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Hriz K, Teka S, Zrida H, Gharbi S, El Sofany WI, Jebnouni A, Majdoub M. Effect of Cyano and Tetrazole Side Groups on the Photophysical and Chelating Properties of Anthracene‐Based Polymers. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hriz
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Bd. de l'Environnement Université de Monastir 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Safa Teka
- College of Science Department of Chemistry University of Hail Hai'l KSA
| | - Habiba Zrida
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Bd. de l'Environnement Université de Monastir 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Samar Gharbi
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Bd. de l'Environnement Université de Monastir 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | | | - Achref Jebnouni
- College of Public Health Department of Public Health University of Hail Hai'l KSA
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir Bd. de l'Environnement Université de Monastir 5019 Monastir Tunisia
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Toussaint B, Immame Hassane Beck T, Surget E, Boudy V, Jaccoulet E. Exploration of the effects of chloride ions on the analysis of polar compounds at low concentrations by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector: Application to tromethamine. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200766. [PMID: 36621867 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we discuss the origin of the slightly increased response of the charged aerosol detector when low-concentration polar drugs formulated with sodium chloride are analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to the charged aerosol detector. In the case of tromethamine mixed with saline solutions, we investigated several levels including the mobile phase, sample matrix, and detection. We show that the analysis of the rich-salted sample results in both interactions with the mobile phase modifiers and the stationary phase during the run time. With 150 mM NaCl as a compounding solution, a slight increase in the tromethamine peak area was observed (<5.5%). Our study suggests that chloride ions in excess sequentially interact firstly with the counterions from the organic modifiers and secondly with the analyte via the stationary phase and the contribution of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography retention mechanisms. Because of these effects, the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector analysis of drugs in saline solutions requires particular attention, and a correction factor for quantitative purposes that accounts for formulation ions remains appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balthazar Toussaint
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Etablissement pharmaceutique, Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Taslyne Immame Hassane Beck
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Etablissement pharmaceutique, Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Surget
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Etablissement pharmaceutique, Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Etablissement pharmaceutique, Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Jaccoulet
- Département recherche et développement pharmaceutique, Etablissement pharmaceutique, Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Wolter M, Geibel C, Olfert M, Su M, Bicker W, Kramer M, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Development and chromatographic exploration of stable-bonded crosslinked amino silica against classical amino phases. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3286-3300. [PMID: 35652610 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on a novel stable-bonded amino silica stationary phase obtained by crosslinking of surface aminopropyl moieties using triglycidyl isocyanurate. The obtained crosslinked amido-amino network silica material exhibited superior hydrolytic stability compared to classical 3-aminopropyl phases and showed, inter alia, excellent separation of nine therapeutically effective sulfonamides in hydrophilic interaction / weak anion exchange chromatography elution mode. Additionally, the separation of carbohydrates was investigated under classical hydrophilic interaction chromatography conditions as well proving the suitability of the novel phase for such applications. For the evaluation of the hydrolytic stability the prepared material, as well as two commercially available benchmark columns and a set of in-house synthesized amino modified materials, were exposed to harsh aqueous mobile phase conditions for in total 50 hours at elevated temperature. In this context, the materials were examined by elemental analysis, (13 C and 29 Si cross-polarization/magic angle spinning) solid-state NMR and a chromatographic test before and subsequent to the exposure to these stress conditions. Lastly, the new stationary phase was classified in comparison to a set of commercially available stationary phases by principal component analysis of resultant retention factors gained from chromatographic standard tests. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Wolter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Olfert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bicker
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,FTC - Forensic-Toxicological Laboratory, Gaudenzdorfer Gürtel 43-45, Vienna, 1120, Austria
| | - Markus Kramer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Investigation of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector for the analysis of tromethamine. Talanta 2022; 238:123050. [PMID: 34801907 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tromethamine (TMM), often encountered in a final drug product, exhibits interesting chemical properties as a counter ion, buffer, or active ingredient. European and US pharmacopeias propose titration against hydrogen chloride for TMM assays. However, this method can be a hindrance when using drugs containing low concentrations of TMM in complex buffered formulations. Due to the lack of chromophores and the high hydrophilicity of TMM, we performed a simple and reliable hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with a charged aerosol detector (HILIC-CAD) separation approach as an alternative for TMM analysis. An amide stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of a binary mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3 (80/20, V/V) were used. As the CAD response deeply depends on parameters such as stationary phases and pH buffer, we investigated their impact and explored the optimal signal conditions. Including TMM analogs such as tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol allowed us to select these parameters appropriately. The effects of the evaporation temperature, flow rate, and power function value (PFV) on the CAD signal response were also studied and optimized. The method was validated according to the ICH Q2 R1 guidelines. A linear response (mean R2 > 0.997) covering the range for low TMM concentrations (170-520 μg/mL) was achieved. Satisfactory intra-day and inter-day precisions were obtained with RSDs lower than 1.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The trueness ranged from 99.6% to 101.2%, and the LOD was found to be 1.1 μg/mL. The HILIC-CAD method has been applied to a sterile TMM solution for injection.
