1
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Varfaj I, Abualzulof GWA, Moretti S, Migni A, Uda I, Goracci L, Ianni F, Carotti A, Sardella R. Development of an easy-to-set-up multiple heart-cutting achiral-chiral LC-LC method for the analysis of branched-chain amino acids in commercial tablets. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38477690 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the development and application of a multiple heart-cutting achiral-chiral LC-LC method (mLC-LC) for the analysis of dansylated (Dns) branched-chain amino acids in commercial tablets are described. In the first dimension, a Waters Xbridge RP C18 achiral column was used under gradient conditions with buffered aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The elution order Dns-valine (Dns-Val) < Dns-isoleucine (Dns-Ile) < Dns-leucine (Dns-Leu) turned out with full resolution between adjacent peaks: 7.25 and 1.50 for the Val/Ile and the Ile/Leu pairs, respectively. A "research" validation study was performed, revealing high accuracy (Recovery%) and precision (RSD%) using two external set solutions, respectively, in the range 93.7%-104.1% and 0.4%-3.2%. The C18 column was connected via a two-position six-port switching valve to the quinidine-based Chiralpak quinidine-anion-exchange chiral column. A water/acetonitrile, 30/70 (v/v) with 50 mM ammonium acetate (apparent pH of 5.5) eluent allowed getting the three enantiomers' pairs resolved: RS equal to 4.3 for Dns-Val and Dns-Ile, and 1.7 for Dns-Leu. The application of the mLC-LC method confirmed that the content of Val, Ile, and Leu in the tablets was compliant with that labeled by the producer. Only l-enantiomers were found in the food supplement, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Migni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Uda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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2
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Rama A, Govindan I, Hebbar S, Chaturvedi A, Rani U, Naha A. Advancing posaconazole quantification analysis with a new reverse-phase HPLC method in its bulk and marketed dosage form. F1000Res 2023; 12:468. [PMID: 37396051 PMCID: PMC10314186 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132841.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Posaconazole is a widely used antifungal drug, and its accurate quantification is essential for quality control and assessment of its pharmaceutical products. This study aimed to develop and validate a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for quantifying Posaconazole in bulk and dosage form. Methods: The HPLC method was developed and validated based on International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The developed method was then applied to quantify Posaconazole in a marketed tablet formulation. The method's specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and stability were evaluated. Results: The developed HPLC method showed good linearity over a 2-20 μg/mL concentration range. The percentage recovery of Posaconazole from the bulk and marketed formulations was found to be 99.01% and 99.05%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 1%, and the method was stable under different conditions. The HPLC method was successfully applied to quantify Posaconazole in the marketed formulation. Conclusion: The developed and validated HPLC method is reliable and efficient for analyzing Posaconazole in bulk and dosage forms. The method's accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, robustness, and stability demonstrate its effectiveness. The method can be used for the quality control and assessment of Posaconazole-containing pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Rama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Induja Govindan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Srinivas Hebbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Rani
- Department of Social Health and Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anup Naha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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3
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Rahmani T, Ampe A, Lynen F. Temperature Responsive × Fast Chiral Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography: a New 2D-LC Platform for Resolving Mixtures of Chiral Isomers. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chiral resolution of solutes occurring in mixtures of unrelated species is of relevance in life sciences and in pharmaceutical analysis. While this is conceptually achievable by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC), few approaches exist whereby the second dimension comprises the chiral separation. The latter is preferable in combination with a conventional reversed phase type of separation in the first dimension as it offers an extension of a conventional achiral analysis. The implementation of such rapid chiral analyses in the second dimension was, thus far, limited by the challenging transfer of the first dimension mobile phase to the second dimension while still achieving chiral separation. In this study, the combination of temperature-responsive and reversed-phase chiral liquid chromatography is assessed in terms of enantioselective separation of a broad range of pharmaceutical compounds. Applying temperature-responsive liquid chromatography (TRLC) in the first dimension allows for analyses to be performed under purely aqueous conditions, which then allows for complete and more generic refocusing of (organic) solutes prior to the second dimension. This offers an enhanced ability to employ fast and broad compositional gradients over the chiral dimension, which broadens the applicability of the technique. In the proposed platform, seven chiral columns (superficially porous and fully porous columns (comprising both polysaccharide and macrocyclic antibiotic phases)) and four mobile phase gradients were screened on a pharmaceutical test mixture. The platform was shown to be able to offer the necessary resolving power for the molecules at hand and offers a new approach for chiral screening of mixtures of unrelated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turaj Rahmani
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adriaan Ampe
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Zhu LW, Xie BY, Liu SZ, Wu YH, Zhang GG, Qiu YK. Development of an On-Line Two-dimensional Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography System for Analysis of Weakly Polar Samples. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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5
