1
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Zhang L, Xiao J, Xu X, Li K, Li D, Li J. Functionalized Chiral Materials for Use in Chiral Sensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39012839 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2376233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Chirality represents a fundamental attribute within living systems and is a pervasive phenomenon in the natural world. The identification and analysis of chiral materials within natural environments and biological systems hold paramount importance in clinical, chemical, and biological sciences. Within chiral analysis, there is a burgeoning focus on developing chiral sensors exhibiting exceptional selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, marking it as a forefront area of research. In the past decade (2013-2023), approximately 1990 papers concerning the application of various chiral materials in chiral sensors have been published. Biological materials and nanomaterials have important applications in the development of chiral sensors, which accounting for 26.67% and 45.24% of the material-related applications in these sensors, respectively; moreover, the development of chiral nanomaterials is closely related to the development of portable and stable chiral sensors. Natural chiral materials, utilized as selective recognition units, are combined with carriers characterized by good physical and chemical properties through functionalization to form various functional chiral materials, which improve the recognition efficiency of chiral sensors. In this article, from the perspective of biological materials, polymer materials, nanomaterials, and other functional chiral materials, the applications of chiral sensors are summarized and the research prospects of chiral sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jiaxi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Kaiting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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2
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Alshammari OAO, Alhar MSO, Elsayed NH, Monier M, Youssef I. Synthesis of furan-modified cationic cellulose for stereo-specific imprinting and separation of S-indacrinone via Diels-Alder reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133384. [PMID: 38917927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel approach for the separation of indacrinone (IC) enantiomers, crucial in treating edema, hypertension, and hyperuricemia. A cationic biopolymer from furan-2-ylmethylhydrazine-cellulose (FUH-CE), derived from cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC), serving as a substrate in molecular imprinting. A key innovation is the use of the Diels-Alder reaction for efficient cross-linking with bis(maleimido)ethane (BME). This chemical strategy resulted in molecularly imprinted microparticles with high selectivity for the S-IC enantiomer, which can be eluted by adjusting the solution's pH. Extensive characterization confirmed the chemical modifications and selective binding efficacy of these biopolymers. Utilizing separation columns, our method achieved an impressive chiral resolution of (±)-IC, with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 95 % for R-IC during the loading phase and 97 % for S-IC during elution. Under optimized conditions, the biopolymer demonstrated a maximum binding capacity of 131 mg/g at pH 6. This advanced approach represents a significant advancement in chiral separation technology, offering a robust and efficient technique for the selective isolation of enantiomers. This method not only enhances potential targeted therapeutic applications but also provides a scalable solution for industrial chiral separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeh A O Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah S O Alhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia H Elsayed
- Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Neuroradiation and Neuro-intervention Section, Department of Radiology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390. USA
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3
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Franchina FA, Bozza D, Compagnin G, Nosengo C, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Recent developments in the high-throughput separation of biologically active chiral compounds via high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115794. [PMID: 37890321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), are often chiral molecules where stereoisomers have different biological and therapeutic activity. Nevertheless, the preparation of these molecules can lead to racemic or scalemic mixtures (it is not trivial to produce just the optically pure compound). The evaluation of the enantiomeric purity of bioactive compounds, and therefore quality, is indeed of fundamental importance for regulatory scopes. Chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the gold standard technique to separate and to purify enantiomers. This comes from the wide availability of commercial chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and operational modes, which makes the technique extremely versatile. In recent years, the most relevant trend in the field of chiral analytical HPLC has been the development of CSPs suitable for fast or even ultrafast