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Šolínová V, Štěpánová S, Jančařík A, Klívar J, Šámal M, Stará IG, Chocholoušová JV, Vacek J, Starý I, Kašička V. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and quantum chemical calculations applied to investigation of acid-base and electromigration properties of azahelicenes. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:696-707. [PMID: 34933403 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) using methanol (MeOH) as a solvent of the BGEs and quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT) have been applied to determine the thermodynamic acidity (ionization) constants (pKa ) of mono- and diaza[5]helicenes, mono- and diaza[6]helicenes, and their dibenzo derivatives in MeOH and water. First, the mixed acidity constants, p K a , MeOH mix , of ionogenic pyridinium groups of azahelicenes and their derivatives in MeOH were obtained by nonlinear regression analysis of pH dependence of their effective electrophoretic mobilities. The effective mobilities were measured by NACE in a large series of methanolic BGEs within a wide conventional pH range (pHMeOH 1.6-12.0) and at ambient temperature (21-26°C) in a home-made CE device. Prior to mixed acidity constant calculation, the effective mobilities were corrected to reference temperature (25°C) and constant ionic strength (25 mM). Then, the mixed acidity constants were recalculated to the thermodynamic acidity constants pKa,MeOH by the Debye-Hückel theory of nonideality of electrolyte solutions. Finally, from the methanolic thermodynamic pKa,MeOH values, the aqueous thermodynamic p K a , H 2 O constants were estimated using the empirical relations between methanolic and aqueous acidity constants derived for structurally related pyridine derivatives. Depending on the number and position of the nitrogen atoms in their molecules, the analyzed azahelicenes were found to be weak to moderate bases with methanolic pKa,MeOH in the range 2.01-8.75 and with aqueous p K a , H 2 O in the range 1.67-8.28. The thermodynamic pKa,MeOH obtained by the DFT calculations were in a good agreement with those determined experimentally by NACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Jančařík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Klívar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
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Zhuo S, Wang X, Li L, Yang S, Ji Y. Chiral Carboxyl-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Enantioselective Adsorption of Amino Acids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31059-31065. [PMID: 34169712 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining chiral molecules and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with ordered pores can result in chiral COFs, which may be employed in the fields of chiral chemistry. In this study, we constructed a novel carboxyl-functionalized COF TpBD-3COOH first and then integrated a chiral molecule, heptakis (6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-CD (Am7CD), into TpBD-3COOH to obtain TpBD-Am7CD. Comparing TpBD-3COOH with TpBD-Am7CD, it could be observed that chiral selectivities improved significantly after decorating TpBD-3COOH with Am7CD in the adsorption experiment. Meanwhile, TpBD-Am7CD exhibited similar chiral selective abilities as the previously reported β-CD COF when it was employed to adsorb amino acid enantiomers, while the content of Am7CD was much less than that in β-CD COF. This indicated that the framework of TpBD-3COOH enhanced the chiral selective ability of Am7CD, which would be a great chiral carrier material for further application. This work provides a new insight for establishing materials for application in the chiral recognition field. Besides, TpBD-Am7CD resulted in an insoluble powder, which endowed this material with the possibility to be an adsorbent and a stationary phase in chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhuo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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Šolínová V, Brynda J, Šícha V, Holub J, Grűner B, Kašička V. Determination of acidity constants, ionic mobilities, and hydrodynamic radii of carborane-based inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:910-919. [PMID: 33405254 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been applied for determination of the thermodynamic acidity constants (pKa ) of the sulfamidoalkyl and sulfonamidoalkyl groups, the actual and limiting ionic mobilities and hydrodynamic radii of important compounds, eight carborane-based inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases, which are potential new anticancer drugs. Two types of carboranes were investigated, (i) icosahedral cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1-) ion with sulfamidoalkyl moieties, and (ii) 7,8-nido-dicarbaundecaborate with sulfonamidoalkyl side chains. First, the mixed acidity constants, pKa mix , of the sulfamidoalkyl and sulfonamidoalkyl groups of the above carboranes and their actual ionic mobilities were determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the pH dependences of their effective electrophoretic mobility measured by capillary electrophoresis in the pH range 8.00-12.25, at constant ionic strength (25 mM), and constant temperature (25°C). Second, the pKa mix were recalculated to the thermodynamic pKa s using the Debye-Hückel theory. The sulfamidoalkyl and sulfonamidoalkyl groups were found to be very weakly acidic with the pKa s in the range 10.78-11.45 depending on the type of carborane cluster and on the position and length of the alkyl chain on the carborane scaffold. These pKa s were in a good agreement with the pKa s (10.67-11.27) obtained by new program AnglerFish (freeware at https://echmet.natur.cuni.cz), which provides thermodynamic pKa s and limiting ionic mobilities directly from the raw CE data. The absolute values of the limiting ionic mobilities of univalent and divalent carborane anions were in the range 18.3-27.8 TU (Tiselius unit, 1 × 10-9 m2 /Vs), and 36.4-45.9 TU, respectively. The Stokes hydrodynamic radii of univalent and divalent carborane anions varied in the range 0.34-0.52 and 0.42-0.52 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Václav Šícha
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czechia
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czechia
| | - Bohumír Grűner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
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Konjaria ML, Scriba GK. Enantioseparation of analogs of the dipeptide alanyl-phenylalanine by capillary electrophoresis using neutral cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Řezanka P, Macková D, Jurok R, Himl M, Kuchař M. Enantioseparation and Determination of Mephedrone and Its Metabolites by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122879. [PMID: 32585814 PMCID: PMC7355680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mephedrone, a psychoactive compound derived from cathinone, is widely used as a designer drug. The determination of mephedrone and its metabolites is important for understanding its possible use in medicine. In this work, a method of capillary electrophoresis for the chiral separation of mephedrone and its metabolites was developed. Carboxymethylated β-cyclodextrin was selected as the most effective chiral selector from seven tested cyclodextrin derivates. Based on the simplex method, the optimal composition of the background electrolyte was determined: at pH 2.75 and 7.5 mmol·L-1 carboxymethylated β-cyclodextrin the highest total resolution of a mixture of analytes was achieved. For mephedrone and its metabolites, calibration curves were constructed in a calibration range from 0.2 to 5 mmol·L-1; limits of detection, limits of quantification, precision, and repeatability were calculated, and according to Mandel's fitting test, the linear calibration ranges were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Denisa Macková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Radek Jurok
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Himl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.J.); (M.K.)
