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Li S, Zhang H, Huai J, Wang H, Li S, Zhuang L, Zhang J. An online preparative high-performance liquid chromatography system with enrichment and purification modes for the efficient and systematic separation of Panax notoginseng saponins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464378. [PMID: 37741221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an online preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) system based on the combination of the enrichment and purification modes for the efficient and systematic separation of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) was achieved. Five separation columns were used for the first and second separation of target components, eighteen trap columns were used to capture the effluents from the first separation or loading the trapped sample effluents, and a two-position eight-port valve was used to switch between the first and second separations. The conditions for the first and second separation of PNS were simulated and optimized with the online prep-HPLC system. Then, the PNS were separated using optimized chromatographic conditions. Notably, 14 monomer compounds with >90% purity (11 compounds with purity >97%) were simultaneously isolated from PNS using the above self-developed device, and their chemical structures were identified. Moreover, the separation time was less than 33.0 h. After 6 repeated enrichment and purification, the weight of each compound obtained was more than 5.0 mg, with compound 2 weighing over 900 mg. In brief, the self-developed prep-HPLC system, which integrated enrichment and purification, is suitable for the efficient and systematic separation of PNS and has broad application prospects, especially for the separation of complex chemical components in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jie Huai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Linwu Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China; College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
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Zhao T, Zheng F, Liu Y, Khan A, Wang Z, Cheng G. A Comparative Analysis of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Effects of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook Fractions with Different Polarities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12646. [PMID: 37628832 PMCID: PMC10454342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of various polar fractions obtained from Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook (DH). First, a 90% ethanol-aqueous extract of DH (CF) was subjected to sequential fractionation using different organic solvents, resulting in the isolation of a methylene chloride fraction (DF), an ethyl acetate fraction (EF), an n-butanol fraction (BF), and a remaining water fraction (WF) after condensation. Additionally, the CF was also subjected to column chromatography via a D101 macroreticular resin column, eluted with ethanol-aqueous solution to yield six fractions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 47 chemical compounds from these polar fractions, including fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, organic heterocyclic molecules, and aromatic compounds. Moreover, DF, EF, and the 60%, 80%, and 100% ethanol-aqueous fractions had higher total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values and greater 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS-) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging abilities. In H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, the aforementioned fractions could increase the activities of antioxidative enzymes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and catalase (CAT), stimulate glutathione (GSH) synthesis by increasing the activities of glutamic acid cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GS), regulate GSH metabolism by increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the antioxidative stress effect of the DH fractions was found to be positively correlated with the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and the presence of antioxidative chemical constituents. In conclusion, this study highlights the efficacy of both liquid-liquid extraction and macroporous resin purification techniques in the enrichment of bioactive compounds from natural food resources. The comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents and antioxidant effects of different polar fractions from Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook contributes to the understanding of its potential application in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kunming 650500, China; (T.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fangyuan Zheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kunming 650500, China; (T.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kunming 650500, China; (T.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kunming 650500, China; (T.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kunming 650500, China; (T.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Yang X, Xiong Y, Wang H, Jiang M, Xu X, Mi Y, Lou J, Li X, Sun H, Zhao Y, Li X, Yang W. Multicomponent Characterization of the Flower Bud of Panax notoginseng and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249049. [PMID: 36558182 PMCID: PMC9786607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The flower bud of Panax notoginseng (PNF) consumed as a tonic shows potential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To identify the contained multi-components and, in particular, to clarify which components can be absorbed and what metabolites are transformed, unveiling the effective substances of PNF is of vital significance. A unique ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) profiling approach and efficient data processing by the UNIFITM bioinformatics platform were employed to comprehensively identify the multi-components of PNF and the related metabolites in the plasma of rats after oral administration (at a dose of 3.6 g/kg). Two MS2 data acquisition modes operating in the negative electrospray ionization mode, involving high-definition MSE (HDMSE) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA), were utilized aimed to extend the coverage and simultaneously ensure the quality of the MS2 spectra. As a result, 219 components from PNF were identified or tentatively characterized, and 40 thereof could be absorbed. Moreover, 11 metabolites were characterized from the rat plasma. The metabolic pathways mainly included the phase I (deglycosylation and oxidation). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically studies the in vivo metabolites of PNF, which can assist in better understanding its tonifying effects and benefit its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833 (W.Y.)