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Chen X, Yang Z, Xu Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Dai Y, Chen S. Progress and prediction of multicomponent quantification in complex systems with practical LC-UV methods. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:142-155. [PMID: 36908853 PMCID: PMC9999300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex systems exist widely, including medicines from natural products, functional foods, and biological samples. The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components. In the quality evaluation of complex samples, multicomponent quantitative analysis (MCQA) is usually needed. To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products, scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the "single standard to determine multiple components (SSDMC)" approach. This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Depending on a convenient (ultra) high-performance liquid chromatography method, how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved? How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components? How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis (MCA)? These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA. First, this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years, as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation. Second, it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA, including column selection and two-dimensional chromatographic analysis technology. Finally, computer software technologies for predicting chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced, which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA. This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis, especially MCQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuntao Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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6
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Identification, synthesis, characterization, and a quality control strategy for high-risk chiral impurities in the antifungal drug substance posaconazole. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Dadashpour S, Ghobadi E, Emami S. Chemical and biological aspects of posaconazole as a classic antifungal agent with non-classical properties: highlighting a tetrahydrofuran-based drug toward generation of new drugs. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Dai Y, Zhang K, Xiong L, Wang L, Guo Z, Yang J, Wu A, Wu J, Zeng J. Comprehensive profiling of Sanguisorba officinalis using off-line two-dimensional mixed-mode liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography, tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry, and molecular network. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1727-1736. [PMID: 35297180 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The profiling of natural products is important in modern biological sciences and new drug development. However, the separation and characterization of complex herbal extracts are significantly challenging for researchers in the biochemical field. Herein, an off-line two-dimensional mixed-mode LC × reversed-phase LC system is developed. Our system exhibits high orthogonality and is composed of a newly prepared stationary phase in the first dimension and a traditional C18 phase in the second dimension, and is operated in combination with high-resolution MS and molecular network. Sanguisorba officinalis L. is studied using the proposed method owing to its bioactivity. With the aid of orthogonal separation, the ionization of the individual components is improved. The number of detected compounds and separated peaks are significantly increased when one-dimensional-LC is upgraded to two-dimensional-LC. In addition, 270 compounds (127 of which are tentatively characterized as new compounds, and further confirmation is needed) are successfully characterized based on their fragmentation patterns under the guidance of molecular network, while only 95 compounds are characterized using one-dimensional-LC and high-resolution MS. The results indicate that the developed off-line two-dimensional mixed-mode LC × reversed-phase LC, tandem high-resolution MS, and molecular network method is effective for profiling complex samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou, China.,Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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9
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Barreiro JC, Tiritan ME, Cass QB. Challenges and innovations in chiral drugs in an environmental and bioanalysis perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Wang X, Yu J, Guo X. Chiral separation and molecular simulation study of six antihistamine agents on a coated cellulose tri-(3,5-dimethylphenycarbamate) column (Chiralcel OD-RH) and its recognition mechanisms. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1461-1472. [PMID: 33905565 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation of six antihistamine agents was first systematically investigated on a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase (CSP), that is, cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethyl phenyl carbamate) (Chiralcel OD-RH), under the reversed-phase mode. Orphenadrine, meclizine, terfenadine, dioxopromethazine, and carbinoxamine enantiomers were completely separated under the optimized mobile phase conditions with resolutions of 5.02, 1.93, 1.68, 1.67, and 1.54, respectively. Mequitazine was partially separated with a resolution of 0.77. The influences of type and concentration of buffer salt, the pH of buffer solution, and the type and ratio of organic modifier on the chiral separation were evaluated and optimized. For a better insight into the enantiorecognition mechanisms, molecular docking was carried out via the Autodock software. The lowest binding energy and the optimal conformations of the analytes/CSP complexes were supplied, and the mechanisms of chiral recognition were determined. According to the results, the key interactions for the chiral recognition of these six analytes on CDMPC were π-π interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bond interactions, and some special interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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11
