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Brier L, Furman C, Charton J, Deprez B, Lipka E. Capillary electrokinetic chromatography for chiral separation of potential SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1010-1017. [PMID: 38225719 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a capillary electrophoresis method was developed as a quality control tool to determine the enantiomeric purity of a series of five chiral compounds evaluated as potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 3CL protease inhibitors. The first cyclodextrin tested, that is, highly sulfated-β-cyclodextrin, at 6% (m/v) in a 25 mM phosphate buffer, using a capillary dynamically coated with polyethylene oxide, at an applied voltage of 15 kV and a temperature of 25°C, was found to successfully separate the five derivatives. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated together with the greenness score of the method in order to evaluate the method in terms of analytical and environmental performance. In addition, it is noteworthy that simultaneously high-performance liquid chromatography separation of the enantiomers of the same compounds with two different columns, the amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-coated and the cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate)-immobilized on silica stationary phases, was studied. Neither the former stationary phase nor the latter was able to separate all derivatives in a mobile phase consisting of n-heptane/propan-2-ol 80/20 (v/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Brier
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Furman
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- University of Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-related Diseases, Lille, France
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Plachká K, Pilařová V, Horáček O, Gazárková T, Vlčková HK, Kučera R, Nováková L. Columns in analytical-scale supercritical fluid chromatography: From traditional to unconventional chemistries. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300431. [PMID: 37568246 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Within this review, we thoroughly explored supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) columns used across > 3000 papers published from the first study carried out under SFC conditions in 1962 to the end of 2022. We focused on the open tubular capillary, packed capillary, and packed columns, their chemistries, dimensions, and trends in used stationary phases with correlation to their specific interactions, advantages, drawbacks, used instrumentation, and application field. Since the 1990s, packed columns with liquid chromatography and SFC-dedicated stationary phases for chiral and achiral separation are predominantly used. These stationary phases are based on silica support modified with a wide range of chemical moieties. Moreover, numerous unconventional stationary phases were evaluated, including porous graphitic carbon, titania, zirconia, alumina, liquid crystals, and ionic liquids. The applications of unconventional stationary phases are described in detail as they bring essential findings required for further development of the supercritical fluid chromatography technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Taťána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kočová Vlčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Buljan A, Roje M. Application of Green Chiral Chromatography in Enantioseparation of Newly Synthesized Racemic Marinoepoxides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080530. [PMID: 36005533 PMCID: PMC9409916 DOI: 10.3390/md20080530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioseparation of the newly synthesized series of novel quinoline-2(1H)-one epoxide structures rac-6a-c and rac-8a-c, named marinoepoxides, is described. Marinoepoxide rac-6a, the key intermediate in the total synthesis of natural products marinoaziridines A and B, as well as their structural analogues, was synthesized by addition of the achiral ylide generated in situ from the sulfonium salt 5 or 7, to the carbon-oxygen double bond of the corresponding quinoline-2(1H)-one-4-carbaldehyde 4a-c in good yield. Separation of enantiomers of (±)-2,3,3-trisubstituted marinoepoxides rac-6a-c and (±)-trans-2,3-disubstituted marinoepoxides rac-8a-c was studied using two immobilized polysaccharide type chiral stationary phases (CSPs); tris-(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamoyl)cellulose stationary phase (CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SC) and tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)amylose stationary phase (CHIRAL ART Amylose-SA). Enantioseparation conditions were explored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using dimethyl carbonate/alcohol mixtures and n-hexane/ethanol (80/20, v/v) as mobile phase, and by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using CO2/alcohol mixtures as mobile phase. In all examined racemates, enantioseparation was successfully achieved, but its efficiency largely depended on the structure of chiral selector and type/composition of the mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marin Roje
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-45-71-283
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Zhang P, He Y, Wang S, Shi D, Xu Y, Yang F, Wang J, He L. Chiral Separation and Determination of Etoxazole Enantiomers in Vegetables by Normal-Phase and Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2020; 25:E3134. [PMID: 32659902 PMCID: PMC7397032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chiral separation of etoxazole enantiomers on Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-3, Chiralpak IC, and Chiralpak AD chiral columns was carefully investigated by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hexane/isopropanol, hexane/n-butanol, methanol/water, and acetonitrile/water were used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The effects of chiral stationary phase, mobile phase component, mobile phase ratio, and temperature on etoxazole separation were also studied. Etoxazole enantiomers were baseline separated on Lux Cellulose-1, Chiralpak IC, and Chiralpak AD chiral columns, and partially separated on Lux Cellulose-3 chiral column under normal-phase HPLC. However, the complete separation on Lux Cellulose-1, Chiralpak IC, and partial separation on Chiralpak AD were obtained under reverse-phase HPLC. Normal-phase HPLC presented better resolution for etoxazole enantiomers than reverse-phase HPLC. Thermodynamic parameters, including ΔH and ΔS, were also calculated based on column temperature changes from 10 °C to 40 °C, and the maximum resolutions (Rs) were not always acquired at the lowest temperature. Furthermore, the optimized method was successfully applied to determine etoxazole enantiomers in cucumber, cabbage, tomato, and soil. The results of chiral separation efficiency of etoxazole enantiomers under normal-phase and reverse-phase HPLC were compared, and contribute to the comprehensive environmental risk assessment of etoxazole at the enantiomer level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhan He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.H.); (S.W.); (D.S.); (Y.X.); (F.Y.); (J.W.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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