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Research progress of N-nitrosamine detection methods: a review. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1123-1135. [PMID: 36125029 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Nitrosamines (nitrosamines) are attracting increased attention because of their high toxicity and wide distribution. They have been strictly restricted by regulations in many fields. Researchers around the world have conducted substantial work on nitrosamine detection. This paper reviews the progress of research on nitrosamine detection methods with emphasis on biological-matrix samples. After introducing the category, toxicity, regulatory limit and source of nitrosamines, the paper discusses the most commonly used sample-preparation techniques and instrumental-detection techniques for nitrosamine detection, including some typical application cases.
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Deng H, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu S, Ji Y, Fan Z, Li Z, Yang F, Bian Z, Tang G. Separation of N'-nitrosonornicotine isomers and enantiomers by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461971. [PMID: 33626439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the most prevalent and toxic tobacco-specific nitrosoamines. A chiral center at its 2'-position results in R and S enantiomers, the partial double bond character of the NN = O group also results in E and Z isomers, therefore, NNN can form a total of four absolute configurations (E-(R)-NNN, E-(S)-NNN, Z-(R)-NNN, and Z-(S)-NNN). This study investigated the resolution of R/S enantiomers and E/Z isomers of NNN by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). The baseline separation of E/Z-(R,S)-NNN isomers/enantiomers was accomplished through the optimization of chiral columns and co-solvents. Due to the lack of single standard of E/Z isomers, only R-NNN (sum of E-(R)-NNN and Z-(R)-NNN) and S-NNN (sum of E-(S)-NNN and Z-(S)-NNN) were further examined. Through the comprehensive optimization of SFC-MS/MS conditions, R-NNN and S-NNN were separated with a run time of 5 min, the developed method was validated, and its applicability to the determination of NNN enantiomers in burley tobacco samples was demonstrated. This study could be applied to preparative separation of single enantiomer and/or isomer of NNN, and could provide potential benefits to biologic activity studies on these enantiomers and isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Application of Chiral and Achiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Pesticide Analysis: A Review. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Deng H, Bian Z, Yang F, Liu S, Li Z, Fan Z, Wang Y, Tang G. Use of autoclave extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2390-2397. [PMID: 31038270 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Maleic hydrazide has been extensively used as an effective growth regulator in tobacco sucker control. After application, maleic hydrazide distributes itself throughout the tobacco plant where it can exist as free, or forms glucoside conjugates with glucose, or becomes bound with lignin. Among them, free maleic hydrazide and its glucoside conjugates are extractable under conventional solvent extraction, while lignin bound maleic hydrazide is claimed to be non-extractable. Herein, an autoclave extraction method has been developed to extract maleic hydrazide effectively, in which tobacco samples are extracted in an autoclave at 130°C for 1 h using 4 M hydrochloric acid. Under such pressurized hot acidic water conditions, lignin bound maleic hydrazide can be released. Meanwhile, glucoside conjugates are hydrolyzed. Total maleic hydrazide is detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantitative results coincide well with that obtained from the international standard method. The proposed autoclave extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method exhibits excellent linearity in the range of 5-200 mg/kg (R2 = 0.9998), the matrix matched limit of detection and limit of quantification is 0.68 and 2.27 mg/kg, respectively. This method is simple and improves sample capacity, providing an effective approach to monitoring maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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