separations, thus favoring the high throughput screening of biologically active chiral compounds. This process has somehow lagged behind compared to achiral HPLC, due to a series of practical and fundamental issues. The experience has shown how in chiral chromatography even very basic concepts, such as the supposed kinetic superiority of core-shell (pellicular) particles over fully porous ones to improve the chromatographic efficiency, cannot be taken for granted. In this review, the most relevant fundamental and practical features that must be taken into consideration to design successful high-throughput, fast enantioseparations will be discussed. Afterwards, the main classes of CSPs and the most relevant, recent (last five-year) high-throughput applications in the field of the separation of chiral bioactive compounds (for pharmaceutical, forensic, food, and omics applications) will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Flavio Antonio Franchina
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Greta Compagnin
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara Nosengo
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Fouad A, El-Sayed DH, Salman BE, Bakr HH, Adel SE, Alzarak TM, Mahmoud A. Macrocyclic Antibiotics as Effective Chiral Selectors in Liquid Chromatography for Enantiomeric Separation of Pharmaceutical Compounds: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37342891 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2224442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Chiral separation techniques play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry, where the enantiomeric purity of drugs can have a significant impact on their efficacy and safety. Macrocyclic antibiotics are highly effective chiral selectors used in various chiral separation techniques, including LC, HPLC, SMB, and TLC, offering reproducible results and a wide range of applications. However, developing robust and efficient immobilization mechanisms for these chiral selectors remains a challenge. This review article focuses on various immobilization approaches, such as immobilization, coating, encapsulation, and photosynthesis, that have been applied to immobilize macrocyclic antibiotics on their support. Commercially available macrocyclic antibiotics for conventional liquid chromatography include Vancomycin, Norvancomycin, Eremomycin, Teicoplanin, Ristocetin A, Rifamycin, Avoparcin, Bacitracin, and others. In addition, capillary (nano) liquid chromatography has also been used in chiral separation utilizing Vancomycin, Polymyxin B, Daptomycin, and Colistin Sulfate. Macrocyclic antibiotic-based CSPs have been extensively applied due to their reproducible results, ease of use, and broad range of applications, capable of separating a large number of racemates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan H Bakr
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shahd E Adel
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Abdelrahman Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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6
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Tanács D, Berkecz R, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Enantioseparation of a-substituted proline analogs with macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases immobilized on superficially porous particles of silica applying liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463997. [PMID: 37084694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the liquid chromatography-based direct enantioseparation of the stereoisomers of α-substituted proline analogs has been investigated utilizing chiral stationary phases with UV and/or mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Macrocyclic antibiotics, such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, modified teicoplanin, and teicoplanin aglycone, all covalently immobilized to 2.7 μm superficially porous silica particles have been applied as stationary phases. Mobile phases utilizing mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile with different additives (polar-ionic mode) were optimized during method development. Best separations were achieved with mobile phases of 100% MeOH containing either 20 mM acetic acid or 20 mM triethylammonium acetate. Special attention was given to the applicability of MS-compatible mobile phases. Acetic acid was found to be advantageous as a mobile phase additive for MS detection. Enantioselective chromatographic behaviors are interpreted based on the explored correlations between the analytes' structural features and those of the applied chiral stationary phases. For the thermodynamic characterization, separations were studied in the temperature range of 5-50 °C. Generally, retention and selectivity decreased with increasing temperature, and in most cases, enthalpy-driven enantiorecognition was observed, but entropic contributions also were present. Unexpectedly, unusual shapes for the van Deemter curves were registered in the kinetic evaluations. General trends could be observed in the enantiomeric elution orders: S < R on VancoShell and NicoShell, and opposite R < S on TeicoShell and TagShell columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, Hungary
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, United States of America
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, Hungary.