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Acidity constant of pH indicators in the supramolecular systems studied by two CE-based methods compared using the RGB additive color model. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:577-588. [PMID: 31838556 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acid-base properties of methyl orange, bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and bromothymol blue were thoroughly investigated in the past due to their application as colorimetric pH indicators. However, it is still unknown how these properties change upon the supramolecular host-guest interactions. Owing to the growing interest in using supramolecular host-guest interactions to reach expected modification of various physicochemical properties of guests, we decided to address this question in the present article. We estimated the shifts of pKa values induced by diverse hosts (cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, micelles, and serum albumin) and performed a thermodynamic analysis of the selected systems. To make a deeper insight, we confronted the aforementioned dyes with the other kinds of molecules studied by us in the past. In overall, the results obtained demonstrate a large multiplicity of possible pKa behaviors, their poor predictability, and the existence of subtle structure-acidity relationships. In addition, we observed three thermodynamically different mechanisms of pKa alteration. Therefore, more studies are needed to bring closer the promising perspective of a programmable acidity's tuning. Our methodology was based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) applied in two parallel variants: a classical method based on the fitting of a nonlinear function, and an alternative two-value method (TVM), which requires over twice less measurements to estimate pKa. To identify the optimal approach for further studies, both methods were comprehensively compared and discussed based on the RGB additive color model, a user-friendly scale that integrates three primary aspects of an analytical method: analytical performance, green chemistry, and practicality.
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Mitoraj MP, Afkhami FA, Mahmoudi G, Khandar AA, Gurbanov AV, Zubkov FI, Waterman R, Babashkina MG, Szczepanik DW, Jena HS, Safin DA. Structural versatility of the quasi-aromatic Möbius type zinc(ii)-pseudohalide complexes – experimental and theoretical investigations. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23764-23773. [PMID: 35530624 PMCID: PMC9069493 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution we report for the first time fabrication, isolation, structural and theoretical characterization of the quasi-aromatic Möbius complexes [Zn(NCS)2LI] (1), [Zn2(μ1,1-N3)2(LI)2][ZnCl3(MeOH)]2·6MeOH (2) and [Zn(NCS)LII]2[Zn(NCS)4]·MeOH (3), constructed from 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-bis((phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazono)ethane (LI) or benzilbis(acetylpyridin-2-yl)methylidenehydrazone (LII), respectively, and ZnCl2 mixed with NH4NCS or NaN3. Structures 1–3 are dictated by both the bulkiness of the organic ligand and the nature of the inorganic counter ion. As evidenced from single crystal X-ray diffraction data species 1 has a neutral discrete heteroleptic mononuclear structure, whereas, complexes 2 and 3 exhibit a salt-like structure. Each structure contains a ZnII atom chelated by one tetradentate twisted ligand LI creating the unusual Möbius type topology. Theoretical investigations based on the EDDB method allowed us to determine that it constitutes the quasi-aromatic Möbius motif where a metal only induces the π-delocalization solely within the ligand part: 2.44|e| in 3, 3.14|e| in 2 and 3.44|e| in 1. It is found, that the degree of quasi-aromatic π-delocalization in the case of zinc species is significantly weaker (by ∼50%) than the corresponding estimations for cadmium systems – it is associated with the Zn–N bonds being more polar than the related Cd–N connections. The ETS-NOCV showed, that the monomers in 1 are bonded primarily through London dispersion forces, whereas long-range electrostatic stabilization is crucial in 2 and 3. A number of non-covalent interactions are additionally identified in the lattices of 1–3. Interplay between various types of non-covalent interactions allowed for isolation of rare examples of Zn(ii) based quasi-aromatic Möbius type species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz P. Mitoraj
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Ghodrat Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Maragheh
- Maragheh
- Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Khandar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Atash V. Gurbanov
- Department of Chemistry
- Baku State University
- Baku
- Azerbaijan
- Centro de Química Estrutural
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Vermont
- Burlington
- USA
| | | | - Dariusz W. Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Damir A. Safin
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tyumen
- 625003 Tyumen
- Russian Federation
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