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O'Hara MJ, Carter JC, Kellogg CM, Link JM. Anion exchange and extraction chromatography tandem column isolation of zirconium-89 ( 89Zr) from cyclotron bombarded targets using an automated fluidic platform. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463347. [PMID: 35908511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The long-lived positron emitter 89Zr is a highly promising nuclide employed in diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Methods of radiochemical processing to obtain 89Zr for clinical use are traditionally performed with a single hydroxamate resin column. Herein, we present a tandem column purification method for the preparation of high-purity 89Zr from cyclotron bombarded natural Y metal foils. The primary column is a macroporous, strongly basic anion exchange resin on styrene divinylbenzene co-polymer. The secondary microcolumn, with an internal volume of 33 μL, is packed with an extraction chromatography resin (ExCR) loaded with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP). A condition of "inverted selectivity" is presented, wherein the 89Zr elution from the primary column is synonymous with the load condition on the secondary column. The ability to transfer 89Zr from one column to the next allows two sequential purification steps to be performed prior to the final elution of the 89Zr product. This approach assures delivery of high purity 89Zr. The tandem column purification process has been implemented into a prototype automated fluidic system. Optimization of the method is presented, followed by evaluation of the process using seven cyclotron bombarded Y metal foil targets. Once optimized, we found that 93.7 ± 2.3% of the 89Zr present in the foils was recovered in the secondary column elution fraction (0.8 M oxalic acid). Radiochromatograms of the product elution peaks enabled determination of full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and 89Zr collection yields as a function of volume. Because of the small size of the secondary microcolumn, a 89Zr product volume of ∼0.28 mL is reported, which provides a substantially increased nuclide concentration over traditional methods. Finally, we evaluated the transchelation of the resulting 89Zr oxalate product to deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) salt. We observed effective specific activities (ESA) and bindable metals concentrations ([MB]) that exceed those reported by the traditional single hydroxamate column method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Hara
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
| | - Jennifer C Carter
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Cynthia M Kellogg
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Jeanne M Link
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States
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Vasylyeva H, Mironyuk I, Strilchuk M, Maliuk I, Mykytyn I, Tryshyn V. A new way to ensure selective zirconium ion adsorption. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work studies the adsorption of zirconium ions by mesoporous titanium dioxide with surface arsenate groups. Experimental maximal adsorption values of zirconium ions were found to be 109.6 mg/g in neutral medium. This process depends on the interaction time, the equilibrium concentration of zirconium ions, and the acidity of the solution. Adsorption kinetics fit well into the kinetic model based on the pseudo-second-order equation (R
2 = 0.9984). Equilibrium adsorption of zirconium ions is well described by Langmuir’s adsorption theory (R
2 = 0.9856 and χ
2 = 1.307). Although zirconium ions are less actively adsorbed from a neutral medium than strontium or yttrium ions, in the 2% nitric acid only zirconium is adsorbed out of the mixture of zirconium, strontium, and yttrium. The results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have shown that the investigated adsorbent selectively adsorbs zirconium ions from their mixture with strontium and yttrium in the range of solution acidity pH = 0–1. The average percentage of maximum extraction of zirconium ions is 94.3 ± 2.4%, and the highest percent of zirconium ions taken up from the mixture with strontium and yttrium is ∼98.4%. Investigated titanium dioxide selectively separate 90Zr from 90Sr with the presence of 1000-fold excess of stable 88Sr in radioactive liquid β
− source. This fact is extremely valuable for the age dating of 90Sr-containing device in nuclear forensics or the determination of 90Sr in low activity background samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vasylyeva
- Department of Theoretical Physics , Uzhgorod National University , 14 Universytets’ka Street, 88000 , Uzhgorod , Ukraine
| | - Ivan Mironyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University , 57 Shevchenko Street, 76018 , Ivano-Frankivsk , Ukraine
| | - Mykola Strilchuk
- NAS of Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Nuclear Forensics , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Igor Maliuk
- NAS of Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Nuclear Forensics , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Igor Mykytyn
- Department of Chemistry , Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University , 57 Shevchenko Street, 76018 , Ivano-Frankivsk , Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Tryshyn
- NAS of Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Nuclear Forensics , Kyiv , Ukraine
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Bubenshchikov VB, Larenkov AA, Kodina GE. Preparation of 89Zr Solutions for Radiopharmaceuticals Synthesis. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362221030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:241-269. [PMID: 32900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Qiao J. Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061462. [PMID: 32213999 PMCID: PMC7144463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated sample processing techniques are desirable in radiochemical analysis for environmental radioactivity monitoring, nuclear emergency preparedness, nuclear waste characterization and management during operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities, as well as medical isotope production, to achieve fast and cost-effective analysis. Dynamic flow based approaches including flow injection (FI), sequential injection (SI), multi-commuted flow injection (MCFI), multi-syringe flow injection (MSFI), multi-pumping flow system (MPFS), lab-on-valve (LOV) and lab-in-syringe (LIS) techniques have been developed and applied to meet the analytical criteria under different situations. Herein an overall review and discussion on these techniques and methodologies developed for radiochemical separation and measurement of various radionuclides is presented. Different designs of flow systems with combinations of radiochemical separation techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME), solid phase extraction chromatography (SPEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), electrochemically modulated separations (EMS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) separation and online sensing and detection systems, are summarized and reviewed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Qiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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O'Hara MJ, Krzysko AJ, Hamlin DK, Li Y, Dorman EF, Wilbur DS. Development of an autonomous solvent extraction system to isolate astatine-211 from dissolved cyclotron bombarded bismuth targets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20318. [PMID: 31889075 PMCID: PMC6937302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclotron-produced astatine-211 (211At) shows tremendous promise in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) applications due to its attractive half-life and its 100% α-emission from nearly simultaneous branched alpha decay. Astatine-211 is produced by alpha beam bombardment of naturally monoisotopic bismuth metal (209Bi) via the (α, 2n) reaction. In order to isolate the small mass of 211At (specific activity = 76 GBq·µg−1) from several grams of acid-dissolved Bi metal, a manual milliliter-scale solvent extraction process using diisopropyl ether (DIPE) is routinely performed at the University of Washington. As this process is complex and time consuming, we have developed a fluidic workstation that can perform the method autonomously. The workstation employs two pumps to concurrently deliver the aqueous and organic phases to a mixing tee and in-line phase mixer. The mixed phases are routed to a phase settling reservoir, where they gravity settle. Finally, each respective phase is withdrawn into its respective pump. However, development of a phase boundary sensor, placed in tandem with the phase settling reservoir, was necessary to communicate to the system when withdrawal of the denser aqueous phase was complete (i.e., the intersection of the two phases was located). The development and optimization of the autonomous solvent extraction system is described, and the 211At yields from several ~1.1 GBq-level 211At processing runs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Hara
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Anthony J Krzysko
- Nuclear Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Donald K Hamlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, 616 N.E. Northlake Place, PO Box 355016, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, 616 N.E. Northlake Place, PO Box 355016, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Eric F Dorman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, 616 N.E. Northlake Place, PO Box 355016, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - D Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, 616 N.E. Northlake Place, PO Box 355016, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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