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Duarte VB, Gonçalves FC, Guimarães JC, Braz BF, Carneiro MC, Santelli RE, Paulino JF, Pontes FVM. Fast and Greener Ultrasound-Assisted Acid Extraction for the Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Fluorescent Lamp Waste Using ICP OES. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:790-794. [PMID: 38964346 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the chemical composition of fluorescent lamp residue, particularly potentially toxic elements, is crucial for reducing environmental impacts and human health risks after disposal. However, the challenge lies in effectively analyzing these heterogeneous solid samples. Techniques involving quantitative dissolution become imperative, playing a fundamental role in quantifying trace elements. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to develop and present a new, faster, and more efficient and environmentally friendly method using ultrasound-assisted acid extraction to quantify potentially toxic elements (Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn) present in fluorescent lamp waste using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry technique. METHODS An ultrasound-assisted acid extraction method for the quantification of potentially toxic elements in fluorescent lamp waste was developed and applied as a greener alternative to conventional digestion methods. For variable optimization, a full factorial design with two levels and two variables (time and temperature) was used to determine which factors significantly affected the observed response. RESULTS The results obtained for the developed extraction method were compared with a reference method employing a heating acid digestion (with a mixture of HCl, HClO4, and HF) using statistical tools. The best results were obtained using an extraction time of 10 min and a temperature of 25°C. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was applied for element quantification. CONCLUSION The proposed extraction method showed good results for Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn. Furthermore, the proposed method based on ultrasound radiation presents additional criteria that align with the concepts of green analytical chemistry. HIGHLIGHTS A greener alternative method for the determination of Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn in fluorescent lamp waste was developed. Optimal conditions for ultrasound extraction of potentially toxic elements were achieved in 10 min at a temperature of 25°C. Environmentally friendly aspects of ultrasound align with the requirements of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Busto Duarte
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Felippe Ceraso Gonçalves
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Júlia Concordido Guimarães
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira Braz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Manuel Castro Carneiro
- Center of Mineral Technology (CETEM), Avenue Pedro Calmon, 900-University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-908, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Frontino Paulino
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Veronesi Marinho Pontes
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ/UFRJ), Analytical Chemistry Department, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Block A, 5th Floor, Technology Center, University City, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
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Matyszczak G. An introductory laboratory class in sonochemistry. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106691. [PMID: 37976564 PMCID: PMC10685300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a substantive scope and scenario of a laboratory class that introduces students to the field of sonochemistry. The class requires only basic laboratory equipment - typical laboratory glassware like graduated pipettes and conical flasks, as well as simple inorganic chemicals. It is designed to acquaint students with fundamental aspects of sonochemistry. In the qualitative aspect, they will conduct and observe some sonochemical reactions like a synthesis of hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound-assisted degradation of toxic chromates(VI) which will demonstrate the indirect consequences of water sonolysis which is the most basic sonochemical reaction, as well as they will illustrate the applications of sonochemistry. In the quantitative aspect, students will learn about how to measure the power of ultrasound and the sonochemical efficiency of the reaction and will conduct experiments allowing for the calculation of these parameters. Finally, an introduction to and demonstration of the sonocatalytic effect is planned. An evaluation system, consisting of a report and test, is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Matyszczak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowski Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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