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La Z, Danel C, Grolaux G, Charton J, Furman C, Lipka E. Electrophoretic separation of multiple chiral center analyte with a three cyclodextrins mixture. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1810-1817. [PMID: 33644914 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrokinetic chromatography method (CEKC) was developed for complete stereoisomeric separation of a neutral, hydrophobic, multiple chiral center dihydropyridone analogue, a drug candidate proposed in type 2 diabetes treatment. A background electrolyte comprising three cyclodextrins was found to successfully separate the eight isomers. First an anionic cyclodextrin, the SBE-β-CD, was selected to allow the chiral separation of our neutral compound and partial resolutions of the eight isomers were obtained. Then, the effects of different parameters such as the nature and concentration of the other cyclodextrins added and pH of the buffer were examined. Finally, a triple CD-system consisted of 15 mM SBE-β-CD plus 15 mM γ-CD and 40 mM HP-γ-CD in a 50 mM borate background electrolyte at pH 10, was found to successfully separate the eight isomers. Last, the selectivity and limits of detection and quantification were evaluated for this optimized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo La
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Cécile Danel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR-7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Gaëlle Grolaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Julie Charton
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for living Systems, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Christophe Furman
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, F-59000, France
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12
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Li H, Zhang D, Cheng X, Sultan MFA, Xiong L, Ma Y, Wang M, Feng W. Application of the Westgard Multi-rule Theory to Internal Quality Control Evaluation of Voriconazole for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200818104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There is no worldwide recognized reference internal quality control method
for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole (VCZ) by Liquid Chromatography (LC). In
this study, we aimed to develop an internal quality control method for TDM of VCZ, evaluate it by the
Westgard multi-rule theory, and guarantee the analytical quality of the assays.
Methods:
The plasma concentration of VCZ was detected by two-dimensional liquid chromatography
with ultraviolet detection (2D-LC-UV) method. The internal quality control results accompanying with
TDM of VCZ in our laboratory from July 2019 to January 2020 were collected and retrospectively
studied. The Levey-Jennings quality chart and Z-score quality chart were drawn and Westgard multirules
of 12s/13s/22s/R4s/41s/10x were applied to assess the suitable quality control method for TDM of
VCZ.
Results:
The 2D-LC-UV method was well suited to monitor the plasma concentration of VCZ and increase
the real-time capability of TDM for VCZ. Combined with Westgard multi-rules, the quality control
charts of Levery-Jennings and Z-score both can timely discover and judge the systematic errors
and random errors for the internal quality control results. 86 batches of quality control products were
assessed and 7 times warnings and 6 times out of control were detected.
Conclusion:
The Westgard multi-rules, with high efficacy in determining detection errors, has important
application value in the internal quality control for TDM of VCZ. The developed quality control
method can improve the accuracy and reliability for VCZ measurement by the 2D-LC-UV method
and further promote the clinical rational use of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Lilong Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maoyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Grybinik S, Bosakova Z. An overview of chiral separations of pharmaceutically active substances by HPLC (2018-2020). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021; 152:1033-1043. [PMID: 34456367 PMCID: PMC8382579 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a brief survey of chiral separation of pharmaceutically active substances published over the last 3 years (2018-2020). Chiral separation of drugs is an important area of research. The control of enantiomeric purity and determination of individual enantiomeric drug molecules is a necessity especially for clinical, analytical, and regulatory purposes. Among chromatographic resolution methods, high-performance liquid chromatography based on chiral stationary phases remains the most popular and effective method used for chiral separation of various drugs. In this review, attention is paid to several classes of chiral stationary phases that have been the most frequently used for drug enantioseparation during this period. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Grybinik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Kwak JS, Bizarri N, Sharif S, Zhang WP, Mallik D, Organ MG. The Synthesis of Warfarin Using a Reconfigurable-Reactor Platform Integrated to a Multiple-Variable Optimization Tool. Chemistry 2020; 26:15505-15508. [PMID: 33098259 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the asymmetric synthesis of warfarin, an important anticoagulant, has been evaluated using a reconfigurable reaction platform capable of performing batch, continuous flow, and plug-flow synthesis. Further, this platform has been integrated with a novel, multidimensional, multiple variable analysis tool that can evaluate multiple critical quality attributes (CQA), percent conversion and enantiomeric excess in this case, from a single injection that is repeatedly recycled in a closed loop of chromatography columns, a detector and a heart-cut valve. Further, the new, integrated analysis system also facilitates validation of each QA, providing a high-level of confidence in analytical measurements, which are obtained without operator intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Seong Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Nour Bizarri
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Sepideh Sharif
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Wenyao Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Debasis Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Michael G Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J1P3, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
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