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7
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The Enantioselective Potential of NicoShell and TeicoShell Columns for Basic Pharmaceuticals and Forensic Drugs in Sub/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031202. [PMID: 36770866 PMCID: PMC9919078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective potential of two macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases for analysis of 28 structurally diverse biologically active compounds such as derivatives of pyrovalerone, ketamine, cathinone, and other representatives of psychostimulants and antidepressants was evaluated in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography. The chiral selectors immobilized on 2.7 μm superficially porous particles were teicoplanin (TeicoShell column) and modified macrocyclic glycopeptide (NicoShell column). The influence of the organic modifier and different mobile phase additives on the retention and enantioresolution were investigated. The obtained results confirmed that the mobile phase additives, especially water as a single additive or in combination with basic and acidic additives, improve peak shape and enhance enantioresolution. In addition, the effect of temperature was evaluated to optimize the enantioseparation process. Both columns exhibited comparable enantioselectivity, approximately 90% of the compounds tested were enantioseparated, and 30% out of them were baseline enantioresolved under the tested conditions. The complementary enantioselectivity of the macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases was emphasized. This work can be useful for the method development for the enantioseparation of basic biologically active compounds of interest.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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The role of deep eutectic solvents in chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography: A comparative study based on α-cyclodextrin chiral selector. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Tanács D, Berkecz R, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Macrocykclic glycopeptides- and derivatized cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases for the enantioseparation of fluorinated ß-phenylalanine analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Guo S, Huang C, Bo C, Ma S, Gong B, Ou J. Comparison of vancomycin-immobilized chiral stationary phase with its derivative for enantioseparation of drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Roskam G, van de Velde B, Gargano A, Kohler I. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Analysis, Part 2: Applications. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.fn8374q5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the second part of this review article, the recent progress in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for enantiomeric separations is evaluated. With the substantial developments carried out over the past years in instrumentation, columns, and detector hyphenation, the interest in chiral SFC has been steadily growing in various fields. In combination with novel developments in chiral stationary phase chemistries, the enantioselective analysis range has been significantly extended. Several applications reported on the enantioselective separation of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds using chiral SFC are discussed, including pharmaceutical applications, clinical research, forensic toxicology, and environmental sciences.
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13
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Guo S, Huang C, Zhang N, Ma S, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Enantioseparation in high performance liquid chromatography: preparation and evaluation of a vancomycin-based chiral stationary phase via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1221-1231. [PMID: 35237778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic technique based on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been explored for enantioseparation. Herein, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (poly(GMA)) brushes were grafted on the surface of silica gel via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), followed by the introduction of vancomycin as a chiral selector. The as-synthesized material was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proving the formation of vancomycin-immobilized brushes. Then the resulting CSP was explored to separate 7 racemic drugs (bicalutamide, 1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, chlorpheniramine maleate, fluoxetine hydrochloride, verapamil hydrochloride, benzoxazocine hydrochloride and isoprenaline hydrochloride) in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several factors affecting the enantioseparation performance of the vancomycin-immobilized CSP, including the triethylamine (TEA) content in the buffer, pH value, content of organic solvent in the mobile phase, flow rate and injection volume, were mainly optimized. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of fluoxetine hydrochloride (RS = 2.52) was achieved, which was better than that on a commercial Chirobiotic V column, while enantioseparation of bicalutamide (RS = 1.01), chlorpheniramine maleate (RS = 0.77), 1-benzyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (RS = 0.67), isoprenaline hydrochloride (RS = 0.73), verapamil hydrochloride (RS = 0.91) and benzoxazocine hydrochloride (RS = 1.03) was partly achieved. It was concluded that SI-ATRP is a robust way to fabricate vancomycin-based CSPs for enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Broeckhoven K. Advances in the limits of separation power in supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Si-Hung L, Bamba T. Current state and future perspectives of supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Unusual enantiomeric separation due to residual amines in chiral crown ether stationary phase linked by long alkyl chain. Talanta 2021; 235:122739. [PMID: 34517607 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral stationary phase (CSP) in which (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was linked to a silica gel surface through a long alkyl chain and which did not contain additional aminoundecyl groups was prepared. Generally, when enantiomers containing a primary amine group are optically resolved using a crown-ether-type CSP, a higher resolution is achieved if the surface of the CSP does not contain any residual amine. In this study, the chiral separation factor and resolution factor of a CSP with a long alkyl chain such as the aminoundecyl group were unusually low in the absence of the residual aminoundecyl groups. In this study, a chiral column was prepared by introducing a chiral selector having a long alkyl chain on the surface of silica gel to separate enantiomers of α-amino acids. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the residual-amine-containing CSP, which was easier to synthesize, facilitated more effective enantiomeric separation than the CSP without residual amines.
