution mode has gained extensive attention for separating complex samples. This review mainly describes and summarizes in detail its development, applications, and characteristics in recent years. Meanwhile, its advantages, limitations, and future outlook also have been discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jules Muhire
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Choi H, Soland NE, Moss MR, Liu J, Prestangen RR, Katahira R, Lee SJ, Thorson MR, Freeman CJ, Karp EM. The cell utilized partitioning model as a predictive tool for optimizing counter-current chromatography processes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Belova VV. Computational Studies on Rare-Earth Metal Separation by Recycling Liquid–Liquid Chromatography. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kostanyan AA, Voshkin AA, Belova VV. Analytical, Preparative, and Industrial-Scale Separation of Substances by Methods of Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2020; 25:E6020. [PMID: 33353256 PMCID: PMC7766798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Countercurrent liquid-liquid chromatographic techniques (CCC), similar to solvent extraction, are based on the different distribution of compounds between two immiscible liquids and have been most widely used in natural product separations. Due to its high load capacity, low solvent consumption, the diversity of separation methods, and easy scale-up, CCC provides an attractive tool to obtain pure compounds in the analytical, preparative, and industrial-scale separations. This review focuses on the steady-state and non-steady-state CCC separations ranging from conventional CCC to more novel methods such as different modifications of dual mode, closed-loop recycling, and closed-loop recycling dual modes. The design and modeling of various embodiments of CCC separation processes have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey A. Voshkin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.B.)
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Belova VV, Tsareva YV. Extraction of Lanthanide Chlorides in Aqueous-Organic Two-Phase Systems with Salts of Tertiary and Secondary Amines. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579520050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Belova VV, Tsareva YV. Interphase Distribution of Lanthanide Nitrates in Aqueous Organic Two-Phase Systems with Amine and Organic Acid Salts. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579520040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Belova VV, Tsareva YV. Calculation Studies of the Separation of Rare-Earth Metals by Countercurrent Liquid–Liquid Chromatography. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s004057951905004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Operating mode selection for the separation of intermediately-eluting components with countercurrent and centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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