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Xie WB, Li H, Zeng L, Jiang LJ, Li W, Xia L, Lei FH. Separation of Panax notoginseng saponins on modified rosin ester-bonded silica stationary phase and its mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340661. [PMID: 36628701 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A column prepared using a unique three-membered phenanthrene skeleton of rosin has complementary selectivity to a C18 column for some separation tasks. In this study, propylene pimaric acid (16-hydroxyethyl acrylate-34-n-butyl) ester (BRB) and propylene pimaric acid (16-hydroxyethyl acrylate-34-dodecyl) ester (BRLA) were used as functional ligands to prepare two novel stationary phases, namely BRB@SiO2 and BRLA@SiO2, through a "thiol-ene" click chemistry reaction. The characterization results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and contact angle tests showed that the BRB@SiO2 and BRLA@SiO2 stationary phases were successfully prepared. In addition, the performance of the columns was evaluated using the Tanaka test and hydrophobic subtraction model, which showed that the stationary phases exhibited typical reversed-phase chromatography performance and good hydrophobicity, hydrophobic selectivity, and steric selectivity. The changes in the retention of Panax notoginseng saponins on a column under different chromatographic conditions (acetonitrile content, flow rate, and column temperature) were investigated. The separation effect of BRB@SiO2 and BRLA@SiO2 columns on P. notoginseng saponins was better than that of the C18 column and the BRLA@SiO2 column could replace the C18 column for the detection of P. notoginseng saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Li-Juan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China.
| | - Fu-Hou Lei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China.
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Yang Z, Yang Y, Zhang X, Du W, Zhang J, Qian G, Duan X, Zhou X. High‐yield production of
p
‐diethynylbenzene through consecutive bromination/dehydrobromination in a microreactor system. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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Shields EP, Weber SG. A crosslinked, low pH-stable, mixed-mode cation-exchange like stationary phase made using the thiol-yne click reaction. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460851. [PMID: 32008826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-mode cation-exchange stationary phases are useful for the separation of mixtures containing hydrophobic, acidic, and basic molecules. To ensure that weak organic bases are protonated and carboxylic acids are neutral low pH mobile phases are required. Mixed-mode stationary phases that are stable at pH < 3 are needed. We synthesized a crosslinked structure along the surface of thiol functionalized silica gel particles using the thiol-yne click reaction. The alkyne, 1,7-octadiyne, was added to the 3-mercaptopropyl silica gel, then crosslinked using 1,6-hexanedithiol. Elemental analysis showed low octadiyne ligand surface coverage, but, stoichiometrically, three sulfurs were added to each octadiyne ligand during the crosslinking step, indicating that crosslinking occurred. The effect of the crosslinking on the stability was tested with a 50:50 (v/v) pH 0.50 5% TFA aqueous:acetonitrile mobile phase at 70 °C for six days, over 35,000 column volumes. The stationary phase showed good stability with the retention of triphenylene decreasing only 20% during that time. The Tanaka test showed that the phase has a methylene selectivity of 1.20 ± 0.04, a high shape selectivity of 2.71 ± 0.03, and a 3.98 ± 0.05 cation-exchange factor at pH 2.70. The phase has a selectivity factor for nitrobenzene and benzene of 1.41 ± 0.01, indicating the electron donating charge transfer characteristic of the phase. The mixed-mode characteristics of the phase were investigated using a mixture of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Baseline resolution of the monoamines could be obtained using a simple 20 mM potassium phosphate (pH 2.70)/methanol mobile phase. Altering both the methanol content and the potassium ion concentration altered the retention of the monoamines indicating mixed-mode cation exchange characteristic of the crosslinked stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Shields
- Chevron Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Chevron Science Center, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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