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17
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Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Recent progress in the development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:51-77. [PMID: 34729907 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Separations and analyses of chiral compounds are important in many fields, including pharmaceutical production, preparation of chemical intermediates, and biochemistry. High-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase is regarded as one of the most valuable methods for enantiomeric separation and analysis because it is highly efficient, is broadly applicable, and has powerful separation capability. The focus for development of this method is the identification of novel chiral stationary phases with superior recognition performance and good stability. The present article reviews recent progress in the development of new chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography between January 2018 and June 2021. These newly reported chiral stationary phases are divided into three categories: small organic molecule-based (cyclodextrin and its derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, cinchona alkaloids, and other low molecular weight chiral molecules), macromolecule-based (cellulose and amylose derivatives, chitin and chitosan derivatives, and synthetic helical polymers) and chiral porous material-based (chiral metal-organic frameworks, chiral covalent organic frameworks, and chiral inorganic mesoporous silicas). Each type of chiral stationary phase is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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Folprechtová D, Tesařová E, Kalíková K. The effect of tandem coupling of NicoShell and TeicoShell columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography on enantioresolution. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4048-4057. [PMID: 34490981 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography presents a great opportunity for influencing the separation efficiency and extending the selectivity of the separation system. Combinations of different types of chiral stationary phases could positively affect the enantioresolution if single ones are complementary to each other. In this work, two superficially porous particle (2.7 μm) macrocyclic glycopeptide-based columns, namely TeicoShell and NicoShell, were serially coupled and tested in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography for the first time. The influence of the column arrangement on the enantioseparation of structurally diverse biologically active compounds was examined. The obtained results showed how the column order crucially affected the enantioresolution of compounds tested, but the retention was negligibly affected in most cases. We also demonstrated that single TeicoShell and NicoShell columns are very promising towards the development of highly efficient and fast/ultrafast sub/supercritical fluid chromatography methods for structurally different chiral compounds. The optimized methods for sub-minute enantioselective separation of certain biologically important compounds were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Chemical derivatization in combination with supercritical fluid chromatography to improve resolution of stereoisomers. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:985-999. [PMID: 34081541 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quantification of stereoisomers in biological matrices is of pivotal importance for drug development. Supercritical fluid chromatography paired with chiral stationary phases is the gold standard for resolution of enantiomers. However, this technique often proves inadequate for resolution of polar stereoisomers. Materials & methods: A combination of achiral chemical derivatization with supercritical fluid chromatography using chiral stationary columns to improve enantiomeric resolution is described. Results: Separation of four possible stereoisomers of linerixibat was achieved after derivatization with 3N HCl in n-butanol within 12 min (case1). Derivatization with acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric anhydrides significantly improved the separation of stereoisomers (case 2 and 3) within 10 min. The best stereoisomeric resolution was achieved using valeric and isovaleric anhydrides.
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Grybinik S, Bosakova Z. An overview of chiral separations of pharmaceutically active substances by HPLC (2018-2020). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021; 152:1033-1043. [PMID: 34456367 PMCID: PMC8382579 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a brief survey of chiral separation of pharmaceutically active substances published over the last 3 years (2018-2020). Chiral separation of drugs is an important area of research. The control of enantiomeric purity and determination of individual enantiomeric drug molecules is a necessity especially for clinical, analytical, and regulatory purposes. Among chromatographic resolution methods, high-performance liquid chromatography based on chiral stationary phases remains the most popular and effective method used for chiral separation of various drugs. In this review, attention is paid to several classes of chiral stationary phases that have been the most frequently used for drug enantioseparation during this period. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Grybinik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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