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833 (W.Y.)
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New insights into the role and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113207. [PMID: 35667236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of AD is complex. One-targeted anti-AD drugs usually fail to delay AD progression. Traditional Chinese medicine records have documented the use of the roots of Panax ginseng (ginseng roots) and its prescriptions to treat dementia. Ginsenoside Rg1, the main ginsenoside component of ginseng roots, exhibits a certain therapeutic effect in the abovementioned diseases, suggesting its potential in the management of AD. Therefore, we combed the pathogenesis of AD and currently used anti-AD drugs, and reviewed the availability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmaceutic studies of ginsenoside Rg1. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 and its deglycosylated derivatives in AD in vivo and in vitro. The main mechanisms include improvement in Aβ and Tau pathologies, regulation of synaptic function and intestinal microflora, and reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms mainly involve the regulation of PKC, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, CDK5, GSK-3β, BDNF/TrkB, PKA/CREB, FGF2/Akt, p21WAF1/CIP1, NF-κB, NLRP1, TLR3, and TLR4 signaling pathways. As the effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on AD have not been systematically reviewed, we have provided a comprehensive review and shed light on the future directions in the utilization of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginseng roots as well as the development of anti-AD drugs.
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Schreiner T, Dias MM, Barreiro MF, Pinho SP. Saponins as Natural Emulsifiers for Nanoemulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6573-6590. [PMID: 35621387 PMCID: PMC9776534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The awareness of sustainability approaches has focused attention on replacing synthetic emulsifiers with natural alternatives when formulating nanoemulsions. In this context, a comprehensive review of the different types of saponins being successfully used to form and stabilize nanoemulsions is presented, highlighting the most common natural sources and biosynthetic routes. Processes for their extraction and purification are also reviewed altogether with the recent advances for their characterization. Concerning the preparation of the nanoemulsions containing saponins, the focus has been initially given to screening methods, lipid phase used, and production procedures, but their characterization and delivery systems explored are also discussed. Most experimental outcomes showed that the saponins present high performance, but the challenges associated with the saponins' broader application, mainly the standardization for industrial use, are identified. Future perspectives report, among others, the emerging biotechnological processes and the use of byproducts in a circular economy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana
B. Schreiner
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa
Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory
of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Dias
- LSRE-LCM
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory
of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa
Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa
Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Wu S, Cui T, Zhang Z, Li Z, Yang M, Zang Z, Li W. Real-time monitoring of the column chromatographic process of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex part II: multivariate statistical process control based on near-infrared spectroscopy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01781d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate statistical process control has been successfully used for the real-time monitoring of the column chromatographic process of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tongcan Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
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Zhu GX, Zuo JL, Xu L, Li SQ. Ginsenosides in vascular remodeling: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic action. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105647. [PMID: 33964471 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that abnormal vascular remodeling (VR) is a vital pathological event that precedes many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This provides us with a new research perspective that VR can be a pivotal target for CVD treatment and prevention. However, the current drugs for treating CVD do not fundamentally reverse VR and repair vascular function. The reason may be that a complicated regulatory network is formed between the various signaling pathways involved in VR. Recently, ginsenoside, the main active substance of ginseng, has become increasingly the focus of many researchers for its multiple targets, multiple pathways, and few side effects. Several data have revealed that ginsenosides can improve VR caused by vasodilation dysfunction, abnormal vascular structure and blood pressure. This review is intended to discuss the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides in some diseases involved in VR. Besides, we herein also give a new and contradictory insight into intracellular and molecular signaling of ginsenosides in all kinds of vascular cells. Most importantly, we also discuss the feasibility of ginsenosides Rb1/Rg1/Rg3 in drug development by combining the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides, and provide a pharmacological basis for the development of ginsenosides in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Jian-Li Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410016, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Shu-Qing Li
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067, China
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