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Liu R, Sun X, Zhang Y, Li P, Nan L, Shen Q, Wen K, Yu X, Shen J, Pan Y, Wang Z. Highly selective and sensitive immunoassays for flurogestone acetate analysis in goat milk: From rational hapten design and antibody production to assay development. Food Chem 2024; 449:139198. [PMID: 38574526 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of high specificity and affinity antibodies is challenging due to limited information on characteristic groups of haptens in traditional design strategy. In this study, we first predicted characteristic groups of flurogestone acetate (FGA) using quantitative analysis of molecular surface combined with atomic charge distribution. Subsequently, FGA haptens were rationally designed to expose these identified characteristic groups fully. As a result, seven monoclonal antibodies were obtained with satisfactory performance, exhibiting IC50 values from 0.17 to 0.45 μg/L and negligible cross-reactivities below 1% to other 18 hormones. The antibody recognition mechanism further confirmed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions involving predicted FGA characteristic groups and specific amino acids in the antibodies contributed to their high specificity and affinity. Finally, one selective and sensitive ic-ELISA was developed for FGA determination with a detection limit as low as 0.12 μg/L, providing an efficient tool for timely monitoring of FGA in goat milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingya Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, 325006 Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Nan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantong Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Hainan Technology Innovation Center for Food Safety Surveillance and Detection, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Xu F, Yang T, Yu J, Wu Y. Simple and rapid determination of triclabendazole and its metabolites in bovine and goat muscle tissue. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5772. [PMID: 37942580 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclabendazole (TCB) is widely used for prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in animals. Improper use can result in drug residues in animal tissues and cause health problems to humans through consumption. A simple and reliable analytical method for the determination of TCB and its metabolites in bovine and goat muscle using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile and purified using enhanced matrix removal cartridge. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a BEH Shield RP18 column. The analytes were detected in positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring. Average recoveries of 96.1%-105.6% with coefficients of variation of 1.9%-8.4% were obtained at fortification levels of 0.5, 2.5, 25, and 50 μg/kg for TCB and 5.0, 25, 250, and 500 μg/kg for its metabolites (triclabendazole sulfoxide, triclabendazole sulfone, and keto-TCB). A good linear regression was obtained with the mixed standard solutions in the range of 0.05-20 μg/L for TCB and 0.5-200 μg/L for its metabolites. The limit of quantification and limit of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.75 μg/kg and from 0.1 to 1.5 μg/kg, respectively. Moreover, this method was successfully applied to 33 real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayong Yu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ningbo, China
| | - Yinliang Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ningbo, China
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Sakai T, Kikuchi H, Nemoto S, Akiyama H, Taguchi T, Tsutsumi T. [Analytical Method for Melengestrol Acetate in Livestock Products Using LC-MS/MS]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2024; 65:15-19. [PMID: 38432897 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.65.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study verified that it is possible to analyze melengesterol acetate using the existing multi-residue method. Melengestrol acetate was extracted from livestock products using acidic acetonitrile acidified with acetic acid in the presence of n-hexane and anhydrous sodium sulfate. The crude extracts were cleaned up using an octadecylsilanized silica gel cartridge column. Separation by HPLC was performed using an octadecylsilanized silica gel column with linear gradient elution of 0.1 vol% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1 vol% formic acid. For the determination of the analyte, tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization was used. In recovery tests using four livestock products fortified with maximum residue limits levels of melengestrol acetate (0.001-0.02 mg/kg), the truenesses ranged from 82% to 100%, and the repeatabilities for the entire procedure ranged from 0.5 RSD% to 5.6 RSD%. In recovery tests using 11 livestock products fortified with 0.0005 mg/kg of melengestrol acetate, the truenesses ranged from 88% to 99%, and the repeatabilities ranged from 1.3 RSD% to 5.4 RSD%. The limit of quantification for melengestrol acetate in livestock products was 0.0005 mg/kg.
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Purves RW, West M, Vaghela R, Kinar J, Patel Y, Belford MW, Shurmer BO. Simplified Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods for Gestagen Analysis in Animal Fat and Liver. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37319426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gestagens, a class of veterinary drugs also called progestogens, are synthetic hormones used to increase feed efficiency and rate of gain in heifers. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency analyzes progestogens melengestrol acetate (MGA), megestrol acetate, and chlormadinone acetate using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our conventional gestagen method for kidney fat has many time-consuming steps, including solid-phase extraction. A sample preparation procedure having fewer clean-up steps was developed for routine diagnostic analysis of kidney fat and provided similar results faster, and at lower cost. A confirmatory liver method for gestagens, developed using salt-assisted extraction, employed minimal clean-up steps that resulted in high chemical background at the desired lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). Differential ion mobility spectrometry, specifically high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), was used to filter chemical background in the gas phase. The effect of the ionization probe position on FAIMS parameters, including sensitivity, is described. With LC-FAIMS-MS, chemical background for each gestagen was virtually eliminated, resulting in a quantitative liver method having the desired 0.6 ng/g LLOQ and estimated limits of detection (LODs) up to 140 times lower than LC-MS. Incurred MGA samples, analyzed using kidney fat and liver methods from the same animal, show levels within the quantitative ranges of both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy W Purves
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Michelle West
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Ratnadipsinh Vaghela
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Jana Kinar
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Yash Patel
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Bryn O Shurmer
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada
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Shu X, Chu N, Zhang X, Yang X, Meng X, Yang J, Wang N. Rapid Analysis of Residues of 186 Pesticides in Hawk Tea Using Modified QuEChERS Coupled with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12639. [PMID: 36231938 PMCID: PMC9565042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the QuEChERS method was modified and evaluated for the determination of 186 pesticides from caffeine-free and fatty hawk tea prior to their gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the first time. The results showed that the combination of MgSO4 + PSA + MWCNTs plus EMR-Lipid provided the lowest matrix effect and best recovery; 117 of 186 pesticides manifested weak matrix effects. Thus, for accurate quantification, it is necessary to use matrix-matched calibration curves to compensate for the matrix effect. At the spiked level of 0.1 mg/kg, the average recoveries of 184 pesticides were in the range of 70-120% and the RSDs were 0.3-14.4% by the modified method. Good linearity was shown for 186 analytes at concentration of 0.01 mg/L~0.4 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.99 for 182 pesticides. The detection limits of 186 pesticides by the modified QuEChERS method were 0.001-0.02 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 mg/kg~0.05 mg/kg. The necessity of solvent exchange is also explained in this work. The successful application of the modified QuEChERS in real samples proved that this method could be one of the routine options for analysis of herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Nengming Chu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Junying Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Na Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
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Xu F, Yu J, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Sun A, Shi X, Wu Y. A green and rapid analytical method for determination of kitasamycin in animal feedstuffs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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