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Luo Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Liu J, Li W, Chen G, Peng Y, Jin M, Wei W, Jian L, Yan J, Fernie AR, Yan J. Genetic variation in YIGE1 contributes to ear length and grain yield in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:513-526. [PMID: 34837389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ear length (EL), which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), is an important component of grain yield and as such is a key target trait in maize breeding. However, very few EL QTLs have been cloned, and their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, using a genome wide association study (GWAS), we identified a QTL, YIGE1, which encodes an unknown protein that regulates EL by affecting pistillate floret number. Overexpression of YIGE1 increased female inflorescence meristem (IM) size, increased EL and kernel number per row (KNPR), and thus enhanced grain yield. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and Mutator insertion mutant lines of YIGE1 displayed decreased IM size and EL. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the regulatory region of YIGE1 had a large effect on its promoter strength, which positively affected EL by increasing gene expression. Further analysis shows that YIGE1 may be involved in sugar and auxin signal pathways to regulate maize ear development, thus affecting IM activity and floret production in maize inflorescence morphogenesis. These findings provide new insights into ear development and will ultimately facilitate maize molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Wenqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gengshen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liumei Jian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Dron J, Ratier A, Austruy A, Revenko G, Chaspoul F, Wafo E. Effects of meteorological conditions and topography on the bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements by native lichen (Xanthoria parietina). J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:193-205. [PMID: 34607668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements in the indigenous lichens Xanthoria parietina was monitored during two years at a quarterly frequency, in 3 sites of contrasted anthropic influence. The impact of the meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed) was first estimated through principal component analysis, and then by stepwise multilinear regressions to include wind directions. The pollutants levels reflected the proximity of atmospheric emissions, in particular from a large industrial harbor. High humidity and mild temperatures, and in a lower extent low wind speed and rainfall, also favored higher concentration levels. The contributions of these meteorological aspects became minor when including wind direction, especially when approaching major emission sources. The bioaccumulation integration time towards meteorological variations was on a seasonal basis (1-2 months) but the wind direction and thus local emissions also relied on a longer time scale (12 months). This showed that the contribution of meteorological conditions may be prevalent in remote places, while secondary in polluted areas, and should be definitely taken into account regarding long-term lichen biomonitoring and inter-annual comparisons. In the same time, a quadruple sampling in each site revealed a high homogeneity among supporting tree species and topography. The resulting uncertainty, including sampling, preparation and analysis was below 30% when comfortable analytical conditions were achieved. Finally, the occurrence of unexpected events such as a major forest fire, permitted to evaluate that this type of short, although intense, events did not have a strong influence on PAH and metals bioaccumulation by lichen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dron
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Aude Ratier
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5558, LBBE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Annabelle Austruy
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Gautier Revenko
- Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions, Fos-sur-Mer, France
| | - Florence Chaspoul
- Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS UMR-7263, IRD-237, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Wafo
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM U-1261, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
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Combination of GC-MS and selective peak elimination procedures as a tool for characterization of complex saccharide mixtures - Application to pyrolysis bio-oils. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122644. [PMID: 33735804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a GC-MS method was developed for the quantification of saccharides in complex mixtures such as bio-oils and bio-oil aqueous phases produced by ablative pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The samples were first treated using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and the trimethylsilylated (more volatile) derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS. The method offers advantages of great separation capability and simultaneous identification of unknown peaks by comparison of the mass spectra and retention indices with extensive libraries available online. However, even with these tools at hand, the identification of several saccharide-resembling compounds can be challenging especially in such highly complex samples as pyrolysis bio-oils. For this reason, we devised a novel procedure, which eliminates certain saccharides depending on their specific chemical properties before subjecting the samples to the GC-MS analysis. The procedure was based on the combination of aniline treatment (elimination of reducing aldoses), and hydrolysis (elimination of anhydrosugars, glycosides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides). Based on the differences in chromatograms before and after the procedure, the unknown compounds were assigned into groups based on their susceptibility to each treatment. The combination of all methods above has allowed more accurate identification and quantification of saccharides, some of which were not as of today found in bio-oils.
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