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Guo Y. A Survey of Polar Stationary Phases for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography and Recent Progress in Understanding Retention and Selectivity. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5332. [PMID: 35001408 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various polar stationary phases have become available for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and help drive continuous applications in biomedical, environmental and pharmaceutical areas in the past decade. Although the stationary phases for HILIC have been reviewed previously, it is an appropriate time to take another look at the progresses during the past five years. The current review provides an overview of the polar stationary phases commercially available for HILIC applications in an effort to assist scientists in selecting suitable columns. New types of stationary phase that were published in literature in the past five years are summarized and discussed. The trend in stationary phase research and development is also highlighted. Of particular interest is the experimental evidence for direct interactions of polar analytes with the ligands of the stationary phases under HILIC conditions. In addition, two different approaches have been developed to delineate the relative significance of the partitioning and adsorption mechanisms in HILIC, representing an important advancement in our understanding of the retention mechanisms in HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, New Jersey, USA
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Dias J, López SH, Mol H, de Kok A. Influence of different hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phases on method performance for the determination of highly polar anionic pesticides in complex feed matrices. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2165-2176. [PMID: 33760354 PMCID: PMC8251866 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography is an alternative liquid chromatography mode for separation of polar compounds. In the recent years, this liquid chromatography mode has been recognized as an important solution for the analysis of compounds not amenable to reverse phase chromatography. In this work, we evaluated three different hydrophilic liquid chromatography stationary phases for the determination of 14 highly polar anionic molecules including pesticides such as glyphosate, glufosinate, ethephon and fosetyl, their main metabolites, and bromide, chlorate, and perchlorate. Several mobile phase compositions were evaluated combined with different gradients for the chromatographic run. The two columns that presented the best results were used to assess the performance for the determination of the 14 compounds in challenging highly complex feed materials. Very different matrix effects were observed for most of the compounds in each column, suggesting that different interactions can occur. Using isotopically labeled internal standards, acceptable quantitative performance and identification could be achieved down to 0.02 mg kg-1 (the lowest level tested) for most compounds. While one column was found to be favorable in terms of scope (suited for all 14 compounds), the other one was more suited for quantification and identification at lower levels, however, not for all analytes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dias
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Herrera López
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - André de Kok
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ikegami T, Taniguchi A, Okada T, Horie K, Arase S, Ikegami Y. Functionalization using polymer or silane? A practical test method to characterize hydrophilic interaction chromatography phases in terms of their functionalization method. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461850. [PMID: 33482613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, commercially available columns employed in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were characterized by determining their ability to selectively distinguish the minute structural differences between small molecules such as nucleosides and xanthines in complex sample matrices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data obtained from structurally similar analytes, and the results showed that HILIC columns could generally be classified into two groups: (i) silane-modified columns that were prepared from either native silica particles or silica particles modified with low-molecular-weight silanes and (ii) polymer-modified columns obtained from silica particles functionalized with organic polymers. These two groups could be further subdivided based on the functionalities attached to the respective stationary phases. These results were confirmed via cluster analysis by preparing a dendrogram using the morphology-based selectivity parameters associated with the respective columns. We were able to determine the selectivity of columns for the OH groups, i.e., α(OH) and the prevailing pH conditions (cation- and anion-exchanging natures) on the surface of the respective stationary phases; α(theobromine/theophylline) was employed to obtain a similar two-dimensional plot. This test scheme, in which five compounds were analyze for each column, was helpful for understanding the impact of factors such as the hydrophilicity, degree of hydration, acidity/basicity, or the weak ion-exchange nature of the respective stationary phases on the separation characteristics of new HILIC stationary phases. The selectivity of columns for the CH2 group was also examined. The cation-exchange nature of the HILIC columns significantly influenced native silica columns and some polymer-modified columns. Herein, 45 commercially available HILIC columns were classified according to this method, and the results proved useful for understanding distinct separation characteristics of each HILIC column, enabling improved column selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Ashin Taniguchi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- YMC Co., Ltd., Miwa, Miwa-cho, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, 620-1445, Japan
| | - Kanta Horie
- Translational Science, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Syuntaro Arase
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan; Formulation Research, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Unit, Medicine Development Center, Eisai Co., Ltd., Kagamigahara, Gifu, 501-6195, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikegami
- Okami Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Makishima, Enba 78, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0041, Japan
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